All ICDP Publications with Abstracts
From parent-sysfolder "Publications" + 2 folder-levels deep
2928.
Oxygen and silicon isotopic compositions of Archean silicified lava and cherts of the Onverwacht Group: Implication for seafloor hydrothermalism and the nature of recycled components in the source of granitoids
Chemical Geology,
670
2024
2927.
Paleogene Earth perturbations in the US Atlantic Coastal Plain (PEP-US): coring transects of hyperthermals to understand past carbon injections and ecosystem responses
Scientific Drilling,
33
(1)
47 – 65
2024
Keywords:▾
Carbon footprint; Coremaking; Earth system models; Infill drilling; Stratigraphy; Anthropogenics; Carbon injections; CO 2 emission; Coastal plain; Deep sea; Ecosystem response; Paleocene-Eocene boundaries; Paleocene-eocene thermal maximums; Paleogene; Short durations; Sea level
Abstract: ▾ The release of over 4500 Gt (gigatonnes) of carbon at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary provides the closest geological analog to modern anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The cause(s) of and responses to the resulting Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and attendant carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) remain enigmatic and intriguing despite over 30 years of intense study. CIE records from the deep sea are generally thin due to its short duration and slow sedimentation rates, and they are truncated due to corrosive bottom waters dissolving carbonate sediments. In contrast, PETM coastal plain sections along the US mid-Atlantic margin are thick, generally having an expanded record of the CIE. Drilling here presents an opportunity to study the PETM onset to a level of detail that could transform our understanding of this important event. Previous drilling in this region provided important insights, but existing cores are either depleted or contain stratigraphic gaps. New core material is needed for well-resolved marine climate records. To plan new drilling, members of the international scientific community attended a multi-staged, hybrid scientific drilling workshop in 2022 designed to maximize not only scientifically and demographically diverse participation but also to protect participants’ health and safety during the global pandemic and to reduce our carbon footprint. The resulting plan identified 10 sites for drill holes that would penetrate the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, targeting the pre-onset excursion (POE), the CIE onset, the rapidly deposited Marlboro Clay that records a very thick CIE body, and other Eocene hyperthermals. The workshop participants developed several primary scientific objectives related to investigating the nature and the cause(s) of the CIE onset as well as the biotic effects of the PETM on the paleoshelf. Additional objectives focus on the evidence for widespread wildfires and changes in the hydrological cycle, shelf morphology, and sea level during the PETM as well as the desire to study both underlying K–Pg sediments and overlying post-Eocene records of extreme hyperthermal climate events. All objectives address our overarching research question: what was the Earth system response to a rapid carbon cycle perturbation? © Author(s) 2024.
2926.
Plant cuticle as a possible palaeo-Hg proxy: Implications from Hg concentration data of extant Ginkgo L. and extinct ginkgoaleans
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology,
647
2024
2925.
Nanoscale constraints on the nucleation and evolution of granular zircon from reidite in impactites at the Chicxulub impact structure
Earth and Planetary Science Letters,
626
2024
2924.
Nanoscale Os isotopic quantification of Wadi Tayin dunite platinum group minerals by atom probe tomography
Lithos,
488-489
2024
2923.
Internal structure of the volcanic island of Surtsey and surroundings: Constraints from a dense aeromagnetic survey
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,
451
2024
2922.
Morphological variation in extinct Aulacoseira (Bacillariophyta) species from Lake Towuti, with a description of novel species
Journal of Great Lakes Research,
50
(3)
2024
2921.
Microbial diversity and biogeochemical interactions in the seismically active and CO2- rich Eger Rift ecosystem
Environmental Microbiome,
19
(1)
2024
2920.
Material and mechanical properties of young basalt in drill cores from the oceanic island of Surtsey, Iceland
Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,
136
(9-10)
3527 – 3552
2024
DOI:10.1130/B37037.1
Keywords:▾
Iceland; Surtsey; Basalt; Clay alteration; Drilling rigs; Pore size; Scale (deposits); Submarine geology; Underwater mineral resources; X ray diffraction analysis; Drill core; Fine ashes; Icelands; matrix; Mechanical; Oceanic islands; Property; Pyroclastic deposits; Sub-seafloor; Thermal; basalt; decadal variation; mechanical property; pyroclastic deposit; underwater environment; X-ray diffraction; Compressive strength
Abstract: ▾ Characterization of 2017 drill core samples from Surtsey, an oceanic island produced by 1963–1967 eruptions in the offshore extension of Iceland’s east rift zone, reveals highly heterogeneous microstructural, physical, and mechanical properties in subaerial, submarine, and subseafloor basaltic deposits. The connected porosity varies from 42% in weakly consolidated lapilli tuff in a submarine inflow zone to 21% in strongly lithified lapilli tuff in upper subseafloor deposits near the explosively excavated conduit. Permeability, however, varies over six orders of magnitude, from 10−18 m2 to 10−13 m2. Uniaxial compressive strength, P-wave velocity, and thermal conductivity are also highly variable: 10–70 MPa, 1.48–3.74 km·s−1, and 0.472–0.862 W·m−1·K−1, respectively. Synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction analyses integrated with major-element geochemistry and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction analyses describe the initial alteration of fresh glass, incipient consolidation of a fine-ash matrix, and partial closure of pores with mineral cements. Permeability, micromechanical, and thermal property modeling highlight how porosity and pore size in eruptive fabrics—modified through diverse cementing microstructures—influence the physical properties of the pyroclastic deposits. Borehole temperatures, 25–141 °C (measured from 1980 to 2018), do not directly correlate with rock strength properties; rather, the abundance and consolidation of a binding fine-ash matrix appears to be a primary factor. Analytical results integrated with archival data from 1979 drill core samples provide reference parameters for geophysical and heat transfer studies, the physical characteristics of pyroclastic deposits that lithify on a decadal scale, and the stability and survival of oceanic islands over time. For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org © 2024 Geological Society of America
2919.
Living in the deep at the top of the world
Past Global Changes Magazine,
32
(2)
124-125
2024
2918.
Leveraging Spatial Metadata in Machine Learning for Improved Objective Quantification of Geological Drill Core
Earth and Space Science,
11
(3)
2024
Keywords:▾
Oman; coordinate; data set; drilling; image analysis; machine learning; rock; satellite imagery; support vector machine
Abstract: ▾ Here we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct classes reflecting the dominant rock types and alteration features in the core. We modified two unsupervised learning models to incorporate spatial metadata and an average improvement of 25% was achieved over equivalent models that did not utilize metadata. Our semi-supervised workflow involves unsupervised network training followed by semi-supervised clustering where a support vector machine uses a subset of M expert labeled images to assign a pseudolabel to the entire data set. Fine-tuning of the best performing model showed an f1 (macro average) of 90%, and its classifications were used to estimate bulk fresh and altered rock abundance downhole. Validation against the same information gathered manually by experts when the core was recovered during the Oman Drilling Project revealed that our automatically generated data sets have a significant positive correlation (Pearson's r of 0.65–0.72) to the expert generated equivalent, demonstrating that valuable geological information can be generated automatically for 400 m of core with only ∼24 hr of domain expert effort. © 2024 The Authors. Earth and Space Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.
2917.
Investigation of orbital and sub-orbital Milankovitch cycles from borehole logging data: Examples from Cretaceous and Quaternary lake sediments
Past Global Changes Magazine,
32
(2)
88-89
2024
2916.
Investigation of orbital and sub-orbital Milankovitch cycles from borehole logging data: Examples from Cretaceous and Quaternary lake sediments
Past Global Changes Magazine,
32
(2)
88-89
2024
2915.
International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin: Terrestrial Geological Records of the Cretaceous Dinosaur Age
Earth Science Frontiers,
31
(1)
511 – 534
2024
Keywords:▾
Climate change; Earth (planet); Infill drilling; Petroleum prospecting; Sea level; Sustainable development; Basin; Chronostratigraphic framework; Continental scientific drillings; Cretaceous; Drilling projects; International continental scientific drilling program; Marine incursion; Marine incursion event; Pa-leoclimate; Songliao; Greenhouses
Abstract: ▾ Over the past century global temperatures continue to rise, and the Earth may enter a greenhouse period in the future with no ice at the poles. The Cretaceous was a typical greenhouse period in deep time, and thus understanding the Cretaceous climate is significant for interpreting past climate changes and predicting future trends. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin is the world's first continental scientific drilling project to penetrate the Cretaceous continental strata within the framework of the ICDP. This project is aimed to investigate Cretaceous terrestrial climate and environmental changes, and to explore the mechanisms of massive terrestrial organic matter accumulation and enrichment. Spanning 16 years, this project achieves a continuous and complete 8187-meter core with a recovery rate exceeding 97%, establishes a high-precision chronostratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous continental strata in the Songliao Basin, reconstructs multi-temporal-scale terrestrial climate cycles and climate events during the Cretaceous period, reveals the mechanisms of Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations, and confirms marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin has promoted global collaboration among geologists to study Cretaceous greenhouse climates, leading to a series of high-impact research achievements. It has provided crucial scientific support for the sustainable development of oil and gas exploration in the Songliao Basin, and has generated significant social benefits and substantial international and domestic influence. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin represents a milestone stage in exploring deep-time Earth, and it is foreseeable that in the future, humans will continue enhancing the understanding of deep-time climate and environmental evolution with the aid of scientific drilling. © 2024 Science Frontiers editorial department. All rights reserved.
2914.
International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) workshop on the Fucino paleolake project: The longest continuous terrestrial archive in the MEditerranean recording the last 5 Million years of Earth system history (MEME)
Scientific Drilling,
33
(2)
249 – 266
2024
2913.
Interaction between basement detachment fault, rift onset unconformity, and overlying basin fills: An example from the Songliao basin of a Cretaceous active continental margin volcanic rift in northeast Asia
Marine and Petroleum Geology,
168
2024
2912.
Precipitation variability and environmental change across late Quaternary glacial-interglacial cycles in lowland Central America: Insights from Lake Petén Itzá (Guatemala) sediments
Quaternary Science Reviews,
344
2024
2911.
Precambrian impact structures and ejecta on earth: A review
Precambrian Research,
411
2024
2910.
Timing and duration of the early Hettangian marine inundation in the Polish Basin: Organic carbon isotopes and astronomical calibration of the Triassic-Jurassic transition of the Niekłań PIG core (Holy Cross Mountains, SE Poland)
Volumina Jurassica,
2287 – 116
2024
DOI:10.7306/VJ.22.6
2909.
Progress and prospect of the Chinese Continental Environmental Scientific Drilling (CESD) program
Past Global Changes Magazine,
32
(2)
104-105
2024
2908.
The >250-kyr Lake Chala record: A tephrostratotype correlating archaeological, palaeoenvironmental and volcanic sequences across eastern Africa
Quaternary Science Reviews,
326
2024
Keywords:▾
Africa; East African Lakes; Lake Victoria; Argon; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Sediments; Volcanoes; Africa; Argon dating; East African Rift; East african rift system; Holocenes; Lake chala; Lake sediments; Palaeoclimate; Pleistocene; Rift systems; Tephrochronology; archaeology; chronology; crater lake; geochemistry; geochronology; Holocene; lacustrine deposit; Mesolithic; paleoclimate; tephrochronology; volcanic ash; Lakes
Abstract: ▾ Regional tephrostratigraphic frameworks connect palaeoclimate, archaeological and volcanological records preserved in soils or lake sediments via shared volcanic ash (tephra) layers. In eastern Africa, tracing of tephra isochrons between geoarchaeological sequences is an established chronostratigraphic approach. However, to date, few long tephra records exist from sites with continuous depositional sequences, such as lake sediments, which offer the potential to connect local and discontinuous sequences at the regional scale. Long lake sediment sequences may also capture more complete eruptive histories of understudied volcanic centres. Here, we present and date the tephrostratigraphic record of a >250,000-year (>250-kyr) continuous sediment sequence extracted from Lake Chala, a crater lake on the Kenya-Tanzania border near Mt Kilimanjaro. Single-grain glass major and minor element analyses of visible and six cryptotephra layers reveal compositions ranging from mafic foidites and basanites to more evolved tephri-phonolites, phonolites, trachytes and a single rhyolite. Of these, nine are correlated to scoria cone eruptions of neighbouring Mt Kilimanjaro or the Chyulu volcanic field ∼60 km to the north; seven are correlated to phonolitic eruptions of Mt Meru, ∼100 km to the west; and four to voluminous trachytic eruptions of Central Kenyan Rift (CKR) volcanoes located ∼350 km to the north. The only rhyolitic tephra layer, a cryptotephra, correlates to the 73.7-ka BP (before present, taken as 1950 CE) Younger Toba Tuff (YTT) from Sumatra. Two of the CKR tephra layers provide direct ties with terrestrial sequences relevant to Middle Stone Age archaeology of the eastern Lake Victoria basin in Kenya. Absolute age estimates obtained by direct 40Ar/39Ar dating of 10 tephra layers are combined with six 210Pb and 162 14C dates covering the last 25-kyr and the well-constrained known age of the YTT to build a first absolute chronology for the full Lake Chala sediment sequence. The uninterrupted >250-kyr Lake Chala sedimentary archive represents a unique tephrostratotype sequence for eastern Africa, optimising the chronological value of tephra correlations in regional palaeoenvironmental, archaeological and volcanological research. Further study of cryptotephra in the Lake Chala sequence and additional geochemical characterisation and dating of ancient volcanic eruptions from nearby and further afield may eventually produce a regionally connected and detailed tephrostratigraphic framework for eastern equatorial Africa. © 2024 The Authors
2907.
Superhot Geothermal - Experience and Outlook in Iceland
Volume 48
,
Page 2974 – 2983
2024
2906.
Workshop report: Afar Dallol Drilling - ONset of sedimentary processes in an active rift basin (ADD-ON)
Scientific Drilling,
33
(2)
207--218
2024
2905.
Vegetation response to climate changes in the eastern Arctic during the Middle Gelasian age of the Early Pleistocene
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,
324
2024
Keywords:▾
Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; climate change; glaciation; interglacial; isotopic analysis; marine isotope stage; paleobotany; palynology; Pleistocene; pollen; vegetation cover
Abstract: ▾ Palynological analysis of sediments from El'gygytgyn Lake document vegetation changes in the Eastern Arctic from early marine isotope stage (MIS) 74 to late MIS 80 (c.2.1–1.9 MA) and close the last remaining gap in the El'gygytgyn pollen record. Cooler climates were characterized by a mix of Larix forest-tundra, shrub Betula tundra, and herb-dominated communities. During interglaciations, Larix forests with tree Betula and Alnus, and perhaps with a minor component of Picea and tree Pinus, characterized areas that today are tundra. These forests included a rich shrub understory of Betula, Duschekia, Salix, and Pinus pumila. Although MIS 77 has been considered a “super” interglaciation, the data do not indicate that this stage was exceptionally warm. Interstadial conditions are denoted by pollen assemblages that indicate the regional vegetation was dominated by Larix forest -tundra and an absence of Pinus pumila. The palynological results from this Early Pleistocene interval demonstrate the need to: 1) modify the El'gygytgyn age model; 2) reevaluate the relationship of sediment facies to climate change; and 3) reconsider the occurrence and/or definition of “super” interglaciations. © 2023
2904.
Integrated chronostratigraphic framework for Cretaceous strata in the Songliao Basin; [松辽盆地白垩纪综合年代地层格架]
Earth Science Frontiers,
31
(1)
431 – 445
2024