Drilling Projects By
Climate & Ecosystems
Sustainable Georesources
Natural Hazards
World
Geological Time
Europe
- Map of Europe
- Alpine Valleys
- Are-Jarpen (Sweden)
- Campi Flegrei (Italy)
- Central Apennines (Italy)
- Corinth (Greece)
- Crete (Greece)
- Dead Sea (Israel)
- Eger (Czechia, Germany)
- Erzgebirge (Germany)
- Fennoscandia (Sweden)
- Gibraltar/Spain
- Iceland
- Imandra (Russia)
- Ivrea (Italy)
- Kola (Russia)
- Krafla (Iceland)
- KTB
- KTBTL
- KTB-Hydraulic
- Lake Ohrid (Macedonia)
- Lake Van (Turkey)
- Limfjorden (Denmark)
- Mjoelnir (Norway)
- North Anatolian Fault (Turkey)
- North Sea (Netherlands)
- Northern Apennines (Italy)
- Orava (Poland)
- Outokumpu (Finland)
- Paris Basin (France)
- Prees (England)
- Surtsey (Iceland)
- Windischeschenbach (Germany)
Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB)
UNESCO IGCP 408: „Rocks and Minerals at Great Depths and on the Surface“
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The Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB-3) reached a final depth of 12,261 m. It was drilled since the seventies in the framework of the programme "Investigation of the continental crust by means of deep drilling" of the former USSR. The main borehole (and several complementary ones) intersected the entire sedimentary-volcanic sequence of the Lower Proterozoic Pechenga Formation (0 - 6,842 m) and a considerable part (6,842 - 12,261 m) of the Archean granitic-metamorphic complex of the basement (gneisses, amphibolites, migmatites and granitoids).
