DeepDust is an international drilling project that looks into one of Earth’s most dramatic climate transitions: the end of an ice age in the Permian and the move toward very warm, greenhouse conditions. By drilling into Permian-age rocks in the United States (site near 35.3°N, 99.23°W) with French partners, scientists aim to recover long, continuous rock records that hold clues about ancient dust, acid lakes, temperatures, and carbon stored in oceans and soils. The project brings together researchers from the United States and Europe to study how global climate, tectonics, and life interacted during this critical interval when the globe underwent big changes in climate and biodiversity and ended with the largest mass extinction in Earth history. By analyzing the cores, scientists hope to reconstruct past climates and carbon cycles, track dust supply to landscapes, and understand how ecosystems coped with extreme environments—knowledge that helps predict how modern systems may respond to today’s rapid warming.