This file was created by the TYPO3 extension publications --- Timezone: CEST Creation date: 2026-06-03 Creation time: 19:56:00 --- Number of references 306 article Li2026 Article 2026 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106201 Cretaceous Research 177 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105012125200&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2025.106201&partnerID=40&md5=bd8b362fe2ba4a1b3ca389c70affd3f9 Cited by: 0 Shan Li Huaichun Wu Qiang Fang Runjian Chu Meinan Shi Guang Yang Yuan Gao Xiaojuan Ma Youfeng Gao Chengshan Wang article Lin2026 Article 2026 10.1016/j.cretres.2025.106217 Cretaceous Research 178 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105016339670&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2025.106217&partnerID=40&md5=47b8a06f9d115c406d7729c8f5d0690c Cited by: 0 Miaoqin Lin Jianguo Li Yixiao Wu Tan Tan Yigang Xu article Wang202538 Article 2025 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2025.5.10 Earth Science Frontiers 32 38 – 51 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105028535062&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2025.5.10&partnerID=40&md5=3c8ecfaa2293078a56f96781f4c022c3 Cited by: 0 Pujun Wang Chuancheng Gao Youfeng Gao Zhuolong Yang Xin Tang Changqing Zheng Shuo LIU Haibo Liu Honghao Li Xiang Gao Yuan Gao Chengshan Wang Xiaoqiao Wan article Wang2024 Article 2024 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107042 Marine and Petroleum Geology 168 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85200148612&doi=10.1016%2fj.marpetgeo.2024.107042&partnerID=40&md5=00f4deff696e4eb5f23ce7786cd1513c Cited by: 0 Pujun Wang Zhuolong Yang Youfeng Gao Xuejiao Qu Haibo Liu Yongkang Yin Chengshan Wang Xiaoqiao Wan Shumin Chen article Qin2024168 Article 2024 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.04.003 Drilling Engineering 51 14-22 04 Z. Zhang H. Ran Y. Zhang S. Chen D. Liu article Qin2024168 Article 2024 10.12143/j.ztgc.2024.04.005 Drilling Engineering 51 31 – 37 4 H. Zhang L. Cao W. Wang J. Yan S. Shi Y. Wang Q. Xue article WOS:001228045000001 2024 10.1021/acsomega.4c00832 ACS OMEGA 9 21097-21115 19 Shuangbiao Han Xin Du Yufei He Chengshan Wang Mengxia Huo Xiaoyan Mu Ye Wang Jie Huang Chenxin Zhang article Qin2024168 Article 2024 10.1016/j.gca.2024.09.031 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 384 168 – 177 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205439369&doi=10.1016%2fj.gca.2024.09.031&partnerID=40&md5=72bea26d383ebda34ae4af727085f4d6 Cited by: 0 Zheng Qin Jingao Liu Huan Cui Kurt O. Konhauser He Huang Dongtao Xu Yuan Gao Huaichun Wu Chengshan Wang article Wang2024511 Over the past century global temperatures continue to rise, and the Earth may enter a greenhouse period in the future with no ice at the poles. The Cretaceous was a typical greenhouse period in deep time, and thus understanding the Cretaceous climate is significant for interpreting past climate changes and predicting future trends. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin is the world's first continental scientific drilling project to penetrate the Cretaceous continental strata within the framework of the ICDP. This project is aimed to investigate Cretaceous terrestrial climate and environmental changes, and to explore the mechanisms of massive terrestrial organic matter accumulation and enrichment. Spanning 16 years, this project achieves a continuous and complete 8187-meter core with a recovery rate exceeding 97%, establishes a high-precision chronostratigraphic framework for the Cretaceous continental strata in the Songliao Basin, reconstructs multi-temporal-scale terrestrial climate cycles and climate events during the Cretaceous period, reveals the mechanisms of Cretaceous sea-level fluctuations, and confirms marine incursion events in the Songliao Basin. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin has promoted global collaboration among geologists to study Cretaceous greenhouse climates, leading to a series of high-impact research achievements. It has provided crucial scientific support for the sustainable development of oil and gas exploration in the Songliao Basin, and has generated significant social benefits and substantial international and domestic influence. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin represents a milestone stage in exploring deep-time Earth, and it is foreseeable that in the future, humans will continue enhancing the understanding of deep-time climate and environmental evolution with the aid of scientific drilling. © 2024 Science Frontiers editorial department. All rights reserved. Article 2024 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.4-en Earth Science Frontiers 31 Science Frontiers editorial department 511 – 534 1 Climate change; Earth (planet); Infill drilling; Petroleum prospecting; Sea level; Sustainable development; Basin; Chronostratigraphic framework; Continental scientific drillings; Cretaceous; Drilling projects; International continental scientific drilling program; Marine incursion; Marine incursion event; Pa-leoclimate; Songliao; Greenhouses https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188158333&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2024.1.4-en&partnerID=40&md5=e54f11e8127bddbf5201803396b0090f Cited by: 3 Chengshan Wang Yuan Gao Pujun Wang Huaichun Wu Qingtian Lü Yongyi Zhu Xiaoqiao Wan Changchun Zou Yongjian Huang Youfeng Gao Dangpeng Xi Wenshi Wang Huaiyu He Zihui Feng Guang Yang Chenglong Deng Laiming Zhang Tiantian Wang Bin Hu Liwei Cui Cheng Peng Enxiao Yu He Huang Liu Yang Zhengxuan Wu article RN96 2024 10.22498/pages.32.2.88 Past Global Changes Magazine 32 88-89 2 Christian Zeeden Huaichun Wu Qiang Fang Simona Pierdominici Mathias Vinnepand M. Sardar Abadi Arne Ulfers article Wu2024431 Article 2024 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2024.1.22 Earth Science Frontiers 31 431 – 445 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188175839&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2024.1.22&partnerID=40&md5=2e2fae76adab60a9ba8914f6fee313ab Cited by: 2 Huaichun Wu Shan Li Chengshan Wang Runjian Chu Pujun Wang Yuan Gao Xiaoqiao Wan Huaiyu He Chenglong Deng Guang Yang Yongjian Huang Youfeng Gao Dangpeng Xi Tiantian Wang Qiang Fang Tianshui Yang Shihong Zhang article Fu2024 Article 2024 10.1016/j.jseaes.2023.105913 Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 259 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85176332010&doi=10.1016%2fj.jseaes.2023.105913&partnerID=40&md5=62a6feb90e8dbc7d2f2d7d3e25569ae1 Cited by: 1 Yu Fu Rihui Cheng Youfeng Gao Yang Zhou Zhongjie Xu article Wang2024377 Article 2024 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.11.38 Earth Science Frontiers 31 377 – 390 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193901712&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2023.11.38&partnerID=40&md5=196f9973e2db0b04b838322e2d5f83cf Cited by: 0 Bin Wang Dongsheng Sun Awei Li Yuehui Yang Qunce Chen article Qin2024168 Article 2024 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2024.05.08 Quaternary Sciences 44 1188-1204 5 L. Yang Y. Gao Z. Wu Q. Zhang article Jin2024Q1 Article 2024 10.1190/geo2023-0340.1 Geophysics 89 Q1 – Q12 4 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195423626&doi=10.1190%2fgeo2023-0340.1&partnerID=40&md5=992f0d28789ceead862c8a5b9a69d1d9 Cited by: 1 Zhong-Yuan Jin Zhan-Wu Lu Wei Fu He-Sheng Hou article Zhang2024429 Article 2024 10.12097/gbc.2021.09.018 Geological Bulletin of China 43 429 – 442 2-3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189082202&doi=10.12097%2fgbc.2021.09.018&partnerID=40&md5=56f455bcdc224d9f1b4839276e52d1a5 Cited by: 0 Dejun Zhang Yuejuan Zheng Shuqin Zhang Jian Zhang Xin Huang Shuwang Chen Lei Sun article Han2024741 Article 2024 10.1016/j.petsci.2023.10.031 Petroleum Science 21 741 – 751 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187412189&doi=10.1016%2fj.petsci.2023.10.031&partnerID=40&md5=56c619057039f5e75efb9e6c54e24cad Cited by: 3; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Shuang-Biao Han Chao-Han Xiang Xin Du Lin-Feng Xie Jie Huang Cheng-Shan Wang article Peng2024 Review 2024 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104735 Earth-Science Reviews 252 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188517238&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2024.104735&partnerID=40&md5=1fc93f35cf46bdd7282915d0260aa2be Cited by: 2 Cheng Peng Changchun Zou Shuxia Zhang Jiangbo Shu Chengshan Wang article Han2023 The maturity of sedimentary organic matter is a key parameter for evaluating oil and gas resources. Existing maturity indicators have different evaluation principles and application scopes. This study investigated samples of high to overmature lacustrine source rocks (Ro = 1.33%–4.24%) from the deep Shahezi formation in the Songliao basin, including the zone of catagenesis and metagenesis. Various methods, including vitrinite reflectance, Tmax, laser Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to evaluate the samples' maturity. Through laser Raman analysis of representative samples from the Shahezi formation, most laser Raman parameters showed an inflection point or reversal when the thermal evolution of deep source rocks in the Shahezi formation reaches a certain stage. The variation trend of some Raman parameters and Ro has strong regularity (1.33% < Ro < 3.52%). Based on FT-ICR MS, this research analyzed the relative content and molecular composition of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds in soluble organic matter of lake source rock samples and comparison samples (marine shale). Quantitative maturity evaluation of organic matter was performed by converting the signal intensity of each compound. The fitting results of maturity parameter based on FT-ICR MS and Tmax indicated that the maturity parameter of the samples have high coefficient of correlations with maturity in the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) range of 1.33%–2.5% and the Tmax range of 420 °C–600 °C. The maturity parameter values decreased as Ro exceeded 2.5% and Tmax exceeded 600 °C. These findings are attributed to the thermal stability of organic compounds and the formation of pyrobitumen and graphite. The parameters of laser Raman spectroscopy also confirmed the growth of aromatic rings reflected by the maturity parameters of FT-ICR MS. These two methods revealed the structural changes of organic matter in the thermal evolution process from multiple perspectives and provided insights for the maturity evaluation of deep source rocks. © 2022 Article 2023 English 01665162 10.1016/j.coal.2022.104153 International Journal of Coal Geology 265 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; Aromatic compounds; Energy resources; Mass spectrometry; Organic lasers; Petroleum deposits; Raman spectroscopy; Reflection; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; Laser Raman; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Maturity parameters; Raman parameters; Shahezi formations; Songliao basin; Source rocks; Vitrinite reflectance; Fourier transform; hydrocarbon resource; lithostratigraphy; mass spectrometry; organic compound; organic matter; Raman spectroscopy; source rock; vitrinite reflectance; Thermodynamic stability https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143344719&doi=10.1016%2fj.coal.2022.104153&partnerID=40&md5=b1c4d6ce7a967201a1968937ed2599f1 Cited by: 2 Shuangbiao Han Linfeng Xie Xin Du Chaohan Xiang Jie Huang Zhiyuan Tang Chengshan Wang Brian Horsfield Nicolaj Mahlstedt article Gao2023425 The internationally recognized absolute isotopic age of the Upper-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary is 100.5 Ma, and the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Points (GSSP) for the boundary is placed in marine strata; however, there have been no reports of GSSP ("golden spikes") for terrestrial boundaries anywhere in the world. The terrestrial Upper-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary is of great value in understanding the evolution of paleogeography, paleoenvironment and paleoclimate on land under the greenhouse conditions in the Middle Cretaceous, and the ideal geological records for studying this boundary may be found in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China, where a complete set of Cretaceous continental strata are developed. Here, we investigated the rock types, lithologic sequence and sedimentary facies in the core section of International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) borehole SK-3, southern Songliao Basin. Based on the core description, gray and gray-green rhyolitic lithic crystalline tuffite deposit is found in the coastal-shallow lacustrine sedimentary sequences of the upper part of the second member of the Quantou Formation at 1191. 6 m depth. The tuffite deposit, according to zircon U-Pb dating of its syndepositional magmatic components, has an zircon age of (96.8±2.9) Ma and belongs to the Middle-Cenomanian period. Combined with previous data, the deposition rate for the Quantou-Denglouku Formations in the study area is 90. 54-110 m/Ma, and we conclude accordingly that the Upper-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary is located in the middle of the first member of the Quantou Formation in borehole SK-3 (at 1526.6-1598. 6 m depth). Considering analytical errors in the age-dating results, the Upper-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary in borehole SK-3 is independently calculated to be between the middle of the second member of the Quantou Formation and the upper part of the fourth member of the Denglouku Formation (at 1279. 6-1917. 6 m depth). Other researchers have tentatively placed the boundary in the Denglouku Formation based on the chronological data of ICDP borehole SK-1 and SK-2, northern Songliao Basin. The continuous coring data reveal continuous fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary sequences in the Denglouku - Quantou Formations in borehole SK-3; while results of seismic horizon matching further suggest the Denglouku - Quantou Formations are widely developed across the Songliao Basin and sedimentary records of continuous deposition are widespread. Therefore, the Denglouku - Quantou Formations across the basin should provide the geological record of continuous deposition of the Upper-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphic boundary. And this paper provides the basic dataset and exploration direction to find the "golden spikes" for the Upper and Lower Cretaceous continental stratigraphic boundary in the Songliao Basin and adjacent areas. © 2023 Science Frontiers editorial department. All rights reserved. Article 2023 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2023.1.28 Earth Science Frontiers 30 Science Frontiers editorial department 425 – 440 3 Binary alloys; Boreholes; Deposits; Geochronology; Infill drilling; Isotopes; Lead alloys; Sedimentary rocks; Sedimentology; Stratigraphy; Zircon; Continental scientific drillings; Cretaceous denglouku - quantou formation; Denglouku formations; Drilling projects; International continental scientific drilling program borehole SK-3; Lower Cretaceous; Potential global boundary stratotype section and point golden spike in terrestrial stratum; Songliao basin; Upper and low cretaceous stratigraphic boundary; Upper Cretaceous; Deposition rates https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159090720&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2023.1.28&partnerID=40&md5=8683ea2043558af11933780d188c708d Cited by: 0 Hang Gao Pujun Wang Youfeng Gao Xiaoqiao Wan Guang Yang Jingsong Hu Huaichun Wu article Wang2023 Organic carbon (OC) burial in lakes has been identified as an efficient sink in the global carbon cycle. Abundant input of terrestrial-derived OC leads to high variability in OC origin and type, but its role in determining organic-rich sediments has been overlooked in prior studies. Here, we investigated the OC source and concentration of the Lower Cretaceous (Middle Aptian to Lower Albian) Shahezi Formation (Songliao Basin, NE Asia) to reveal the burial of terrestrial OC in relation to syn-rift lake evolution and paleoclimate change. The sequence stratigraphic framework of fan-deltaic and lacustrine successions was established by identifying depositional facies and sequence boundaries. The lacustrine-dominated interval was further subdivided into four facies associations (i.e., lake shore to littoral siltstones, shallow-littoral mudstones, sublittoral, and profundal) and a few cyclic, parasequence-order packages, using 90 m of continuous cores and high sampling frequency of RoqSCAN SEM-EDS. Multiple independent proxies (macerals identified using correlative light and electron microscopy, pyrolysis indices, Ro, TOC/TN, and δ13Corg) suggest that the organic fraction of the highly mature mudstones was predominantly contributed by terrestrial-derived OC (gas-prone type III/IV kerogen). A direct correlation between depositional facies, chemical weathering proxies (CIA, CIAcorr, and Ln(Al2O3/Na2O)), and OC burial (TOC and HI) has been established. A steep syn-rift slope, a warm–humid climate, abundant vegetation, and the subaqueous transport of OC-bearing sediments (e.g., massive mud-rich conglomerates and sand- to pebble-bearing mudstones), may have jointly promoted the high input of terrestrial OC. A comparison between two Lower Cretaceous terrestrial records from high and low paleolatitudes suggests that the shift from the syn-rift to post-rift phase was accompanied by an increase in TOC concentration and a change toward Type I kerogen of aquatic origin. The tectonically-controlled evolution of rift basins might be an important forcing function for the change of OC sources and concentrations, which is responsible for long-term OC burial in hinterland environments. © 2023 Article 2023 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2023.106472 Sedimentary Geology 455 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; Alumina; Aluminum oxide; Deposition; Kerogen; Lakes; Oil shale; Stratigraphy; Weathering; Carbon concentrations; Carbon source; Chemical weathering; Littorals; Lower Cretaceous; Mudstone; Organic carbon burial; Paleoclimates; Rift basin; Syn-rift; chemical weathering; climate variation; correlation; Cretaceous; depositional sequence; lacustrine deposit; lake evolution; mudstone; organic carbon; paleoclimate; sequence stratigraphy; Organic carbon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169617226&doi=10.1016%2fj.sedgeo.2023.106472&partnerID=40&md5=78e9eae25d760fa017b82a33eb47fe35 Cited by: 1 Qianyou Wang Yaohua Li James E.P. Utley Joe Gardner Bei Liu Jianfang Hu Longyi Shao Xin Wang Fenglin Gao Dadong Liu Haibin Li Zhenxue Jiang Richard H. Worden article Qin2024168 Article 2023 10.12143/j.ztgc.2023.S1.019 Exploration Engineering 50 126-134 S1 L. Sun X. Ling D. Guan Q. Zhou Z. Fan B. Liu article Qin2024168 Article 2023 10.3975/cagsb.2022.121901 Acta Geoscientica Sinica 44 21-32 01 G. Wang F. Ma H. Hou G. Jiang X. Zhang R. Yuan C. Li article Han20231503 Article 2023 10.1111/1755-6724.15023 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 97 1503 – 1522 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175015513&doi=10.1111%2f1755-6724.15023&partnerID=40&md5=8e9007b5968d06323b43a0fca5d58265 Cited by: 1 Shuangbiao Han Jie Huang Chengshan Wang Jiayi Cui article Xu2023 Article 2023 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121790 Chemical Geology 642 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178892134&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2023.121790&partnerID=40&md5=87eec4ff10d4e563da6f7f17ef46bd2d Cited by: 6 Yilun Xu Dandan Li Yuan Gao Menghan Li Lilin Sun Xiaolin Zhang Chengshan Wang Yanan Shen article Qin2024168 Article 2023 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2023.08010 Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology L. Luo M. Yu Q. Li Z. Wu Y. Huang article Jin2023 Owing to their cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and high-efficiency, passive seismic methods are widely used in geophysical exploration. However, field passive seismic data suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as the fact that different types of seismic waves are naturally mixed together, which can affect the accuracy of subsurface imaging results and the subsequent geological interpretation. In this paper, we demonstrate that these problems can be addressed and present a case study on passive seismic detection in sedimentary basin areas adjacent to Well Songke-2 in Songliao Basin. To obtain accurate and reliable imaging results of the sedimentary strata, a detailed practical scheme is proposed, where fundamental and higher mode surface wave dispersion curves are inverted for obtaining the near-surface S-wave velocity profile, and the body wave component of ambient noise is utilized to retrieve the reflection wavefield information. The obtained profiles from surface wave inversion and reflection wavefield retrieval illustrate similar underground structures. The marker boundaries T2 (1.5 s) and T4 (2.1 s) are well demonstrated, and a low velocity stratum (0.4 s) is detected at a shallow depth of around 400–600 m. Further, the results are highly consistent with the data obtained from borehole logging of Well Songke-2 and the deep reflection seismic profile adjacent to this area, which indicates that the surface wave and body wave in passive seismic data can be utilized together to contribute to a detailed and accurate subsurface imaging and interpretation. Overall, this study investigated and validated the reliability and accuracy of the combination use of passive seismic methods for geological structure exploration, which can further boost their applications for geological interpretation in sedimentary basin areas. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Article 2023 English 09269851 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2022.104898 Journal of Applied Geophysics 208 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; Acoustic noise; Cost effectiveness; Sedimentology; Seismic prospecting; Seismic response; Shear waves; Signal to noise ratio; Surface waves; Underground structures; Wave energy conversion; Wave propagation; Ambient noise; Ambient noise seismic interferometry; Geological interpretation; High-mode surface wave inversion; Higher mode; Sedimentary basin; Sedimentary basin geological interpretation; Seismic interferometries; Songliao basin; Surface wave inversion; Well songke-2; ambient noise; sedimentary basin; seismic reflection; seismic wave; surface wave; wave field; Seismic waves https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144053113&doi=10.1016%2fj.jappgeo.2022.104898&partnerID=40&md5=c74e899b8a9694b8e580f2b70e29a136 Cited by: 0 Zhong-Yuan Jin He-Sheng Hou Wei Fu Pan Zhang Dong-Zhao An Yong Hu article WOS:001073435900001 2023 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2023.106493 MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 157 Yingcheng formation; Strike-slip faulting; Songliao basin; End of continental rifting; Early cretaceous; SK-2 Ye Wang Rihui Cheng Yanjie Shen Yu Fu Zhongjie Xu Youfeng Gao article Zhang2023 SK-2 borehole in Songliao Basin provides unprecedented geological materials for investigating the Early Cretaceous continental paleoenvironment and paleoclimate in northeastern China. The lacustrine successions of the lower Shahezi (K1sh) Formation at the depth from 4,542 to 5,695 m was systematically studied using environmental magnetism and cyclostratigraphy in this study. Magnetic analysis reveals an inverse correlation between magnetic susceptibility (MS) and lithological ranks in fine clastic sediments, with the highest values in mudstones and the lowest in sandstones. The main magnetism carriers in the lower K1sh are pseudo-single-domain (PSD) and/or multi-domain (MD) magnetite with minor presence of hematite. MS was used to further explore the genesis of the environmental and climatic variations through cyclostratigraphic analysis. Sedimentary cycles of 113 m, 34 m, 13 m and 6 m can be identified in the power spectrum, which were interpreted as long and short eccentricity, obliquity, and precession cycles, demonstrating the impact of astronomical cyclicity on sedimentary rhythmicity. Floating astronomical time scale (FATS) of 4,090 kyr and 4,148 kyr were established by tuning the inferred long and short eccentricity cycles to the artificial 405-kyr and 105-kyr orbital eccentricity curves respectively. The estimated sediment accumulation rate around 28 cm/kyr confirms the rapid deposition process within the faulted lacustrine basin. Based on this study, the lake level oscillations in Songliao Basin are assumed to be shaped by long and short eccentricity, precession and semi-precession cycles during Early Cretaceous. This study also indicates that the sand-mudstone alternations deposition in K1sh is most likely driven by the seasonal discrepancies of summer insolation during semi-precession periods. Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Wu, Zhang, Yang, Li, Fang and Shi. Article 2023 English 22966463 10.3389/feart.2023.1077787 Frontiers in Earth Science 11 Frontiers Media S.A. China; Songliao Basin; Cretaceous; cyclostratigraphy; geomagnetism; hierarchical system; lacustrine deposit; Milankovitch cycle; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149664921&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2023.1077787&partnerID=40&md5=e75a85b50849d25fc05b2926240241aa Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Shujing Zhang Huaichun Wu Shihong Zhang Tianshui Yang Haiyan Li Qiang Fang Meinan Shi article Zhang20231342 As the largest petroliferous basin in northeast (NE) China, Songliao Basin preserves continuous Cretaceous sedimentary-volcanic records, providing an excellent opportunity to recover the palaeo-environment. The Yingcheng Formation in the Songliao Basin contains ample gas reservoirs that attract widespread attention. Whereas the timing, petrogenesis and geodynamic mechanism of the volcanic rocks in the Yingcheng Formation are still controversial, which largely constrain our understanding of the formation and evolution of the Songliao Basin. Here, we present an integrated investigation of zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotope, as well as whole-rock elements and Sr-Nd isotopes data for a suite of rhyolites of Yingcheng Formation from the SK2 Borehole of NE China. Zircon U–Pb age dating results of nine samples have yielded a concentrated age of ~110 Ma. These Yingcheng rhyolites are characterized by high SiO2 (66–78 wt%) and alkali (Na2O + K2O = 7.80–11.70 wt%) content, high 10000*Ga/Al (1.26–3.82, mostly >2.6) and FeOT/(FeOT + MgO) ratios (0.81–0.95), which show geochemical affinities with A-type rhyolites. They have relatively low Y/Nb (0.69–1.78, average 1.19) and Rb/Nb (1.58–6.52, average 4.34) ratios, suggesting that the Yingcheng volcanic samples belong to A1-type rhyolites which formed in an intraplate environment. These Yingcheng rhyolites show depleted Nd-Hf isotopic compositions (εNd(t) = 2.43–4.87 and zircon εHf(t) = 4.22–9.88) comparable with the Early Cretaceous A-type and I-type rhyolites in the Songliao Basin, suggesting that they were originated from a juvenile continental crust. They were most likely derived from the partial melting of anhydrous lower crust instead of differentiation of mantle-derived or mixing with alkaline basaltic magma, due to their low Mg# and absence of the coeval mafic rocks. Combined with the previous studies, A-type rhyolites in the Yingcheng Formation erupted lasting at least 10 Myr and were widely distributed in the rifts of the Songliao Basin. We propose that the Yingcheng rhyolites were most likely generated from the rollback of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate in the Early Cretaceous, thus highlighting the significance of the subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate during the secular evolution of the Songliao Basin. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Article 2023 English 00721050 10.1002/gj.4662 Geological Journal 58 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 1342 – 1365 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources and School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China; Shandong Provincial No. 4 Institute of Geological and Mineral Survey, Weifang, China 4 China; Songliao Basin; borehole; Cretaceous; geodynamics; hafnium; isotopic composition; neodymium isotope; petrogenesis; rhyolite; strontium isotope; uranium-lead dating; volcanic rock https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144014016&doi=10.1002%2fgj.4662&partnerID=40&md5=656a564920fefec31b3f16b8252130b5 Cited by: 0 Zhao Zhang Feng Huang Jifeng Xu Xijun Liu Liying Zhang Man Zhang Xuli Yang Yunchuan Zeng Qian Liu article Qin2024168 Article 2023 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2023.06.06 Quaternary Sciences 43 1573-1583 6 X. Ma S. Li R. Chu Q. Fang M. Shi H. Wu article Yin2023205 Lithology identification is an important task in oil and gas exploration. In recent years, machine learning methods have become a powerful tool for intelligent lithology identification. To address the redundancy of conventional logging data and unbalanced distribution among formation lithology classes due to the complexity of depositional environment and inhomogeneity of subsurface space, this paper investigates the affiliation-weighted one-to-one support vector machine (WOVOSVM) lithology identification method based on geochemical logging data. This method uses geochemical logging data, which can directly reflect the formation lithology information, as input, and achieves intelligent and accurate lithology classification under the calculation of WOVOSVM. In this study, Shahezi Formation of Songke 2 Well in Songliao Basin, China is taken as the experimental object, and two data sets with different distribution characteristics are selected as the input. Use WOVOSVM, Adaboost, random forest (RF) and traditional support vector machine (SVM) to identify lithology, and compare and analyze the results. The results are as follows: (1) Accuracy metrics of most of the four classification models were above 60%, indicating the geochemical logging data can effectively reflect the formation lithology information, which is a reliable indicator for the intelligent identification of logging lithology. (2) When the data set has a strong imbalance, the lithology recognition performance of WOVOSVM is better than other methods, the average value of accuracy metrics is more than 72%, F1 value is 8.77% to 14.56% higher than other models, especially in the small sample lithology category recognition, 70% of the samples are correctly classified. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. Article 2023 English 18650473 10.1007/s12145-022-00932-2 Earth Science Informatics 16 Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH 205 – 220 1 China; Songliao Basin; geochemical method; identification method; lithology; logging (geophysics); machine learning; support vector machine; weight https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146039359&doi=10.1007%2fs12145-022-00932-2&partnerID=40&md5=c75291f59ddf2f144432b80382888411 Cited by: 2 Shitao Yin Xiaochun Lin Yongjian Huang Zhifeng Zhang Xiang Li article Wu2023712 The Earth’s geologic record of Milankovitch cycles closely tracks Solar System solutions for the past 50 million years. Prior to 50 million years ago (Ma), however, the solutions lose accuracy rapidly due to chaotic behavior of the Solar System. Here we reconstruct a 10.173 million year-long record from 82.358 Ma to 92.531 Ma of Earth’s orbital parameters from a continental lacustrine sequence in the Songliao Basin, China, constrained by four in situ high-resolution radioisotopic U-Pb ages and magnetic reversal stratigraphy. Analysis of thorium and ostracode shell abundance records from the Songliao Basin reveal evidence for two chaotic secular resonance transitions in the orbital motions of Earth and Mars from 85.2 Ma to 91.55 Ma. The evidence validates similar observations in western North American marine stratigraphy. A unique phasing between the observed orbital eccentricity and obliquity modulations may explain the anoxic events that occurred in both marine and continental environments during this time. Taken together, the continental and marine stratigraphic evidence demonstrates a strong global reach of Late Cretaceous Milankovitch cycles, and provides an important constraint on Solar System chaoticity and the calculation of accurate orbital solutions prior to 50 Ma. © 2022 Geological Society of America Article 2023 English 00167606 10.1130/B36340.1 Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 135 Geological Society of America 712 – 724 3-4 China; Songliao Basin; Binary alloys; Earth (planet); Lead alloys; Orbits; Uranium alloys; Chaotic behaviour; High resolution; Lacustrine sequence; Late cretaceous; Magnetic reversal; Milankovitch cycle; Orbital parameters; Songliao basin; System solution; U-Pb ages; age determination; chaotic dynamics; Cretaceous; Earth; Mars; reconstruction; solar cycle; solar system; stratigraphy; uranium-lead dating; Stratigraphy https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137554418&doi=10.1130%2fB36340.1&partnerID=40&md5=e9dc03cdd9b5afe9fd86adc84c82ad85 Cited by: 17; All Open Access, Green Open Access Huaichun Wu Linda A. Hinnov Shihong Zhang Ganqing Jiang Tianshui Yang Haiyan Li Dangpeng Xi Xiaojuan Ma Chengshan Wang article Jiang2023 Article 2023 10.1029/2023GL103055 Geophysical Research Letters 50 8 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85158927924&doi=10.1029%2f2023GL103055&partnerID=40&md5=181e2d69dd15efe0791ff1b81a2cb2f2 Cited by: 9; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Guangzheng Jiang Yuntao Tian Qingtian Lv Mike Sandiford Yizuo Shi Changchun Zou Feng Ma Chenglong Deng Lijuan He Shengbiao Hu article Zou20231 Article 2023 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.101 Geoscience 37 1 – 14 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168809912&doi=10.19657%2fj.geoscience.1000-8527.2022.101&partnerID=40&md5=6d40d28c19ac3e47daa93872702a4ab6 Cited by: 5 Changchun Zou Chengshan Wang Cheng Peng Caowei Wu Yuan Gao article Li2023164 Article 2023 10.1016/j.gr.2023.03.016 Gondwana Research 119 164 – 171 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151832947&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2023.03.016&partnerID=40&md5=6a067844bded85d332f4a19e01b5d719 Cited by: 5 Ming-Rui Li Rui Gao Jian-Bo Zhou Simon A Wilde He-Sheng Hou Xiao-Fan Deng article Peng2023 Article 2023 10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111428 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 614 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149679723&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2023.111428&partnerID=40&md5=36f4ec22c10146ac453d4d705439298d Cited by: 2 Cheng Peng Changchun Zou Huaichun Wu Shuxia Zhang Kouamelan Serge Kouamelan Chengshan Wang article Yang20231296 Based on the deep cores of Well Songke-2 (SK-2), uniaxial compression tests of deep rock from 8 different depths in the 4900–6830 m range were carried out, and deformation and failure characteristics were analyzed in detail. It was found that in the range of 4900–6830 m, the mechanical parameters of uniaxial compression tests of rocks changed nonlinearly with depth, and the strength was positively correlated with the hard mineral content. Comparing the rock failure of these samples with the 4500–7000 m core disc segment in SK-2, it was found that the failure of magmatic rock samples in both cases was smoother than that of sedimentary rock, indicating that deep magmatic rocks more easily released energy during the failure process. From depths of 4900–6000 m, prepeak characteristic stresses increased with increasing depth, while from depths of 6000–6830 m, they decreased with increasing depth. Fracture closure stress was used to characterize rock sampling damage at depths of 1000–6830 m, and it was found that sampling damage varied linearly with burial depth in sedimentary strata, while in igneous strata, sampling damage remained stable with increasing burial depth. © 2023, Central South University. Article 2023 English 20952899 10.1007/s11771-023-5310-z Journal of Central South University 30 Central South University of Technology 1296 – 1310 4 Minerals; Sedimentary rocks; Sedimentology; Burial depths; Characteristic stress; Deep rocks; Deformation and failures; Different depth; Magmatic rock; Mechanical behavior; Sampling damage; Uni-axial compression tests; Well songke-2; Compression testing https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160213574&doi=10.1007%2fs11771-023-5310-z&partnerID=40&md5=7498e89445e9dcb0af433417e0feb1f2 Cited by: 0 Ming-qing Yang Jia-nan Li Ming-zhong Gao Ling Chen Cong Li Zhi-qiang He Zi-jie Wei He-ping Xie article Liu2023 Article 2023 10.3390/min13010005 Minerals 13 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146670146&doi=10.3390%2fmin13010005&partnerID=40&md5=cac2c6be9db96a26b4d65e4915bc80e3 Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Zhenwu Liu Yuke Liu Xuejia Du Dan Lyu Huaichun Wu Huajian Wang article Qin2024168 Article 2022 10.3981/j.issn.1000-7857.2022.13.003 Science & Technology Review 40 27-35 13 Z. Wang W. Wang L. Zhang Z. Xi D. An H. Yin J. Yan article Chen2022 Deep-time records from greenhouse climate periods (e.g., the Late Cretaceous) provide a reference point for understanding how high atmospheric CO2 concentrations influence precipitation in the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere (e.g., East Asia). In this study, we quantitatively reconstruct mean annual precipitation (MAP) in East Asia during the latest Cretaceous through the earliest Paleogene (~76–65.5 Ma), based on a well-studied paleosol sequence from the Sifangtai and Mingshui Formations from the SK-1n scientific borehole in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. We use several proxies, including sedimentary-based observational proxies (e.g., depth to the calcic horizon, DTC) and elemental geochemistry proxies in the paleosol B horizon (e.g., the chemical index of alteration minus potassium, CIA-K; the calcium‑magnesium weathering index, CALMAG), which show the consistency with weathering proxies and previously published isotopic records. Changes in the MAP are associated with warming and cooling events. In the warciaming period (e.g., at ~69.5–68.5 Ma), an increase in the land-sea thermal contrast led to an expanded, enhanced, poleward-shifted thermal low-pressure system over the East Asian continent, which triggered an enhanced hydrological cycle and increasing MAP in the Songliao Basin. During the cooling period (e.g., at ~72.5–69.5 Ma and ~68.5–66.5 Ma), weakened East Asian monsoon and strengthened equatorward-shifted westerlies allowed for colder and arid air masses to encroach upon the Songliao Basin, which led to decreased MAP. Changes in MAP across the K-Pg boundary coincide with climate fluctuations and catastrophic geological events. Furthermore, our work compares three warming intervals in deep-time (middle Maastrichtian, late Maastrichtian and earliest Paleogene) with Shared Socio-economic Pathway scenarios used by the IPCC for the end of the 21st century, and indicates MAP increases in East Asia with ongoing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Article 2022 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103900 Global and Planetary Change 216 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouses; Cretaceous; East Asia; Greenhouse climates; Late cretaceous; Mean annual precipitation; Midlatitudes; Palaeosols; Paleogene; Songliao basin; Time records; air mass; carbon dioxide; concentration (composition); cooling; Cretaceous; hydrological cycle; low pressure system; Northern Hemisphere; paleosol; precipitation (climatology); proxy climate record; warming; Weathering https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135345767&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2022.103900&partnerID=40&md5=de7da9654d6610d6df513b902c6a426d Cited by: 2 Jiquan Chen Yuan Gao Daniel E. Ibarra Jianming Qin Chengshan Wang article Horsfield202216750 Free hydrogen detected in the Songke-2 well (Songliao Basin, China) has a strong crustal contribution. Here we evaluate whether the source could be the organic matter in Lower Cretaceous coals and shales, and extend our findings regionally. We could establish the rapid growth of aromatic ring systems, forming hydrogen, methane and pyrobitumen, using high resolution mass spectrometry. Molecular hydrogen is generated after late hydrocarbon gas generation is complete, concluding at Rr = 5.0%. The kinetic parameters of molecular hydrogen formation were constructed by subtracting the hydrogen associated with hydrocarbon formation from the total hydrogen, as measured by extensive open system pyrolysis experiments. This new insight was achieved using a CH4–H2 stoichiometric balance. Generalised calculations indicate that the yield per unit rock volume closely resembles that of economic shale gas in the Barnett Shale, though storage in organic matrices is unlikely in this depositional setting. While the prolific generation of hydrogen from organic sources appears to be a reality in the Songliao basin, the free H2 in the Songke-2 mudstream coming from this source must most likely have migrated into the basement rocks mainly from lateral equivalents of the Shahezi rather than from the drilled section itself. © 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC 2022 English 03603199 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.208 International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 47 Elsevier Ltd 16750-16774 GEOS4 GmbH, Peter-Huchel-Chaussee 88, Michendorf, 14552, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China; Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) Geozentrum Hannover, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany; Chair of Petroleum Geology, Montanuniversitaet LeobenA-8700, Austria; German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany 38 Hydrogen storage; Kinetic theory; Molecular physics, Aromatization and cracking; Hydrogen trapping; Hydrogen trapping and storage; Kinetic models; Molecular hydrogen; Natural maturity series; Natural organic hydrogen; Natural organics; Organic sources; Songliao basin, Mass spectrometry https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129771924&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijhydene.2022.02.208&partnerID=40&md5=e5a1dd4f7a17c18f146a593d94ebee20 cited By 5 B. Horsfield N. Mahlstedt P. Weniger D. Misch S. Vranjes-Wessely S. Han C. Wang article Zhang2022 The mechanisms of short-term (105–106 years) and high-magnitude (>20 m) sea-level oscillations have long been debated involving glacio- and aquifer-eustasy, largely owing to the sparse robust evidence for the presence and significance of aquifer-eustasy, and lack of knowledge about the hydrological dynamics behind it. Non-marine/continental greenhouse archives (e.g., lake level) and their temporal correlation to marine successions (e.g., sea level) could provide clues to aquifer-eustasy. The Songliao Basin (SLB) in Northeast China is one of the largest Mesozoic terrestrial inland basins and provides a terrestrial archive of nearly all Cretaceous successions. The greenhouse late Santonian–early Campanian lower Nenjiang Formation (K2n1+2), recovered from three boreholes in the SLB, provides a unique opportunity for validating and decoding aquifer-eustasy. Initially, the cyclostratigraphy of logging gamma ray (GR) and thorium (Th) series from three boreholes was implemented, which in conjunction with precise geochronological (U/Pb zircon) ages renewed the chronology framework of the SLB. Using the astronomically tuned GR and Th datasets, the lake level of the SLB, which was recovered from sedimentary noise modeling and presented as a proxy for the water table of the groundwater reservoir, showed a clear out-of-phase relationship with the coeval sea level, validating the aquifer-eustasy hypothesis. The lake level of SLB shows prominent ∼1.2 Myr cycles and a well-coupled relationship with sea level and obliquity modulation, indicating that orbital obliquity drove the lake level and modulated water exchange between ocean and continent during the Cretaceous greenhouse period. Strong precipitation events indicated by negative excursions of ostracod δ18O correlate well with high lake levels, high obliquity, and low sea level, suggesting that more moisture was precipitated into the high-latitude continents during obliquity modulation maxima, consequently recharging the aquifer and raising the lake level while drawing down the sea level and vice versa. The close correlation between the reported marine incursion layers and the lowstand of sea level casts a doubt on the marine incursion hypothesis in the SLB; thus, more work is needed to reconcile this paradox. Overall, this study provides the first robust geological evidence for aquifer-eustasy and decodes its role in Cretaceous short-term eustasy. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Article 2022 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117800 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 596 Elsevier B.V. Boreholes; Gamma rays; Geochronology; Greenhouses; Groundwater resources; Lakes; Modulation; Reservoirs (water); Sea level; Zircon; Aquifer-eustasy; Cretaceous; Eustasy; Gamma-rays; Lake levels; Marine incursion; Nenjiang formation; Obliquity; The songliao basin; Aquifers https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134320958&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2022.117800&partnerID=40&md5=497e006cecc5322eba153e2b283b0ab0 Cited by: 7 Zhifeng Zhang Yongjian Huang Mingsong Li Xiang Li Pengcheng Ju Chengshan Wang article Liu2022 In this study, we discuss the methods and results for the tectonolayer of a hydrocarbon basin using airborne gravity and magnetic data in the Qijia-Gulong area of the Songliao Basin. Using the latest airborne gravity and magnetic data combined with seismic and drilling data, we determined the density and magnetic measurement data of strata (rocks) in the study area. Next, density and structural stratifications were conducted. The structural sections of the strata-structure-magmatic rocks in the shallow, middle, and deep strata of the basin were determined, and a three-dimensional framework with multiple levels of the basin was constructed. Combining qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, we explained the depths of the bottom of the Cenozoic layer, the bottom of the Upper Cretaceous layer, the bottom of the Mesozoic layer, and the top of the magnetic basement. We also determined the thicknesses of the Cenozoic layer, the Upper Cretaceous layer, the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous layer, and the Upper Paleozoic layer. These provide important achievements for the new petroliferous strata survey of regional Upper Paleozoic and Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous strata. At the same time, it provides a new exploration method for studying are as with magmatic rocks and unclear deep seismic reflections. The results show that the new Upper Paleozoic strata (with a thickness of 0–9200 m) are mainly distributed in the central and eastern regions but absent in the western region. This yields significant differences in different regions of the study area. The thickness and depth of the Upper Jurassic-lower Cretaceous layer were different between the eastern and western regions; thicker and deeper in the middle eastern region but thinner and shallower in the western region. © 2022, The Editorial Department of APPLIED GEOPHYSICS. All rights reserved. 2022 English 16727975 10.1007/s11770-022-0970-2 Applied Geophysics Higher Education Press Limited Company China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Nature Resources, 31 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Geo-Exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Oil and Gas Engineering Research Institute of Jilin Oilfield Company, Jilin Jilin, 138000, China https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131597101&doi=10.1007%2fs11770-022-0970-2&partnerID=40&md5=0e43f709a812f1f1206f12886962fdeb cited By 2 Y.-X. Liu W.-Y. Li G.-Q. Ma A.-Q. Cao S. Gao N. Wang W.-F. Lu L.-J. Wang C. Yang article Li2022 The International Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin has recovered a complete Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary record in northeastern China, providing a unique opportunity to understand the terrestrial climate change during the Cretaceous period. In this study, we present high-resolution geochemical records from Members 3 and 4 of the Quantou Formation in the SK-1 South borehole. The findings show that samples from Members 3 and 4 of the Quantou Formation originated from a source area of a homogeneous composition. Most of the samples were sediments that underwent the first round of weathering. The geochemical proxies (Th, CIA, CIW, τNa) and average value of the CIA proxy indicate that the strata have been subjected to moderate chemical weathering. The weathering intensity trend was divided into four evolutionary stages based on the CIA proxy: the steady lower part (1915–1878 m), the slowly rising lower and middle part (1878–1815 m), the middle and upper part (1815–1800 m) showing the highest values, and the gently fluctuating upper part (1800–1783 m). Precession, obliquity, and short-eccentricity signals were recognized in the proxies of Th, τNa, corrected CIA, and corrected CIW from Members 3 and 4 of the Quantou Formation, including about seven short-eccentricity cycle periods with a duration of ∼700 ka. The high peaks in short-eccentricity correspond to the high values of Th, corrected CIA, and corrected CIW proxies, and are consistent with the amplitudes of precession signals preserved in τNa during humid periods. During strong precession, the enhanced seasonal contrasts increased humidity, which intensified chemical weathering. The paleoclimatic pattern of interaction between the monsoon-like system and westerlies in the Cretaceous Songliao Basin may be the underlying interpretation that causes cyclic variation in the chemical weathering proxies in Members 3 and 4 of the Quantou Formation. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Article 2022 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103982 Global and Planetary Change 218 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; Climate change; Geochemistry; Chemical weathering; Continental scientific drillings; Drilling projects; Late cretaceous; Orbital forcing; Paleoclimate change; Paleoclimatic pattern; Quantou formation; Sedimentary records; Songliao basin; chemical weathering; Cretaceous; orbital forcing; paleoclimate; seasonal variation; Weathering https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141223954&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2022.103982&partnerID=40&md5=49472791b4d84601740706b1a111f43f Cited by: 1 Xiang Li Yongjian Huang Zhifeng Zhang Chengshan Wang Tianshui Yang article Tian20223543 Article 2022 10.3799/dqkx.2022.248 Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 47 3543 – 3568 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85141677454&doi=10.3799%2fdqkx.2022.248&partnerID=40&md5=7363bd8a45ecd6589ad50e46e8a722f6 Cited by: 17; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Jun Tian Huaichun Wu Chunju Huang Mingsong Li Chao Ma Pinxian Wang article Fu20222346 Well SK-2 is located in the Songliao Basin. Core samples from this well indicate that the Early Cretaceous Shahezi Formation has a length of 2,359.01 m and is in direct contact with the basin basement of the Middle Triassic, missing the Huoshiling Formation. This paper is focused on the lowest sequence 1 (S1, at the bottom of the Shahezi Formation, interval of 5,450.72–5,695.00 m, a length of 244.28 m) of the Cretaceous basin fills. It was found that the volcanic components contributed important parts in the sequence of basin fills, and the start of the rifting resulted from the combination of regional extensional tectonics and volcanism. Based on the centimetre-scale description of the continuous core samples, we propose a model to delineate the interaction between tectonics, volcanism, and pyroclastic deposition. The study shows the tectonic-volcanism in the earliest rifting stages and its control on sedimentary filling. These results also have common sense for the initial rifting process of a continental half-graben basin. Sequence 1 of the Shahezi Formation in well SK-2 shows a typical volcanic- sedimentary sequence. During the lowstand stage, the weathering-depositional system was controlled by extension; during the transgressive and highstand stages, the transitional weathering-depositional system and the mixed volcanic and weathering depositional system were controlled by transtension. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2022 English 00721050 10.1002/gj.4414 Geological Journal 57 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 2346-2364 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun, China; Paleontology and Stratigraphy Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun, China 6 Cretaceous; graben; lithofacies; provenance; pyroclastic deposit; tectonics; transtension; Triassic; volcanism; weathering, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124623900&doi=10.1002%2fgj.4414&partnerID=40&md5=ad23605e91a2335352c46729ad54a20f cited By 1 Y. Fu R. Cheng Y. Gao Y. Zhou Z. Xu article Zheng20222075 Well Songke−2 is the main hole of the Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Songliao Basin, China, and its bottom hole temperature is estimated to exceed 240°C in the fourth spud at the well depth of 5800 m. To ensure that the drilling fluid could meet the demand of high temperature resistance, different components, including clay, filtration reducers and anti−collapse additives, of the high–temperature drilling fluid system were optimized through thermal stability tests. Comprehensive test results suggested that the optimal bentonite content to be 4% (w/v). Compared with other materials of the same type, polymer filtration reducers SO−1 and HLW−1, as well as sulfonation additive LOCKSEAL were demonstrated to have stronger resistance to high temperature. The proposed high temperature drilling fluid formula exhibited good thermal stability, rheological behaviour, anti−contamination capacity and shale inhibition property. Finally, a great success of the formula was practically obtained in the field application during the following−up core drilling project. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2022 English 15567036 10.1080/15567036.2019.1649323 Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 44 Taylor and Francis Ltd. 2075-2087 School of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan, Wuhan, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining Technology (Beijing), Beijing, China 1 Additives; Bentonite; Drilling fluids; Infill drilling; Thermodynamic stability, Bottom hole temperatures; Continental scientific drillings; Drilling fluid systems; High temperature resistance; High temperature stability; Research and application; Rheological behaviour; Songliao basin, Core drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070465069&doi=10.1080%2f15567036.2019.1649323&partnerID=40&md5=b500da8a21f4dacac58367f4da1f368b cited By 3 W. Zheng X. Wu Y. Huang article Yang20222080 For more extensive and efficient sea-level and lake-level reconstructions and correlations in siliciclastic systems, this paper presents a new tool called SediRate-Fischer plot (SR-Fischer plot). In SR-Fischer plots, the linear-corrected sedimentary rate of each terrigenous sedimentary cycle is plotted from the top of the previous cycle to the top of the current cycle. This process is repeated cycle by cycle, constructing curves of cumulative departure from mean sedimentary rate (CDMR). Based on the assumption that relative sea-level and lake-level changes may control sedimentary rates of subaqueous terrigenous sediments within basins, the CDMR could change inversely with relative sea or lake level. Thus, this tool could be interpreted as an indicator of relative sea-level and lake-level changes in terrigenous successions. SediRate-Fischer plots can be obtained from either lithological or proxy cycles formed by sea-level and lake-level changes in the case of availability of orbitally tuned data. The SR-Fischer plots constructed based on different materials are compared with other methods in two cases, as follows: first for the lacustrine Mingshui Formation of the Songliao Basin in China; and second for the deep-marine Arcillas de Gibraleón Formation of the Guadalquivir Basin in Spain. The SR-Fischer plots of the Mingshui Formation exhibit low and high CDMR values for shallow-lake intervals and lakeshore intervals, respectively, and vary inversely with the lake-level curves derived from changes in sedimentary facies. For the Arcillas de Gibraleón Formation, the CDMR values illustrated by the SR-Fischer plots exhibit opposite variations with sea-level curves indicated by dinocyst/pollen ratios. The negative Z-scores derived from runs tests indicate that these SR-Fischer plots are not randomly stacked and are minimally influenced by different cycle-splitting strategies. Thus, the results of comparison with other methods and runs tests demonstrate the validity of this method. Nonetheless, the other allogenic inflows (tectonics and climates) may limit interpretations of SR-Fischer plots. © 2022 International Association of Sedimentologists. Article 2022 English 00370746 10.1111/sed.12983 Sedimentology 69 John Wiley and Sons Inc 2080 – 2098 5 Andalucia; China; Guadalquivir Basin; Songliao Basin; Spain; Lakes; Lithology; Sea level; Fischer plot; Guadalquivir basin; Lake level changes; Lake levels; Orbital tuning; Relative sea level; Run test; Sedimentary cycles; Sedimentary rate; Songliao basin; facies; lake level; lithology; sea level change; terrigenous deposit; Sedimentology https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127230939&doi=10.1111%2fsed.12983&partnerID=40&md5=af4e0826f2a19fcdea4231c6c0902f21 Cited by: 2 Daming Yang Yongjian Huang Chengshan Wang article Song2022 Article 2022 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101377 Geoscience Frontiers 13 3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126981449&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2022.101377&partnerID=40&md5=de1d71dfa99c306bd23adcf42791c3af Cited by: 18; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Ying Song Jianye Ren Keyu Liu Dawei Lyu Xinjie Feng Yuan Liu Andrei Stepashko article Shen2022 We developed an integrated chronology for the non-marine Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation based on high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results and previously published secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon analyses of the eastern borehole of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD-SK-II) borehole and two outcrop sections located in different structural provinces of the Songliao Basin, China. Detailed rock magnetic results demonstrated that pseudo-single-domain magnetite and single-domain greigite coexisted in the lacustrine black shales of the Nenjiang Formation, with the latter dominating remanence carriers. The reliable primary remanent magnetizations were isolated, which passed a class A positive reversal test and positive bootstrap reversal test, after correction for inclination shallowing, yielding a high-quality paleopole of 79.6°N/208.4°E, A95 = 2.3°. The borehole sequence and outcrop sections were stratigraphically correlated by combining lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and SIMS U–Pb zircon geochronology. The correlation of the recognized magnetic polarity sequences to the geomagnetic polarity timescale suggests that the Nenjiang Formation from the CCSD-SK-II borehole sequence and the two outcrop sections span from very late chron C34n to very early chron C33r. Furthermore, the age of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS) termination can be constrained to 82.7 ± 0.6 Ma based on magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dating, and the perfect/typical averaged sediment accumulation rate for Member 1 of the Nenjiang Formation of the borehole sequence. The estimated age obtained in this study accurately represents the age at CNS termination. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd 2022 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105213 Cretaceous Research 135 Academic Press State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100044, China; CAS Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China accuracy assessment; age determination; borehole geophysics; chronostratigraphy; Cretaceous; error correction; geochronology; lithostratigraphy; magnetic susceptibility; magnetostratigraphy; uranium; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127358163&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2022.105213&partnerID=40&md5=43db93aa377ea684b537bb6e5f445cf8 cited By 3 Z. Shen Z. Yu H. Ye C. Deng H. He article Wu2022 Article 2022 10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105193 Cretaceous Research 135 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128187323&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2022.105193&partnerID=40&md5=e583a0b2a38caea5e31a4ec4bc766025 Cited by: 1 Yixiao Wu Jianguo Li Miaoqin Lin Eva Koppelhus article Shi2022962 Heat flow data are essential for understanding lithospheric dynamics. As a petroliferous basin, a large number of boreholes have been drilled during hydrocarbon exploration and production in the northern part of Songliao Basin, Northeast China. Meanwhile, the data on crustal structures, core samples and formation temperatures have been accumulated, which provide an opportunity for understanding the thermal state of the basin. Based on the temperature data from both Drilling Stem Test and continuous steady-state logging profiles, together with the systematic analysis of the thermal properties of rock samples, we present a new heat flow map of the northern Songliao Basin with significantly increased number of heat flow sites. The northern Songliao Basin is characterized by relatively high geothermal gradients and high heat flow for sedimentary basins. The heat flow values range from 44.4 to 95.0 mW m-2 with an average of 67.2 ± 12.8 mW m-2, and the geothermal gradients range from 21 to 59 °C km-1 with an overall average of 41.7 °C km-1. Heat production from sedimentary covers accounts for about 4.5 mW m-2 at the site of Well SK-2. Furthermore, based on the crustal structures revealed by previous seismic studies, lithospheric thermal structures are analysed and compared among different structural units of the basin. A thinned thermal lithosphere with a thickness of ∼65 km is found beneath the Central downwarp and the Southeast uplift in which a large part of the heat flow is mantle derived. The Western Slope exhibits a moderate heat flow value and a thicker thermal lithosphere with thickness greater than 110 km. From the perspective of the geothermal state of the lithosphere, the regional geodynamics related to the Mesozoic lithosphere stretching and the subduction of the Pacific Plate are discussed. © 2021 The Author(s). 2022 English 0956540X 10.1093/gji/ggab500 Geophysical Journal International 229 Oxford University Press 962-983 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610059, China; School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163318, China; School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China 2 Geodynamics; Geothermal energy; Infill drilling; Petroleum prospecting; Sedimentology; Structural geology, Asia; Composition and structure of the continental crust; Dynamics of lithosphere and mantles; Heat generation and transports; Heat-flow; Lithospheric; Northeast China; Sedimentary basin process; Songliao basin, Heat transfer, continental crust; crustal structure; geodynamics; heat flow; heat transfer; lithosphere; mantle; sedimentary basin, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131666910&doi=10.1093%2fgji%2fggab500&partnerID=40&md5=4194709aa0cab53b8cff465484990859 cited By 1 Y. Shi G. Jiang S. Shi Z. Wang S. Wang S. Hu article Han20223271 With large cumulative thickness and obvious gas-bearing characteristics, the Songliao Continental Scientific Drilling SK-2 Well has many anomalous gas logging intervals in deep Shahezi formation, revealing that the deep lacustrine shale strata has good prospects for exploration in the Songliao Basin. Using conventional and special logging methods, combined with the core test data, shale reservoir evaluation was carried out in 3 700 − 4 500 m interval of Shahezi formation,logging curve overlay and intersection graph methods were used to identify shale gas reservoirs, the parameters of total organic carbon mass fraction(w(TOC)), porosity, permeability, brittleness and total gas content of shale reservoirs were analyzed quantitatively and interpretation models and calculation methods were established. The results show that the deep lacustrine Shahezi shale gas reservoirs show the characteristics of high natural gamma, high resistivity, low uranium(U), low sonic differential time, low density and low compensation neutrons. The w(TOC) is high in part intervals of 3 700−4 500 m, and the average w(TOC) of some intervals is above 2%. The porosity is between 0.28% − 8.45%, the permeability is (0.002 − 0.509) ×10−3 μm2, the brittleness index is in the range of 19.86%−67.87%, and the total gas content is 1.79−2.57 m3/t. Generally, the deep lacustrine shale reservoirs are characterized by low porosity and low permeability in Songliao Basin and there are many gas-bearing intervals. The 3 722−3 762 m, 3 820−3 860 m, 4 100−4 150 m and 4 400−4 460 m intervals are classified as Type I gas-bearing reservoirs, and the 3 890−3 940 m, 4 220−4 280 m and 4 320−4 360 m intervals are Type II gas-bearing reservoirs, which have the potential for shale gas resource development. © 2022 Central South University of Technology. All rights reserved. Article 2022 Chinese 16727207 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2022.09.001 Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 53 Central South University of Technology 3271 – 3286 9 Brittleness; Energy resources; Fracture mechanics; Gas permeability; Gases; Low permeability reservoirs; Oil bearing formations; Organic carbon; Petroleum prospecting; Petroleum reservoir evaluation; Petrophysics; Plasticity; Shale gas; Well logging; Bearing characteristic; Case-studies; Continental scientific drillings; Gas content; Lacustrine shale; Logging evaluation; Shahezi formations; Shale gas reservoirs; SK-2 well; Songliao basin; Porosity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140354588&doi=10.11817%2fj.issn.1672-7207.2022.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=e76647d40e8d4544d06e8d3d355e3c06 Cited by: 0 Shuangbiao Han Xin Du Songtao Bai Chengshan Wang article Han2022 Multi-type unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs with different lithologies and gas accumulation potential occur in the deep part of the Songliao basin. However, the reservoirs are non-homogeneous, the gas components differ substantially, and not all types of gas-bearing reservoirs have been identified or evaluated. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) is used as an example to conduct qualitative and quantitative evaluations of deep multi-type unconventional gas-bearing reservoirs using conventional and specialized logging data. The core test data are used to determine the physical properties. The porosity and permeability are compared and analyzed using different methods and models. The results show that the reservoirs have low to ultra-low porosity and ultra-low permeability. Based on the comparison of the rock mechanical parameters and mineral composition, brittleness evaluation parameters are proposed for different types of deep reservoirs in the study region. The mineral brittleness index is highly consistent with the brittleness index based on rock mechanics. An identification method for deep multi-type gas-bearing reservoir and a classification approach for different gas properties are established based on the logging response and parameter interpretation. The methane gas reservoirs have low density (DEN) and low compensated neutron logging (CNL) values and high acoustic (AC) time difference and high resistivity (RT) values. The CO2 gas reservoirs have lower RT values and higher CNL values than the hydrocarbon gas reservoirs. The comprehensive analysis of deep gas source rock conditions and of the source-reservoir relationship provides insights for the evaluation of deep multi-type unconventional gas reservoirs. The discovery of high hydrogen content is of significant importance for developing new areas for deep natural gas exploration. © 2022 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University Article 2022 English 16749871 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101451 Geoscience Frontiers 13 Elsevier B.V. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China; China Petroleum Logging Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710077, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China 6 China; Songliao Basin; drilling; hydrocarbon exploration; hydrocarbon reservoir; logging (geophysics); natural gas; reservoir characterization https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136114571&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2022.101451&partnerID=40&md5=03867a5a25307a89512458778d54394f Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Shuangbiao Han Chaohan Xiang Xin Du Linfeng Xie Songtao Bai Chengshan Wang article Gu2022 The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary mass extinction is commonly attributed to the Chicxulub impact and/or the Deccan Traps (DT) volcanism, but the underlying trigger remains uncertain. The lack of detailed identification of the DT eruptive pluses impedes the full assessment of their relationship to the K-Pg boundary mass extinction. Here we present the first mercury (Hg) chemostratigraphy records on the paleo Asian plate, coupled with climatic and biotic data, to constrain the effects of the DT on the Late Cretaceous climate change and mass extinction. In northern China, a total Hg (THg) spike follows warming caused by the DT volcanism and corresponds to the significant species losses. Our study suggests that this most intense pulse of the DT (~50 kyr duration) occurred just before the K-Pg boundary and suggests that it contributed to the end-Cretaceous mass extinction in northern China. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. 2022 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2022.103772 Global and Planetary Change 210 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China; Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary Natural Resources Canada, 3303 33rd Street NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada Boundary mass; Chemostratigraphy; Deccan trap volcanism; End-cretaceous mass extinction; Hg chemostratigraphy; Hg isotope; K-pg boundaries; Mass extinction; Northern China; Volcanic activities, Climate change, chemostratigraphy; climate change; Cretaceous; Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary; Deccan Traps; mass extinction; volcanism, China https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124808935&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2022.103772&partnerID=40&md5=bbc965d61a36b23605c587ec70291618 cited By 2 X. Gu L. Zhang R. Yin S.E. Grasby H. Yao J. Tan C. Wang article Zhang2022654 The SK-2 of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) in the Songliao Basin recorded the Cretaceous continental sedimentary data. The continuous, multi-parameter, high-resolution geophysical logging data provided an opportunity to study the variation in sedimentation rate in the Songliao Basin. In this study, we used GR, Th, K, and Th/K logging data to calculate the sedimentation rate using the astronomical cycle method and discussed the main controlling factors affecting sediment formation. Spectral analysis results of various logging data showed that the Denglouku Formation has recorded the information of the great Milankovitch cycle information, and the sedimentation process is affected by the driving force of the astronomical orbit. Th data are highly sensitive to astronomical period information, and comprehensively considering the results of various logging data, a continuous and relatively accurate sedimentation rate has been obtained. The sedimentation rate showed a trend from high to low with depth from bottom to top. Sedimentation of the second to third members of the Denglouku Formation was mainly controlled by the faulting activities of the basin, and the overall sedimentation rate was high, reaching a maximum of 16.2 cm/ka. From then on to the fourth member of the Denglouku Formation, the basin transformed into a regional depression structure owing to the gradual weakening of the rifting activity, and the formation had a low sedimentation rate; the lowest rate was 5.9 cm/ka. This study established a continuous sedimentation rate profile of the Denglouku Formation from CCSD SK-2, which provided logging evidence for revealing the geological law of the transition from rifting activity to depression activity in the Songliao Basin. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved. 2022 Chinese 10063021 10.3975/cagsb.2022.061602 Acta Geoscientica Sinica 43 Science Press 654-664 Key Laboratory of Geo-detection, Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Well-Tech Department of China Oilfield Services Limited, Langfang, 065201, China 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138637251&doi=10.3975%2fcagsb.2022.061602&partnerID=40&md5=d8b9a7c66522f4a9e059f56df213dad0 cited By 0 H.-D. Zhang C.-C. Zou C. Peng Y.-Q. Yang article Han2022449 There are multiple gas logging anomalies in the Shahezi Formation, Songliao Basin, indicating its tight gas potential. However, deep tight reservoirs in the area have strong heterogeneity, thin thickness, interlayer development and various types. Based on the analysis of conventional well log of well SK-2, we used elemental capture spectroscopy (ECS) well logging to finely retrieve the mineral component content for accurate lithology identification, and subsequently identified five types of reservoirs by crossplot analysis. Combined with petrophysical experimental data, we further obtained the reservoir evaluation parameters such as variable skeleton porosity, brittleness index, and organic carbon content, which allowed us to categorize the reservoirs into three groups based on the well logging data and comprehensive evaluation indexes. In the Shahezi Formation (3730-4500 m), the porosity values range between 5%-9%, and the brittleness indexes range between 45%-60%. TOC of adjacent source rock is generally high, with relatively large accumulative thickness, and depth intervals at 3798-3831, 3950-3990 and 4150-4200 m show favorable tight gas potential for exploration and development. We demonstrated in this paper that, ECS well logging can accurately evaluate tight gas reservoirs so as to provide a reference basis for fracturing optimization in tight reservoirs. © 2022, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2022 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.sf.2021.1.60 Earth Science Frontiers 29 Science Frontiers editorial department 449 – 458 1 Brittleness; Fracture mechanics; Gases; Lithology; Organic carbon; Petroleum reservoir evaluation; Petroleum reservoirs; Plasticity; Porosity; Well logging; Brittleness index; Case-studies; Conventional well logs; Elemental capture spectroscopy; Gas logging; Gas potential; Shahezi formations; Songliao basin; Strong heterogeneities; Tight reservoir; Tight gas https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124895933&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.sf.2021.1.60&partnerID=40&md5=28cce9c69d9381040e96b0795d7ebd5e Cited by: 2 Shuangbiao Han Zhiyuan Tang Songtao Bai Lei Wan Yurun Rui Yuan Gao Yongjian Huang Chengshan Wang article Zhang2022448 The Cretaceous has been considered a “high-fire” world accompanied by widespread by-products of combustion in the rock record. The mid-Cretaceous oceanic anoxic event 1b (OAE1b) is marked by one of the major perturbations in the global carbon cycle characterized by deposition of organic-rich sediments in both marine and terrestrial settings. However, our understanding is still limited on changes in wildfire activity during OAE1b period. Here, we carried out a comprehensive analysis, including organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg), total organic carbon (TOC), coal petrology, trace elements, and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pyroPAHs), of coal seams of the middle Aptian to early Albian Shahezi Formation from borehole SK-2 in Songliao Basin, Northeast China. Two negative δ13Corg excursions in the Shahezi Formation can be corresponded with the 113/Jacob and Kilian sub-events of OAE1b. Moreover, the intensive peatland wildfires have been identified during the sub-event periods of OAE1b based on the co-occurrence of high abundance of charcoal and pyroPAHs at that time. In addition, Sr/Ba, Sr/Cu and Sr/Rb ratios demonstrate that enhanced peatland wildfires were controlled by dryer climate conditions owing to episodic northward migration of arid zones in East Asia related with rising global temperature during the sub-events of OAE1b. The climate-driven extensive wildfire activity in the mid-latitude terrestrial ecosystems can be a contributing factor for OAE1b through the increased flux of nutrients fuelling primary producers in the lake and marine environments and leading to more speculative anoxia to allow the deposition of organic-rich sediments. Our results provide essential understanding of the importance of wildfires in driving mechanism of oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) in Earth's history. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022 English 20953836 10.1016/j.jop.2022.06.002 Journal of Palaeogeography 11 Elsevier B.V. 448-467 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266590, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China 3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133760989&doi=10.1016%2fj.jop.2022.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=475829a643bbb2af68906806b84d8df3 cited By 0 Z.-H. Zhang D.-W. Lü T.-T. Wang D.-Z. An H.-Y. Liu D.-D. Wang C.-S. Wang article Ying2022909 As a method for acquiring the velocity structure of underground strata and hidden structural faults, microtremor surveying is very popular for shallow exploration in cities and villages because of its advantages of no active source, convenient survey process, and strong anti-interference ability. To explore the deep geothermal resource potential of the northern Songliao Basin in greater detail, the subsurface fine velocity structure within the burial depth range from the Nenjiang Formation to the Denglouku Formation at the bottom of the depression was obtained by using the micro motion detection method in and around Songke Well No. 2 (SK-2) south of Anda City, Heilongjiang Province. Based on the spatial autocorrelation method (SPAC), the S-wave dispersion curve was extracted from the vertical component of the micro motion signal and transformed into the apparent S-wave velocity curve. Finally, through interpolation and smooth calculation, a two-dimensional underground S-wave velocity structure section spanning 9 km and reaching 4000 m beneath the surface was obtained. Analysis of the micro motion profile revealed that the subsurface S-wave velocity generally shows a trend of high velocity in the west and low velocity in the east. There are three obvious low-speed anomaly zones with depths ranging from 1400 m to 2800-100 m in the west, 2300 m in the east, and 3700 m to the east of well SK-2-indicating that there are likely faults or hidden fault structures at these locations. By combining these data with the stratigraphic data, the Quantou and Denglouku Formations were determined as the main units in this depth range, and the lithology is mostly interbedded sandstone and mudstone. These are suitable units for hydrothermal storage. The study shows that the lateral low-velocity anomaly of the surface wave results can be used as a basis of discrimination for identifying deep geothermal water storage structures and can provide direction for further clean energy investigation in this area. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved. Article 2022 Chinese 10063021 10.3975/cagsb.2022.053001 Acta Geoscientica Sinica 43 Science Press 909 – 916 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143508983&doi=10.3975%2fcagsb.2022.053001&partnerID=40&md5=c9c5e337b7b4b014e933304740e6d4d2 Cited by: 1 Heng-Cheng Ying Hong-Qiang Li Yu-Min Zhang Zhong-Yuan Jin Jia-Duo Zhang Wei Fu Lei Gao Dong-Zhao An Zong-Dong Pan Wei Wang He-Sheng Hou article Li2022 The Songliao Basin (SLB) in Northeast China has a succession of terrestrial sedimentary deposits that span much of the Cretaceous. The sedimentary records recovered from SLB allow us to investigate the relationship between astronomically forced climate and clastic sediment accumulation in a terrestrial setting from the mid to high latitudes. Here, we compiled high-resolution X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) datasets (K/Ti, Rb/Sr, Ca/Ti), and gamma ray (GR) logging data from Member 2 of the Nenjiang Formation in the SK-1n borehole. Power spectral analysis of the GR data revealed that sedimentary cycles had wavelengths of 27.4 m, 6.56 m, 2.60 m, and 1.27 m. These wavelengths are interpreted as the orbital cycles of long-eccentricity, short-eccentricity, obliquity, and precession, respectively. We established an astronomical time scale by assuming that the 27.4 m cycles represent ~405 kyr eccentricity. We also applied correlation coefficient (COCO) analysis to identify the astronomical forcing periods. The chemical weathering history was classified by the relative changes of Rb/Sr and K/Ti ratios. The lower Rb/Sr and higher K/Ti values correspond to weak weathering, interpreted as arid periods, and vice versa. Ca/Ti ratios correlate with the humid periods and we attribute this correspondence to a salinity control on Ca/Ti. Furthermore, the unconventional 173-kyr obliquity cycle associated with the secular frequency interference of orbital inclinations between Earth and Saturn was recognized and manifested by humid/arid cliamtic oscillations, suggesting that high obliquity contributed to strengthening the hydrological cycles in SLB and bringing more precipitation and runoff towards the basin. The unique paleogeographic location and the existing paleoclimate simulations of SLB further demonstrated the existence of paleomonsoon variations in East Asia during the Late Cretaceous. © 2022 Article 2022 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111130 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 601 Elsevier B.V. China; Songliao Basin; chemical weathering; clastic sediment; correlation; Cretaceous; hydrological cycle; paleoclimate; spectral analysis https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134357006&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2022.111130&partnerID=40&md5=f051d0a8250cf79e5ab2f0827eb35bd2 Cited by: 3 Xiang Li Yongjian Huang Zhifeng Zhang Chengshan Wang article 2022 West-China Exploration Engineering 34 74-77+79 C Li B. Cheng S. Zhang H. Zhang article Mingzhong2022 Understanding in-situ stresses is the foundation for investigating deep rock mechanics. In practice, the fracture morphology of a disced core can often reflect its in-situ environment and disturbance-induced fracture process to some extent. In this study, three-dimensional dynamic scanning technology is used to reconstruct the fracture morphology of the disced cores extracted from Songke-2 as well as part of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project. The roughness of various regions of the fracture surfaces of the cores is investigated. Additionally, a parametric system is developed for the quantitative study of the integrity coefficient of the disced rock samples. Furthermore, the mechanisms and characteristics of the fractures along the stress paths are investigated. According to the findings, when shallow cores undergo discing, they have notable saddle-shaped coarse fractures, which may be related to the properties of the cores at these depths. Deep cores demonstrate discing behavior, but the generated discs are relatively thick. Deep core fracture surfaces are mostly smooth and straight, possibly propagating from the outside to the inside. Under excavation disturbance in the hydrostatic state, the extreme values of the maximum tensile stress at the core stubs show a saddle-shaped distribution. In general, the results of this study can serve as a theoretical foundation for the quantitative assessment of the intactness of disced cores. Furthermore, because disc patterns and characteristics are associated with stress states, this approach can be used to evaluate in-situ stress environments. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd 2022 English 13651609 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104976 International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 149 Elsevier Ltd Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu, 610065, China; Zhensha Hydropower Construction Management Branch of Guoneng Dadu River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd. LeshanSichuan 614700, China; State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China Fracture; Morphology; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Stresses, Deep rocks; Discing; Fracture morphology; Fracture process; Fracture surfaces; Insitu stress; Integrity coefficient of disced rock sample; Integrity coefficients; Rock sample; Songke-2 well, Fractal dimension, fracture; in situ stress; rock mechanics; surface roughness; tensile stress https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120906082&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijrmms.2021.104976&partnerID=40&md5=0f250acbc8098a85649e0f079dec7c4f cited By 53 G. Mingzhong H. Haichun X. Shouning L. Tong C. Pengfei G. Yanan X. Jing Y. Bengao X. Heping article Zhang20221756 A continuous sedimentary-volcanic core of Songliao Basin has been obtained through ultra-deep drilling of the SK2 borehole, which provides excellent materials for systematically investigating the formation of the Songliao Basin and the tectonic evolution history of Northeast China. In this study, we conducted a combined study of zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic analysis on basaltic andesite samples from SK2 borehole with depths ranging from -6035m to -6084m. These SK2 basaltic andesite samples belong to Huoshiling Formation and they were formed at Early Cretaceous (141.6±1.4Ma) according to the zircon U-Pb dating results. The SK2 basaltic andesites are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high field strength elements, and their geochemical signatures are consistent with arc magmas. These rocks show depleted Sr-Nd isotope characteristics ((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70496~0.70478, ϵNd(t)=1.05~1.61), suggesting a depleted mantle source. In the Early Cretaceous, the evolution of Northeast China was mainly controlled by the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate and the western subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Previous study has shown that the subduction of Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean induced coeval magmatism in the Great Xing'an Range, however, it is not clear whether its influence extends into the Songliao Basin. The initial subduction of Paleo-Pacific lithosphere may induce Late Mesozoic magmatism in the west of Songliao Basin. The Early Cretaceous formation and evolution of Songliao Basin were mainly affected by the activities of Mongolia Okhotsk Ocean or Paleo-Pacific lithosphere remains controversial. The Th/Hf (1.10~2.87) and Zr/Y ratios (10.1~18.7) of the SK2 basaltic andesites are similar to the within-plate basaltic magmas, we therefore suggest that SK2 samples belong to intraplate magmatism. The samples also show higher Zr, Hf and Ti contents, higher Nb/Ta ratios and more depleted Nd isotope compositions than the coeval mafic rocks in the Great Xing'an Range, indicating the SK2 samples formed in a different tectonic background. Accordingly, the Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks in Songliao Basin are most likely occurred by rollback of the subducting Paleo-Pacific Plate, while incidental lithospheric extension may promote the formation of Songliao Basin. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved. Article 2022 Chinese 10000569 10.18654/1000-0569/2022.06.14 Yanshi Xuebao/Acta Petrologica Sinica Science Press 1756 – 1770 6 Basalt; Binary alloys; Boreholes; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Lead alloys; Neodymium alloys; Strontium alloys; Tectonics; Uranium alloys; Zircon; Basaltic andesite; Early Cretaceous; Magmatisms; Northeast China; Okhotsk; Pacific plates; Rollback of the paleo-pacific plate; SK2 borehole; Songliao basin; Zircon U-Pb dating; Isotopes https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136173338&doi=10.18654%2f1000-0569%2f2022.06.14&partnerID=40&md5=2bff93cc377823b7d57db937976523a4 Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Zhao Zhang Feng Huang Jifeng Xu Yunchuan Zeng Liying Zhang Xuli Yang Man Zhang article Yang2022 Deep earth science is the basic of deep resource exploitation, and the research on the physical and mechanical characteristics of deep rock is a research hotspot at present. In order to study the physical characteristics of deep rock at different depths, based on the cores at different depths of 4900-6830 m in Songke Well 2 (SK-2), Songliao Basin, this paper carried out the study including the rock characteristics of mineral, wave velocity, density, and pore, the variation law of physical characteristics of deep rock with depth is studied, and the relationship between different physical parameters of deep rocks is explored. It is found that the core composition minerals of SK-2 at the depth of 4900-6830 m vary greatly with the depth, in which the quality of hard phase minerals accounts for a large proportion. After entering the basement stratum, the mineral content of different phases tends to be close. With the increase of depth, the wave velocity, density, and dynamic elastic modulus of rocks show a linear increase trend, and there is a positive correlation between density and wave velocity. In the range of 4900-6830 m depth, the porosity generally shows a downward trend with the increase of depth. In the range of 6000-6830 m, the porosity tends to be close to 7% with the increase of depth, indicating that formation compaction has little impact on the development of igneous pores in this formation. There is a negative correlation between wave velocity and porosity, and the empirical formula is fitted. This study can provide a reference for the exploration of deep geoscience and deep engineering practice. © 2022 Mingqing Yang et al. Article 2022 English 14688115 10.1155/2022/6070683 Geofluids 2022 Hindawi Limited China; Songliao Basin; density; depth; experimental study; mineral; physical property; porosity; rock property; wave velocity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130575059&doi=10.1155%2f2022%2f6070683&partnerID=40&md5=431f11db0a981277ec3f6e1530cb1682 Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Mingqing Yang Zhiqiang He Cong Li Bengao Yang Guikang Liu Chenghang Fu Tianyu Wang Zijie Wei article Wang2022 The Songliao Basin in Northeast Asia is the largest and longest-lived rift basin and preserves a near-continuous continental succession of the most of the Cretaceous period, providing great material to investigate the adaption of the terrestrial systems to the Cretaceous greenhouse climate and tectonic events. However, the paucity of precise and accurate radioisotopic ages from the Early Cretaceous strata of the Songliao Basin has greatly held back the temporal and causal correlation of the continental records to the global Early Cretaceous records. Three tuff layers intercalated in the Yingcheng Formation have been intercepted by the SK-2 borehole, which offer excellent materials for radioisotopic dating and calibration of the chronostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous sequence of Songliao Basin. Moreover, the Yingcheng Formation recorded the largest and the last of the two major volcanic events in Songliao Basin, which also represents a turning point in the basin evolution history of Songliao from syn-rift stage to post-rift stage. Here we report high-precision U–Pb zircon geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS technique on three tuff samples from the Yingcheng Formation of the SK-2 borehole in the Songliao Basin to construct a greatly improved, absolute age framework for the Yingcheng Formation and provide crucial age constraints for the Songliao Lower Cretaceous Strata. The new CA-ID-TIMS geochronology constrained the Yingcheng Formation at 102.571 + 0.320/−2.346 Ma to ca. 113 Ma, correlating to the Albian Stage. Combined with the previous published Songliao geochronology, the Quantou Formation is constrained to between 96.442 + 0.475/−0.086 Ma and 91.923 + 0.475/−0.086 Ma; the Denglouku Formation is constrained to between 102.571 + 0.320/−2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/−0.086 Ma; the age of the Shahezi Formation is estimated at ca. 113 Ma to ca. 118 Ma, which could extend to ca. 125 Ma in some locations in Songliao Basin. The major unconformity between the Yingcheng Formation and the Denglouku Formation, which represents the transition of the basin from syn-rift to post-rift is thus confined to between 102.571 + 0.320/−2.346 Ma and 96.442 + 0.475/−0.086 Ma. This is roughly contemporaneous with the change in the direction of the paleo-Pacific plate motion from west-southwest to north or northwest in mid-Cretaceous, suggesting their possible connections. © 2022 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University 2022 English 16749871 10.1016/j.gsf.2022.101386 Geoscience Frontiers 13 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China 4 chronostratigraphy; correlation; Cretaceous; geochronology; precision; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128253704&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2022.101386&partnerID=40&md5=df0085c22e811b6e1d06da7c3d9b61e2 cited By 3 T. Wang C. Wang J. Ramezani X. Wan Z. Yu Y. Gao H. He H. Wu article Chunli2022555 High-resolution shallow crustal structure beneath the Songliao basin of Northeast （NE） China has obvious economic and scientific significance. To constrain the sediment and crustal structure of the Songliao basin，H-β grid search method based on wavefield downward continuation and decomposition is used with teleseismic data recorded from portable broadband seismic arrays in the NE China. The results show that the estimated sediment thickness is 0.2−2.5 km，and becomes thinner from the central depression toward the margin of the basin，with the thinnest sediment in the southwestern region. The crustal thickness varies from 24 km to 34 km，and its lateral variation correlates with the distribution of sedimentary thicknesses to a certain extent. The crustal stretching factor is calculated from the sedimentary and crustal thicknesses，with an average close to the lithospheric stretching estimation from previous receiver function studies. Thus，we infer that the thinning of the crust and lithosphere is dominated by pure shear mode during the extensional process of the Songliao basin. Moreover，the Songliao basin has a high crustal vP/vS ratio，indicating possible magmatic underplating during the lithospheric extension beneath the Songliao basin. © 2022 Acta Seismologica Sinica Press. All rights reserved. 2022 Chinese 02533782 10.11939/jass.20210108 Acta Seismologica Sinica 44 Acta Seismologica Sinica Press 555-566 Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Seismic Observation and Geophysical Imaging, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100081, China 4 broadband data; crustal structure; crustal thickness; crustal thinning; decomposition analysis; extensional tectonics; lithospheric structure; P-wave; S-wave; sediment thickness; seismic survey; teleseismic wave; wave field, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137768878&doi=10.11939%2fjass.20210108&partnerID=40&md5=daa7dfdb62b1406a50e1058dc734e280 cited By 0 K. Chunli Z. Ruiqing C. Chengfeng L. Jiadong article Han20221003 2022 English 20959273 10.1016/j.scib.2022.02.008 Science Bulletin 67 Elsevier B.V. 1003-1006 College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam14473, Germany 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126824312&doi=10.1016%2fj.scib.2022.02.008&partnerID=40&md5=1ad28fb40911ba9e84cece7eac85d33e cited By 4 S. Han Z. Tang C. Wang B. Horsfield T. Wang N. Mahlstedt article Huang2021 Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific and Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plates is widely believed to have caused extensive Mesozoic magmatism and lithospheric deformation in East Asia. However, it remains unclear how the two tectonic domains affected NE China, and whether a boundary exists between them, because the Songnen Block in central NE China is covered by sedimentary rocks and the related mafic magmatism has been rarely discovered. Here we report a suite of Early Jurassic (ca. 175 Ma) mafic volcanic rocks (including basalt and basaltic andesite) from the Sk2 Borehole, Songliao Basin, NE China. The Sk2 mafic rocks are characterized by high Th/U, Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios, and their geochemical signatures are consistent with formation in a back-arc extensional setting, rather than an arc setting. The rocks show depleted zircon εHf(t) and whole-rock εNd(t) values, which are comparable to mafic rocks located on the east of the Songliao Basin. This suggests that they both have a depleted mantle source, unlike the mafic rocks on the west of the Songliao Basin with relatively enriched Nd and Hf isotopes. Early–Middle Jurassic mafic rocks are distributed in the Erguna Block, &gt;500 km to the west from the Sk2 Borehole, whereas coeval mafic rocks are widely distributed in the nearby eastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. These intraplate-like mafic rocks and the Early Jurassic bimodal rocks within the Lesser Xing'an and Zhangguangcai ranges likely formed in response to lithospheric extension that was triggered by subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. The Early Jurassic mafic rocks directly underlie the oldest sedimentary rocks (the Huoshiling Formation) in the Songliao Basin, which suggests that basin formation was probably initiated by lithospheric extension. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. Article 2021 English 00244937 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105871 Lithos 380-381 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, and School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China borehole; deformation mechanism; extensional tectonics; intraplate process; Jurassic; lithospheric structure; Pacific plate; paleogeography; plate tectonics; subduction zone; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; volcanic rock, China; Mongol-Okhotsk Fold Belt; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096496849&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2020.105871&partnerID=40&md5=ab42adc8efa30f76b12431eb74494edf Cited by: 26; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Feng Huang Zhao Zhang Jifeng Xu Xiyao Li Yunchuan Zeng Rong Xu Xijun Liu Liying Zhang Man Zhang Changqi Yang Liangliang Zhang Hongxia Yu Xuli Yang article Kouamelan202123 The Cretaceous interval is marked by several important geological changes whose prints are buried in both continental and marine sytems. Although significant paleoenvironmental details of this period have been inferred from biological and geochemical indicators, little is known about the physical proxies. Through scientific borehole data, petrophysical properties of Upper Cretaceous Songliao Basin (SB) in NE China and Goban Spur Basin (GSB) in NW Europe were intercorrelated to investigate the critical geological paleoenvironmental shifts and their petrophysical responses, through statistical, wavelet and spectral approaches. The results demonstrated that petrophysical features, particularly gamma-ray and resistivity reactivities, were responsive to past environmental changes in both terrestrial and marine systems. Shifts in organic-rich shale deposition and brine bearing shale showed a correlation to a probable period of seawater incursion in SB, while the gamma log, resistivity and density reactivities were interrelated to the basin paleo-structuration. At GSB, the gamma-ray and resistivity reactivities are tied-up to the Mid-Atlantic seabed motion, marine-water level shifts and paleoceanographic instabilities. In both paleo-basins, a decrease in the gamma-ray reactivity occurred from Turonian to Maastrichtian and is consistent with a regional or global increase in hydrodynamic energy. The oceanic/lacustrine anoxic events related to low sedimentation rate occurred in both basins and are associated with high gamma-ray and resistivity signals (SB); high gamma-ray and low resistivity signals (GSB). These changes correlated with geochemical evidence, suggesting that gamma-ray and resistivity can represent alternative means for marine and continental paleoenvironmental comparison. © 2021 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. 2021 English 17422132 10.1093/jge/gxaa066 Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 18 Oxford University Press 23-46 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China 1 Cretaceous; environmental change; facies analysis; lacustrine deposit; marine environment; marine sediment; paleoenvironment; physicochemical property; sedimentation rate, Atlantic Ocean; China; Goban Spur; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127047845&doi=10.1093%2fjge%2fgxaa066&partnerID=40&md5=f3332e4f067d6179e3f66da8d18c59e5 cited By 0 K.S. Kouamelan C. Zou K.R. Assie C. Peng K.A. N'Dri O.R. Mondah article Gao2021 From the latest Cretaceous (late Campanian to Maastrichtian, ~75–66 Ma) to the earliest Paleogene, fluctuations in greenhouse climate, inferred primarily from marine sediments, have been linked to volcanism, the Chicxulub asteroid impact, and the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction. In this paper, we summarize terrestrial climate records in mid-latitude East Asia during the latest Cretaceous and across the K-Pg boundary, based on a multi-proxy approach from the geochronologically well-constrained Sifangtai and Mingshui formations (SMF), accessed by scientific drilling of the Songliao Basin in northeastern China. Evolution of sedimentary environments is characterized by five depositional units of fluvial-deltaic-lacustrine facies. Development of four types of paleosols, including Inceptisols, Aridisols, Vertisols and Alfisols, is interpreted to primarily reflect climatic changes. Correlations among sedimentary facies, paleosol features, illite chemistry index, chemical index of alteration, as well as stable and clumped isotopes of pedogenic carbonates and clay minerals of the SMF validate their reliability for paleoclimate reconstruction, and indicate significant fluctuations in terrestrial climate and sedimentary environment. During global warming intervals possibly triggered by volcanism (e.g. ~69.5–68.5 Ma), the Songliao Basin experienced a warmer and wetter climate with stronger terrestrial chemical weathering and more monsoon-derived moisture sourced from the Pacific. In contrast, during global cooling intervals (e.g. ~70.5–69.5 Ma and ~ 68.5–66.5 Ma), the SMF record a cooler and drier climate with less intensive chemical weathering and more westerlies-derived moisture. Across the K-Pg boundary, dramatic changes in land temperatures and hydroclimate correspond to the latest Maastrichtian warming episode (~66.4–66.1 Ma), the transient cooling preceding the K-Pg boundary (~66.1–66.0 Ma), and the earliest Paleogene warming interval (~66.0–65.7 Ma). Temporal correlation of weathering index changes with the Deccan Traps volcanism suggests that volcanism and subsequent intensified weathering played a major role for climatic changes across the K-Pg boundary. The integrated records of sedimentological and geochemical datasets from the Songliao Basin robustly demonstrate that the terrestrial climate of mid-latitude East Asia responded strongly to greenhouse climate changes and to the catastrophic geological events from the latest Cretaceous to the earliest Paleogene. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. 2021 English 00128252 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103572 Earth-Science Reviews 216 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and the Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, 20146, Germany; Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt, 60325, Germany; Key Lab for the Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States Cretaceous; depositional environment; fluvial deposit; lacustrine deposit; midlatitude environment; Paleogene; proxy climate record; terrestrial environment, China; Songliao Basin, Asteroidea https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104955210&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2021.103572&partnerID=40&md5=9b13123051cefb05cc90af6198cf40b1 cited By 16 Y. Gao D.E. Ibarra J.K. Caves Rugenstein J. Chen T. Kukla K. Methner H. Huang Z. Lin L. Zhang D. Xi H. Wu A.R. Carroll S.A. Graham C.P. Chamberlain C. Wang article Li2021 The global climate during the latest Cretaceous became variable, with several global warming and cooling trends in a context of a greenhouse Earth. The responses of marine ecosystems to these climate events are relatively well known worldwide; however, lacustrine responses are poorly known due to the less frequent and discontinuous terrestrial fossil records. The relative changes in charophyte diversity in continuous lacustrine sedimentary sequences from two basins in East Asia, i.e., Songliao and Jiaolai, are considered here for the first time to establish their correlation with global climate changes during the Late Cretaceous and K/Pg boundary, compared with the well-studied south European Ibero-Armorican Island. Lacustrine deposits correlated with the Campanian–Maastrichtian Boundary Event (CMBE), related to a long cooling period provided a relatively low diversity in East Asia. In contrast, we detected a diverse charophyte flora in lacustrine deposits correlated with the Mid-Maastrichtian Event (MME) in East Asia in a global warming trend. A higher charophyte diversity was further found in the end-Cretaceous global warming event due to speciation under the background of latest Maastrichtian warming event (LMWE). During the LMWE, Characeae species such as Microchara cristata reduced its size significantly due to environmental stress probably related to the Deccan volcanism. On the other hand, a general tendency of increasing the gyrogonite size in new Characeae taxa has been detected in populations extracted from lower Danian deposits, probably related to stable palaeoenvironmental conditions in a global cooling context. This study represents the first attempt to correlate the response of the charophyte flora to global climate changes in permanent lacustrine systems during the three main Late Cretaceous–early Danian climatic turnovers. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 2021 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2020.103400 Global and Planetary Change 197 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Geology, American University of Beirut-AUB, Beirut, 11-0236, Lebanon; Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China Deposits; Ecosystems; Global warming, Environmental stress; Global climate changes; Global climates; Lacustrine deposits; Lacustrine systems; Late cretaceous; Sedimentary sequence; Terrestrial fossils, Earth (planet), Characeae https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098162872&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2020.103400&partnerID=40&md5=ea78e8ddee096c57f2e3b9aca8c51c1e cited By 2 S. Li J. Sanjuan Q. Wang X. Wan article Huang2021 Earth's climate system is complex and inherently nonlinear, which can induce some extraneous cycles in paleoclimatic proxies at orbital time scales. The paleoenvironmental consequences of these extraneous cycles are debated owing to their complex origin. Here, we compile high-resolution datasets of total organic carbon (TOC) and stable carbon isotope (δ13Corg) datasets to investigate organic carbon burial processes in middle to high latitudes. Our results document a robust cyclicity of ∼173 thousand years (ka) in both TOC and δ13Corg. The ∼173-ka obliquity-related forcing signal was amplified by internal climate feedbacks of the carbon cycle under different geographic and climate conditions, which control a series of sensitive climatic processes. In addition, our new and compiled records from multiple proxies confirm the presence of the obliquity amplitude modulation (AM) cycle during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and indicate the usefulness of the ∼173-ka cycle as geochronometer and for paleoclimatic interpretation. Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved. 2021 English 23752548 10.1126/sciadv.abf9489 Science Advances 7 American Association for the Advancement of Science State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Stilleweg 2, Hannover, 30655, Germany; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 28 Earth (planet); Orbits, Climate condition; Climatic process; High-resolution datasets; Internal climate; Multiple proxies; Organic carbon burial; Stable carbon isotopes; Total Organic Carbon, Organic carbon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110183512&doi=10.1126%2fsciadv.abf9489&partnerID=40&md5=226bbbfc9f5bface9eac236636301e70 cited By 18 H. Huang Y. Gao C. Ma M.M. Jones C. Zeeden D.E. Ibarra H. Wu C. Wang article Liu2021411 2021 English 20959273 10.1016/j.scib.2020.12.002 Science Bulletin 66 Elsevier B.V. 411-413 Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, 110034, China 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098526142&doi=10.1016%2fj.scib.2020.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=a120a5c029037ea61175c038d04588da cited By 8 H. Liu P. Wang Y. Gao H. Hou Y. Yin H. Li Y. Feng article Dong2021 The Songliao Basin in northeastern China is one of the largest and longest-lived Cretaceous sedimentary basins enriched in petroleum and geothermal resources worldwide. Although the modern Songliao Basin has a high geothermal gradient, the geological thermal history of the basin has not been well constrained. The SK-2 drilling program, as the second stage of the International Continental Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin, is for recovering extensive Early Cretaceous terrestrial strata and providing valuable materials for decoding the mineralogical evolution and the paleoenvironmental changes. Here, we present whole-rock and clay mineralogical analysis on 72 core samples covering 3346–5705 m of the Shahezi Formation in the SK-2 borehole. The whole-rock minerals mainly include clay minerals, quartz, plagioclase, as well as some calcite, K-feldspar, siderite, and pyrite. The clay mineral assemblages include illite, chlorite, and illite– smectite interlayer minerals. Above 4500 m, clay minerals are dominated by illite and illite–smectite interlayers. Below 4500 m, more plagioclase, K-feldspar, and calcite are present, while illite–smectite interlayers are completely replaced by illite. The whole-rock and clay mineralogical evolution of the Shahezi Formation is primarily controlled by thermal diagenesis, although paleoenvironmental change may act as a minor contribution. Combined with published data from the Upper Cretaceous in SK-1 cores, we infer that Cretaceous greenhouse climatic and environmental changes left finger-prints on whole-rock and clay mineralogical assemblages and that the Songliao Basin reached a maximum burial depth and a peak of thermal evolution at the end of the Cretaceous. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 2021 English 2075163X 10.3390/min11101101 Minerals 11 MDPI State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116579259&doi=10.3390%2fmin11101101&partnerID=40&md5=80b0d5660e3d16f8a98392728b14e948 cited By 2 T. Dong Y. Gao H. Huang X. Tian Q. Yang Y. Li L. Niu Y. Cao article Li2021 Review 2021 10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103471 Earth-Science Reviews 218 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100546662&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2020.103471&partnerID=40&md5=2b6f0c9ee34ea8027e48517d17acf89b Cited by: 50 Zhong-Quan Li Jun-Liang Chen Hao Zou Cheng-Shan Wang Qi-An Meng Heng-Lin Liu Shi-Ze Wang article Xie2021701 The mechanical behavior of brittle-ductile transition in rocks is one of the essential components of deep rock mechanics, as well as a key factor that impacts the safe and efficient implementation of deep rock engineering projects.To study the differences in the mechanical behaviors of brittle-ductile transition in deep rocks, the sandstones, conglomerates and andesites at different occurrence depths (1 000-6 400 m) from the Songliao Basin are taken as research objects, and a number of conventional triaxial tests are carried out on rocks at an identical depth but under different stress levels, rocks at different depths but under an identical stress level, and rocks under different stress levels and at different depths.The brittleness characteristics of rocks are analyzed by using the pre-peak and the post-peak brittleness index.A preliminary understanding of the key influencing factors and differences in the mechanical behaviors of brittle-ductile transition in deep rocks at different depths has been achieved.The research results show that rather than an instantaneous brittle-ductile transition in rocks at different depths, a stress zone exists in progressive transition from brittleness to ductility.The brittleness of rocks at an identical depth but under different stress levels are mainly affected by the confining pressure.For sandstones at a depth of 1 600 m, its brittleness generally decreases with the increase of confining pressure, and there is a transition from its brittleness, ductility to strain hardening, its post-peak plasticity gradually increases until it shows a complete plasticity after the peak.The stress level range of 50 MPa to 70 MPa is the brittle-ductile transition zone of sandstones at the depth of 1 600 m.The brittle ductility characteristics of rocks at different depths under the same confining pressure are mainly affected by their own mineral components.For the rock samples from the Songliao Basin, their content of hard phase minerals and middle phase minerals generally increase with the increase of depths, which causes their brittleness to go up with depth increases, exhibiting a shallow to deep characteristic of transition from brittleness to ductility to brittleness.The post-peak characteristics of in-situ rock stress levels at different depths show different characteristics as the depth increases: the sandstones at depths from 1 000 m to 3 500 m depth show post-peak straining softening, post peak brittleness is found in sandstones at the depth of 4 800 m and conglomerates from depths at 5 100 m to 5 600 m, while the andesites at the depth of 6 400 m manifest the characteristic of post-peak plastic flow.Many factors affect the brittleness and ductility of rocks.Among them, game phenomenon exists in the impact on the brittleness and ductility of rocks between the mineral composition and stress environment.As the depth increases, the increase of hard phase minerals and middle phase minerals will cause the brittleness to increase, and the increase in the loading stress level will inhibit the brittleness of the rocks.The research results are expected to guide the scientific explorations and efficient implementation of the deep rock engineering. © 2021, Editorial Office of Journal of China Coal Society. All right reserved. Article 2021 Chinese 02539993 10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.YT21.0157 Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 46 China Coal Society 701 – 715 3 Brittleness; Ductility; Fracture mechanics; Mineral exploration; Plasticity; Plastics industry; Rock mechanics; Rock pressure; Sandstone; Strain; Strain hardening; Stress analysis; Brittle ductile transitions; Brittle-ductile transition zone; Brittleness and ductility; Conventional triaxial test; Ductility characteristics; Efficient implementation; Key influencing factors; Scientific exploration; Minerals https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104526853&doi=10.13225%2fj.cnki.jccs.YT21.0157&partnerID=40&md5=f798b7bebebb950546dd4a84ab965c3e Cited by: 29 Heping Xie Mingzhong Gao Chenghang Fu Yiqiang Lu Mingqing Yang Jianjun Hu Bengao Yang article Niu2021 The Songliao Basin (SLB) is a large terrestrial petroliferous basin located in northeastern China. The Nenjiang Formation represents excellent hydrocarbon source rocks for the Daqing oil field. Previous studies have indicated that the oil shale intervals from the first (K2n1 ) and second (K2n2 ) members of the Nenjiang Formation were formed in different depositional settings. In this study, we provide a new high-resolution (1 m interval) record from SK-1s core and compile three sets of published datasets from two drilling holes (Zk3389 and LY-1) and a composite outcrop section. According to the total organic carbon (TOC) chemostratigraphy, we have divided three variation cycles spanning from K2n1 to K2n2 and detected three potential oil shale intervals in the Nenjiang Formation. Combined with the productivity, salinity, and oxygenation proxies, we discuss the paleolimnological environmental changes during deposition of the Nenjiang Formation. Our new and compiled records support the model that excellent preservation conditions were associated with the formation of organic-rich sediments in the K2n1, while the productivity was the major controlling factor for organic matter enrichment in the K2n2 . © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 2021 English 19961073 10.3390/en14164783 Energies 14 MDPI AG State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China 16 Deposition; Oil fields; Oil shale; Productivity, Depositional setting; Environmental change; Hydrocarbon source rocks; Organic carbon burial; Organic-rich sediment; Petroliferous basins; Preservation condition; Total Organic Carbon, Organic carbon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112325238&doi=10.3390%2fen14164783&partnerID=40&md5=8c93cc98d9f8996d1ec477a07644e5e8 cited By 1 L. Niu Y. Gao H. Huang X. Tian T. Dong Q. Yang X. Cao C. Wang article Tian20211496 The Songliao Basin in NE China is a large rift basin filled with Cretaceous terrestrial sediments. Lacustrine mudstones of the Nenjiang Formation form an important source rock in the Cretaceous Songliao Basin. These shales are commonly thought to have been deposited in deep, quiet, and anoxic environments. Samples obtained from the core of the SK-2 scientific borehole provide critical insights to understand the hydrodynamic and hydroclimatic environments, which are, however, different from the traditional views regarding the deposition of these rocks. By following a mudstone description guide, five different mudstone lithofacies (LF) transported and deposited by muddy hyperpycnal flows and muddy debris flows were recognized. They are laminated fine mudstone (LF1), laminated medium mudstone (LF2), and laminated coarse mudstone (LF3) showing pairs of inverse grading (Ha) and normal grading (Hb) under the microscope, graded coarse mudstone (LF4) and massive coarse mudstone (LF5). We found that mudstones of the First Member of the Nenjiang Formation are dominated by siliciclastic detritus and argillaceous components and show frequent variations in grain size. Because large-scale sub-lacustrine channels travelling long distance (>80 km) were widely distributed in the Songliao palaeolake during the deposition of the Nenjiang Formation, fluctuations in mudstone grain size might have been caused by velocity fluctuations in flows. Sedimentary structures and textures preserved in mudstones of the First Member of the Nenjiang Formation indicate that the majority of these lithofacies were accumulated by muddy hyperpycnal flows and muddy debris flows. Therefore, a depositional model dominantly influenced by muddy hyperpycnal flows and debris flows is proposed. This work not only provides a new view for the depositional process of mudstones of the Songliao Basin, NE China, but also give insights to understand lacustrine palaeoenvironment and terrestrial palaeoclimate. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2021 English 00721050 10.1002/gj.4017 Geological Journal 56 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 1496-1509 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; GCS Argentina SRL, Florida 1600, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Geología, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina 3 borehole; Cretaceous; debris flow; gravity flow; hydrocarbon reservoir; lacustrine deposit; lithofacies; mudstone; reservoir characterization; shale; source rock, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092058396&doi=10.1002%2fgj.4017&partnerID=40&md5=a0752ceade5ab3230ed43d6c0dcf73f6 cited By 2 X. Tian Y. Gao Z. Li Z. Carlos Z. Chen Y. Huang E. Yu C. Wang article Qin2024168 Article 2021 10.12143/j.ztgc.2021.12.001 Drilling Engineering 48 1-6 12 Q. Xue N. Liang L. Han S. Ma K. Wang article Yang2021 Fischer plots are widely used in paleoenvironmental research as graphic representations of sea- and lake-level changes through mapping linearly corrected variation of accumulative cycle thickness over cycle number or stratum depth. Some kinds of paleoenvironmental proxy data (especially subsurface data, such as natural gamma-ray logging data), which preserve continuous cyclic signals and have been largely collected, are potential materials for constructing Fischer Plots. However, it is laborious to count the cycles preserved in these proxy data manually and map Fischer plots with these cycles. In this paper, we introduce an original open-source Python code “PyFISCHERPLOT” for constructing Fischer Plots in batches utilizing paleoenvironmental proxy data series. The principle of constructing Fischer plots based on proxy data, the data processing and usage of the PyFISCHERPLOT code and the application cases of the code are presented. The code is compared with existing methods for constructing Fischer plots. © 2021, The Author(s). 2021 English 20452322 10.1038/s41598-021-90017-9 Scientific Reports 11 Nature Research State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China 1 article https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105993065&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-90017-9&partnerID=40&md5=6a1b5c6027696871bab68cee92801d64 cited By 2 D. Yang Y. Huang Z. Chen Q. Huang Y. Ren C. Wang article Xie2021217 Deep earth science is the basic of deep resource exploitation. One critical challenge is to ascertain the physical and mechanical behaviours of rocks from different depths under in situ geological conditions. Rock mechanical experiments and theoretical studies suitable for shallow resource mining are difficult to consider the effects of deep in situ geological conditions of different buried depths on the rock physical and mechanical characteristics and engineering. This paper puts forward the concept and research content of"deep in situ rock mechanics". Using rock cores collected from 10 different depths(1 000 m to 6 400 m) of Songke second well, the different characteristics of rock mechanical behaviors at different buried depths are studied. An in situ stress restoration and reconstruction method is proposed to approximately simulate the influence of in situ geostress on rock physical and mechanical parameters. Uniaxial compression tests indicate that rock mechanical parameters increase nonlinearly with increasing the buried depth and hence, cannot be treated as constants. Triaxial compression experimental results manifest that rock mechanical parameters vary more obviously with the buried depth due to the geostress, which is different from those under uniaxial compression. Rock mechanical tests retaining the in situ geological condition suggest that the rock mechanical parameters can present more obvious nonlinear behaviors with increasing the buried depth in the case of geostress restoration and reconstruction. The peak strength and Young's modulus in the in situ stress restoration and reconstruction tests, showing a logarithmic function relationship with the buried depth, are larger than the results in the triaxial compression tests. Also, the post peak strain softening behavior in the in situ stress restoration and reconstruction tests is more obvious than that in the triaxial compression tests. Especially, when the burial depth exceeds 4 800 m, the influences of in situ stress restoration and reconstruction on Poisson's ratio, strain hardening modulus and post peak are more remarkable. This research can provide support for exploring deep scientific laws and improving deep resource acquisition capabilities. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved. Article 2021 Chinese 10006915 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0317 Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 40 Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica 217 – 232 2 Compression testing; Elastic moduli; Geology; Restoration; Rock mechanics; Strain hardening; Stresses; Logarithmic functions; Mechanical characteristics; Restoration and reconstruction; Rock mechanical parameters; Strain-hardening modulus; Tri-axial compression tests; Uni-axial compression; Uni-axial compression tests; Rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101070741&doi=10.13722%2fj.cnki.jrme.2020.0317&partnerID=40&md5=d12215d68a2c0678f430e3ce9950a110 Cited by: 48 Heping Xie Cunbao Li Mingzhong Gao Ru Zhang Feng Gao Jianbo Zhu article Gao2021 From the latest Cretaceous (late Campanian to Maastrichtian, ~76-66 Ma) through the earliest Paleogene, changes of greenhouse climate were linked to catastrophic geological events and massive biotic extinction and were primarily derived from marine records. Here we present a high-resolution, tightly age-constrained, clay mineralogical record from the Sifangtai and Mingshui formations of the terrestrial Songliao Basin, northeast China. Smectite and illite are the dominant clay species and are derived from the weathering of parent rocks and/or pedogenesis in paleosols. We use the percentage ratio of smectite and illite, the illite chemistry index, and the percentage ratio of phyllosilicate clay minerals and quartz in clay fractions for paleoclimatic reconstruction. Our results show that from the latest Cretaceous through the earliest Paleogene, values of all three clay mineralogical proxies in the Songliao Basin are generally higher during warming intervals than those during cooling intervals. This dataset suggests that warming caused strengthened moisture delivery from the Pacific, increasing precipitation and intensified chemical weathering, whereas cooling was accompanied by increasing dryness and physical weathering. Across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, the warming likely related to Deccan volcanism, the transient cooling afterwards, and the warming in the earliest Paleogene are characterized by changes in the illite chemistry index and paleosol carbonate stable isotopic excursions as shown in previously published records, reflecting fluctuations in hydroclimate and weathering intensity. Our work demonstrates that terrestrial climate and weathering intensity in the mid-latitude Songliao Basin fluctuated during the latest Cretaceous through the earliest Paleogene and sensitively responded to global climate changes. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd 2021 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104827 Cretaceous Research 124 Academic Press State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Key Lab for the Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and the Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China clay mineral; climate variation; Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary; midlatitude environment; paleoclimate; terrestrial environment; weathering, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104066955&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2021.104827&partnerID=40&md5=e70b7d109a9ec554b54bad5dd6b2ac4d cited By 6 Y. Gao D.E. Ibarra X. Du T. Dong Z. Liu C. Wang article 2021 10.16452/j.cnki.sdkjzk.2021.05.001 Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science) 40 1-9 T. Wang Y. Huang Z. Zhang C. Wang article Qin2024168 Article 2021 10.12143/j.ztgc.2021.04.001 Drilling Engineering 48 1-10 04 J. Liang J. Zhao C. Wang X. He H. Yin article Wang202136 2021 English 00963941 10.1029/2021eo158455 Eos (United States) 102 American Geophysical Union 36-41 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, United States; Institute at Brown for Environment and Society and the Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China 7 climate variation; Cretaceous; future prospect; paleoclimate, China https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116514842&doi=10.1029%2f2021eo158455&partnerID=40&md5=a04fa67265dcfaa7deb6944694754c27 cited By 8 C. Wang Y. Gao D.E. Ibarra H. Wu P. Wang article Qin2024168 Article 2021 10.12143/j.ztgc.2021.01.003 Drilling Engineering 48 7-14 01 H. Ran J. Liang N. Liang Q. Xue S. Ma article Cui2020 Article 2020 10.1007/s12517-020-05500-w Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13 13 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086715274&doi=10.1007%2fs12517-020-05500-w&partnerID=40&md5=36f9169ae5b541a5e27f0c2d764d1c50 Cited by: 9 Jingwei Cui Rukai Zhu Chengshan Wang Yuan Gao Sen Li Lei Kang article Yang2020 Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary records are crucial for our understanding of geological systems’ responses to past climate change under greenhouse condition. Numerous publications have documented that Milankovitch cycles were a dominant climate driver over multi-millennial timescales. However, most of these orbital signals were derived from marine records obtained during the Cenozoic geological period, whereas knowledge of Milankovitch cycles preserved in lacustrine sediments prior to the Cenozoic is limited due to the lack of a precise chronological framework, poor preservation rate of terrestrial sediments, limited records, and fewer experts in this research area. This paper reports high-resolution X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental records of K, Ti, Rb, Sr, Zr, Zr/Rb, Rb/Sr, and K/Ti from Member 1 (k2n1) and Member 2 (k2n2) of the Nenjiang Formation, which were obtained from a near-continuous SK-2 East (SK-2e) borehole drilled in the Songliao Basin (SB) of northeastern (NE) China. Variations of the elemental records reveal a humid-arid-humid-semiarid climatic evolution throughout the deposition of k2n1 and a humid-arid-humid-arid climatic variation throughout the deposition of k2n2. In this context, K2n1 experienced a relatively longer humid period and more pronounced climatic fluctuation than K2n2. A method of average spectral misfit (ASM) was adopted to successfully identify two optimal sedimentation rates of 6.577 and 8.369 cm/ka for K2n1 and K2n2, respectively. Based on these two sedimentation rates, nearly all significant Milankovitch cycles preserved in the Rb/Sr record were recognized. It is suggested that westerly wind was the main climatic driving factor of climate evolution in the SB under the forcing of Milankovitch cycles. The collectively regulation of obliquity and precession increased the seasonal contrasts during humid periods in the Nenjiang Formation and thereby amplified the paleomonsoon effect, thus bringing more moisture towards the SB and lead to enhanced rainfall. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd 2020 English 13679120 10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.104183 Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 194 Elsevier Ltd Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Computer Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843, United States arid environment; climate variation; Cretaceous; deposition; humid environment; lacustrine deposit; Milankovitch cycle; paleoclimate; X-ray fluorescence, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076516855&doi=10.1016%2fj.jseaes.2019.104183&partnerID=40&md5=e7b55cec9053cbcb56c0fb36db0856c6 cited By 14 H. Yang Y. Huang C. Ma Z. Zhang C. Wang article An202063 The Weihe Basin, enclosed by the Chinese Loess Plateau to the north and the Qinling Mountains to the south, is an outstanding, world-class continental site for obtaining high-resolution multi-proxy records that reflect environmental changes spanning most of the Cenozoic. Previous geophysical and sedimentary studies indicate that the basin hosts 6000-8000 m thick fluvial-lacustrine sedimentary successions spanning the Eocene to Holocene. This sedimentary record provides an excellent and unique archive to decipher long-term tectonic-climate interactions related to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the onset/evolution of the Asian monsoon, and the development of the biogeography of East Asia. Owing to its location at the interface of the opposing westerly and Asian monsoon circulation systems, the Weihe Basin also holds enormous promise for providing a record of changes in these circulation systems in response to very different boundary conditions since the Eocene. To develop an international scientific drilling programme in the Weihe Basin, the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, organized a dedicated workshop with 55 participants from eight countries. The workshop was held in Xi'an, China, from 15 to 18 October 2019. Workshop participants conceived the key scientific objectives of the envisaged Weihe Basin Drilling Project (WBDP) and discussed technical and logistical aspects as well as the scope of the scientific collaboration in preparation for a full drilling proposal for submission to the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Workshop participants mutually agreed to design a two-phase scientific drilling programme that will in a first phase target the upper 3000 m and in a second phase the entire up to 7500 m thick sedimentary infill of the basin. For the purpose of the 7500 m deep borehole, the world's only drill rig for ultra-deep scientific drilling on land, Crust 1, which previously recovered the entire continental Cretaceous sediments in the Songliao Basin, will be deployed in the WBDP. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved. 2020 English 18168957 10.5194/sd-28-63-2020 Scientific Drilling 28 Copernicus GmbH 63-73 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Geological Sciences, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Earthquake Administration of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710068, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China Atmospheric thermodynamics; Sedimentology; Tectonics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chinese Loess Plateau; Continental scientific drillings; Different boundary condition; Environmental change; Scientific collaboration; Scientific objectives; Workshop participants, Infill drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097219324&doi=10.5194%2fsd-28-63-2020&partnerID=40&md5=f2b85552ce9b6ed2a059f54c4ad84d20 cited By 4 Z. An P. Zhang H. Vogel Y. Song J. Dodson T. Wiersberg X. Feng H. Lu L. Ai Y. Sun article Fu20202135 Denglouku Formation in Xujiaweizi area is an important field needing urgent breakthroughs for deep gas exploration in northern Songliao Basin. In order to clarify the distribution characteristics of sedimentary facies of Denglouku Formation in Xujiaweizi area, the isochronal framework is established and the sedimentary facies is comprehensively analyzed, by core observation of sedimentary facies, sedimentary cycle analysis by logging data and comprehensive analysis of seismic attribute slices. The results show that: The Denglouku Formation in Xujiaweizi area mainly develops 6 sedimentary facies from bottom to top, the alluvial fan and fan delta, the lake and braided river delta, the river and lake pan-plane, 10 sedimentary subfacies and 20 sedimentary microfacies. Vertically, the development of sedimentary system in the first member of Denglouku Formation is limited, which controlled by unconformity. The sedimentary facies system of Denglouku Formation is alluvial fan-fan delta-lake sedimentary system in the first member, braided river delta-intermittent lake depositional system in the second-third member, and fluvial sedimentary system in the fourth member. The fan delta front glutenite, braided delta distributary channel coarse sandstone and braided channel thick sandstone provide favorable reservoir space for gas accumulation. Accurate identification of fine sedimentary facies of Denglouku Formation in Xujiaweizi area provides an important basis for further exploration and deployment, and has positive exploration significance. © 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 English 9789811524844 18668755 10.1007/978-981-15-2485-1_194 Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering Springer Lin J. 2135-2148 Exploration and Development, Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China Deposition; Lakes; Petroleum prospecting; Rivers; Sandstone, Braided river deltas; Comprehensive analysis; Denglouku formations; Depositional system; Distributary channels; Distribution characteristics; Sedimentary micro-facies; Sedimentary systems, Sedimentology, alluvial fan; depositional environment; facies; fan delta; gas field; hydrocarbon exploration; seismic data; spatial distribution; unconformity; well logging, China; Heilongjiang; Songliao Basin; Xujiaweizi https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088894808&doi=10.1007%2f978-981-15-2485-1_194&partnerID=40&md5=61dc2aec12800430abc4dbbf23a74431 cited By 0 X.-L. Fu Z.-W. Huo J. Wang K.-N. Cui M.-Y. Jin Z.-M. Zhu X.-J. Bai H. Liu B. Yue article Wu20203502 To solve the problem of drilling in severely cracked hard rock in deep high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) stratum of Well Songke-2, mechanical analysis and physical simulation experiment were used to clarify the factors affecting the thickness of the plugging layer in this study. The sealing effect of high-strength skeleton particles and HT deformable soften particles was verified through HTHP filtration test, and the on-site operation pressure was calculated and controlled. The self-locking mechanical model of the three-particle bridge group skeleton was established, and the anti-destructive ability formula of the single bridge group was derived. Compared with the blank formula, emulsified asphalt, oxidized asphalt and sulfonated asphalt can reduce the HTHP water loss volume by 56%, 44% and 48%, respectively. Particle size and strength, crack width and pressure difference have important influence on the thickness of the plugging layer. A quick blocking effect can be achieved by combining the rigid plugging agent with deformable plugging particles. Based on the above analysis and tests, the drilling pressure in the operation was effectively controlled in conjunction with the on-site technology, and the compaction and anti-collapse effect under moderate positive pressure difference was realized. With the techniques mentioned above, the fifth spud of Well Songke-2 was completed successfully with the open-hole section from 5 910 to 7 018 m. © 2020, Editorial Department of Earth Science. All right reserved. Article 2020 Chinese 10002383 10.3799/dqkx.2019.121 Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 45 China University of Geosciences 3502 – 3508 9 Asphalt; Cracks; Deformation; Drilling fluids; Emulsification; Infill drilling; Musculoskeletal system; Particle size; Pressure effects; Drilling fluid systems; Emulsified asphalts; High temperature and high pressures (HTHP); Mechanical analysis; Physical simulation experiment; Positive pressure; Pressure differences; Wellbore stability; Particle size analysis https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092652458&doi=10.3799%2fdqkx.2019.121&partnerID=40&md5=18d83be6423938999a26c2cc5042d893 Cited by: 0 Xiaoming Wu Wenlong Zheng Yuliang Zou article Wang2020 The stress state down to the basement within sedimentary basins yet remains poorly understood. The anelastic strain recovery (ASR) method was employed to measure the stress state in the SK-II borehole in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China. The results show that the stress state differs significantly between the sedimentary cover and basement. In the sedimentary cover (6296–6335 m), the maximum principal stress σ1 is nearly vertical, which is in the normal faulting stress regime dominated by gravitation, in accordance with the normal faults observed on seismic reflection profiles within the sedimentary cover. In contrast, the basement (6646–6846 m) shows that σ1 is nearly horizontal, suggesting a strike-slip or reverse-faulting regime. The stress state of the basement is close to the reasonable stress condition for the Eurasian Plate far from a western Pacific plate subduction zone and consistent with the focal mechanisms of earthquakes (7–15 km) in the vicinity of ICDP SK-II borehole. The difference of stress state may imply that the far-field stress generated by the western Pacific plate has limited effects on the sedimentary cover, an increase in thickness correlates with an increasing influence of tectonic stress with depth. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 2020 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2020.228337 Tectonophysics 777 Elsevier B.V. Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Crustal Stability Assessment, Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan Boreholes; Buildings; Sedimentology; Stresses; Strike-slip faults, Anelastic strain recovery; In-situ stress measurement; Insitu stress; Maximum principal stress; Scientific drilling; Seismic reflection profiles; Songliao basin; Stress state, Fault slips, anelasticity; basement rock; borehole; depth; drilling; in situ measurement; normal fault; Pacific plate; sedimentary basin; seismic reflection; strain analysis; stress field, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079002476&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2020.228337&partnerID=40&md5=78fbbfe8f075ebd719dae61384698335 cited By 4 B. Wang D. Sun Q. Chen W. Lin A.-W. Li H. Cao article Xu20201212 The Cretaceous nonmarine sedimentary strata are widespread in Songliao Basin, Northeast China. As the largest oil producer in China, an abundance of data has been generated by the petroleum industry, including sedimentology, seismology, geochemistry, and geochronology in the Songliao Basin. This article reviews the achievements in China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling SK and presents the new results of the China Continental Geothermal Drilling SR1 in stratigraphy and geophysics. The results allow us to establish the relationships among SK-1, SK-2, and SR1, provide some constrains on the tectonic setting of Songliao Basin, and interpret the sedimentary facies and environmental evolution. After stratigraphic correlation of SK and SR boreholes, the result indicates that the geological boundary between the late Cretaceous Mingshui formation and the Paleogene Yi'an formation is at the depth of 115 m. The magnetotelluric sounding anomaly areas are corresponding with the unconformities, which are equivalent to seismic horizon T03, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. In addition, the typical "steer's-head"geometry in the magnetotellurics indicates that the SLB has experienced five evolution stages. © 2020 Zhihe Xu et al., published by De Gruyter 2020. Article 2020 English 23915447 10.1515/geo-2020-0188 Open Geosciences 12 De Gruyter Open Ltd 1212 – 1223 College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China; Hebei Geological Survey Institute, Hebei, 050000, China; Jilin Exploration Geophysics Institute, Changchun 130000, China; College of Earth Sciences, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030000, China 1 China; Songliao Basin; Geochronology; Infill drilling; Magnetotellurics; Petroleum industry; Sedimentology; Seismology; Stratigraphy; Continental scientific drillings; Environmental evolution; Geological boundaries; Geothermal drilling; Magnetotelluric soundings; Sedimentary facies; Sedimentary strata; Stratigraphic correlation; borehole geophysics; Cretaceous; drilling; geometry; magnetotelluric method; stratigraphic correlation; tectonic setting; Petroleum geology https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095833894&doi=10.1515%2fgeo-2020-0188&partnerID=40&md5=096c657292be343db7dbe9409ef0c3c9 Cited by: 0; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Zhihe Xu Qinglin Xu Aitao Liu Naichen Wang Guangxiang Li Chong Peng Leilei Yan Yongfei Su article Wang2020 We conduct apatite fission-track analysis in the Songliao Basin to reveal the Cenozoic tectonic uplifts and determine how basin development was associated with the transformation from the Paleo-Pacific plate to the Pacific plate and the change of the Pacific plate velocity. Our results from the CCSD-SK1 boreholes in the northern Songliao Basin reveal three Cenozoic cooling (uplift) events:Paleocene (65–50 Ma), Oligocene (33–22 Ma), late Miocene–Pliocene (14–6 Ma) with the apparent mean exhumation rates of 0.08–0.09 mm/yr, 0.08–0.09 mm/yr and 0.11–0.24 mm/yr, respectively. The total removal of the sedimentary cover resulted from 3 cooling (uplift) events is about 1500 m, the removal by the extreme cooling (uplift) event (14–6 Ma) is about 900 m. In this paper, we infer that the transformation of the Paleo-Pacific plate (Izanagi plate) to the Pacific plate plays the first-order control on the first cooling event (65–50 Ma). The second (33–22 Ma) and third (14–6 Ma) cooling events are closely related to the steady and relatively high motion velocity of the Pacific plate. Since Oligocene, a large scale of tectonic uplifts widely happened not only in basins but also in the ranges around them in northeastern China. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd 2020 English 13679120 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104353 Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 195 Elsevier Ltd Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China; Key Laboratory of Uranium Geology, China Geological Survey, Tianjin, 300170, China apatite; borehole; Cenozoic; exhumation; fission track dating; historical perspective; plate tectonics; subduction; tectonic evolution, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082846358&doi=10.1016%2fj.jseaes.2020.104353&partnerID=40&md5=1461f5765b5712c1f747e4a37a201c26 cited By 8 S. Wang Y. Cheng L. Zeng P. Miao R. Jin T. Zhang C. Li X. Zhang article Lu2020 With the development of deep energy resources, understanding variations in the physical and mechanical properties of rocks at different depths is significant. In this paper, core samples from ten different burial depths (1000 m, 1300 m, 1600 m, 1850 m, 2600 m, 3500 m, 4800 m, 5100 m, 5600 m, and 6400 m) were collected from the Songke No. 2 (SK-2) well and the Daqing Oilfield. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study involving the physical property and uniaxial compression testing of rock cores from such a large range of burial depths. The experimental results show that the content of weak phase minerals decreases with increasing depth. The change in the hard phase minerals varies nonlinearly with depth. From 3500 to 5600 m, the content of hard phase minerals decreases, while the content of the middle phase minerals increases. The elastic modulus exponentially increases with increasing depth, while Poisson’s ratio decreases with increasing depth. Additionally, the uniaxial compressive strength displays a nonlinear logarithmic increase with increasing depth. Finally, the effects of petrophysical properties on the mechanical behavior of rock at different depths are discussed. The elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and compressive strength all have a negative correlation with the content of weak phase minerals. These results have important value for studying the mechanics of rocks at different depths. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2020 English 23638419 10.1007/s40948-020-00163-z Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources 6 Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization, Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green Energy, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51806, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Engineering Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China 3 Compression testing; Elastic moduli; Energy resources; Minerals; Petrophysics; Rocks, Daqing oilfields; Important value; Mechanical behavior; Negative correlation; Petrophysical properties; Physical and mechanical properties; Uniaxial compression testing; Uniaxial compressive strength, Compressive strength https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087032199&doi=10.1007%2fs40948-020-00163-z&partnerID=40&md5=0269a3b61875d7dcdd27d538e27067c7 cited By 13 Y. Lu C. Li Z. He M. Gao R. Zhang H. Xie article Cao2020 Shale oil is hosted in nanopores of organic-rich shales, so pore characteristics are significant for shale oil accumulation. Here we analyzed pore characteristics of 39 lacustrine shale samples of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Songliao Basin, which is one of the main shale oil resource basins in China, using field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and low-pressure nitrogen adsorption. We accomplished fractal analysis, correlation analysis using correlation matrix and multidimensional scaling (MDS), and prediction of fractal dimensions, which is the first time to predict pore fractal dimensions of shales. Interparticle pores are highly developed in K2qn. These shales have mesoporous nature and slit-shaped pores. Compared with the second and third members (K2qn2,3), the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) has a larger average pore diameter, much smaller surface area, fewer micropores, simpler pore structure and surface indicated by smaller fractal dimensions. In terms of pore characteristics, K2qn1 is better than K2qn2,3 as a shale oil reservoir. When compared with marine Bakken Formation shales, lacustrine shales of the Qingshankou Formation have similar complexity of pore structure, but much rougher pore surface. This research can lead to an improved understanding of the pore system of lacustrine shales. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 2020 English 19961073 10.3390/en13082027 Energies 13 MDPI AG State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China; Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China 8 Enamels; Field emission microscopes; Fractal dimension; Gas adsorption; Petroleum reservoir engineering; Petroleum reservoirs; Pore structure; Scanning electron microscopy; Shale oil, Correlation analysis; Correlation matrix; Field emission scanning electron microscopy; Fractal analysis; Multi-dimensional scaling; Nitrogen adsorption; Organic-rich shales; Pore characteristics, Nanopores https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084064890&doi=10.3390%2fen13082027&partnerID=40&md5=a60ab599ce4fcb79a573b40b0079f07e cited By 7 X. Cao Y. Gao J. Cui S. Han L. Kang S. Song C. Wang article Lü2020153 Article 2020 10.31035/cg2020001 China Geology 3 153 – 172 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107635137&doi=10.31035%2fcg2020001&partnerID=40&md5=e6353c8c8dd8b3e34de0f99f0ecb250d Cited by: 4; All Open Access, Gold Open Access Qing-tian Lü Jia-yong Yan Xuan-hua Chen He-Sheng Hou Wen-shi Wang Yu-le Hu article Noah2020 The construction and reliable application of maturation indices is extremely important in deep Earth exploration, yet predicting levels of maturation on a molecular level, especially at overmature stages, is still a major challenge. Here, we report robust, broad ranging and precise maturity parameters that were developed using a continuous core of thermally overmature lacustrine deposits (Shahezi Fm.) from the deep Songke-2 Well (SK-2), Songliao Basin, China, augmented by shallow cores of lower maturity marine deposits (Posidonia Shale) from the Hils Syncline, Germany. The novel indices presented here are based on the general process of thermally-induced cyclization, aromatization and aliphatic chain cracking of hundreds to thousands of compounds during maturation. The newly developed parameters, with an extremely broad dynamic range extending from catagenesis and into metagenesis (vitrinite reflectances (Ro) range from 0.9% to 2.2%), are based on polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds measured using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). The high coefficient of correlations between the new maturity parameters with Ro and Tmax demonstrate their utility for assessing precisely the thermal maturity of overmature shales. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd 2020 English 01466380 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.104099 Organic Geochemistry 148 Elsevier Ltd Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ - German Research Centre for Geosciences, Department of Geochemistry, Section 3.2 Organic Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany; GEOS4 GmbH, D-14552 Michendorf, Germany; College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China Aromatic compounds; Deposits; Mass spectrometry; Shale, Coefficient of correlation; Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry; Heterocyclic aromatic compounds; Lacustrine deposits; Maturity assessments; Maturity parameters; Thermally induced; Vitrinite reflectance, Aromatization, catagenesis; chemical alteration; cracking (chemistry); maturation; molecular analysis; PAH; precision; thermal maturity, China; Germany; Songliao Basin, Posidonia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089426122&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2020.104099&partnerID=40&md5=ed4f1bc7a94feaa2da2d84f94db2b90a cited By 8 M. Noah B. Horsfield S. Han C. Wang article Yu20201049 2020 English 20959273 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.039 Science Bulletin 65 Elsevier B.V. 1049-1051 State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China 13 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083004425&doi=10.1016%2fj.scib.2020.03.039&partnerID=40&md5=dbe8d79c191e7f242ebc1936f1175de9 cited By 11 Z. Yu H. He C. Deng K. Lu Z. Shen Q. Li article Hu2020254 In order to solve the problem of the high mud content and easy hydration and dispersion of the Cretaceous sedimentary strata in well Songke-2, the bit balling is prone to occur in the water-based drilling fluid environment, which affects the drill bit ROP and induces downhole adhesion stuck, the paper combined the core drilling technology of well Songke-2, systematically analyzed of the causes of bit balling generated by the drill bit in the mudstone and water-based drilling fluid environment, provided a basis for the design of the anti-balling of the drill bit and the formulation of the anti-ball in drilling fluid, and proposed a drilling fluid formulation with excellent anti-balling performance. The results show that the mudstone drilled in well Songke-2 had the characteristics of high shale content and easy hydration and viscosity, it is very easy to induce the bit balling caused by the adhesion of cuttings and the mechanical “inlaying” of cuttings. Mechanical adhesion of drill bit and drill structure size, bottom hole hydraulic condition, bit material and surface condition, drilling procedure parameters and drilling fluid performance indicators are closely related. Adjusting the performance of the drilling fluid is an effective way to solve the bit balling problem at the drilling site. According to the technical characteristics of the high-temperature and high-pressure sections in the fourth opening of the well Songke-2,after repeated matching, the drilling fluid composition with excellent high temperature resistance and anti-adhesion performance was obtained. The test results of high temperature inhibition, water loss wall-building and the lubricity show that this drilling fluid has strong inhibition at high temperature(230℃), little water loss and good lubricity, it can solve the bit balling problem of the well Songke-2, effectively avoid the instability of the ROP and the occurrence of sticking stuck, the field application effect is ideal. © Meitiandizhi Yu Kantan/Coal Geology and Exploration 2020. Article 2020 Chinese 10011986 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1986.2020.05.032 Meitiandizhi Yu Kantan/Coal Geology and Exploration 48 Science Press 254 – 261+268 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113326859&doi=10.3969%2fj.issn.1001-1986.2020.05.032&partnerID=40&md5=b1110ff860bba89ba265e182e3664886 Cited by: 3 Yule Hu Chen Hu Hengchun Zhang Wenlong Zheng article Yang20201006 In order to deepen the understanding of the vertical change rule of the deep shale gas in the Songke 2 Well, the authors selected the 3500~5700 m section of the Shahezi Formation to carry out the X-ray 3D Computed Tomography (CT) imaging experiment. X-ray CT scan was performed on 19 pieces of 2 cm-diameter columnar cores to obtain non-destructive core scan data, and a three-dimensional image spatial structure with a core resolution of up to 15 μm was established. The pore morphology structure and space of the reconstructed core pore model were analyzed by comparative study of spatial distribution and coordination number, statistics of the vertical distribution of sample porosity and connectivity. This experiment proves that the digital core data have high resolution and rich information. The gray value information reflects different components in the sample. The skeleton and minerals are high gray values, and the pores and cracks are low gray values. Studies have shown that areas with large equivalent pore diameters have high porosity, and areas with large coordination numbers have good connectivity. The vertical distribution of porosity and connectivity is consistent with traditional knowledge and can be verified with logging information. It is believed that the digital core can be used as an important auxiliary method for deep core research in the future. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved. Article 2020 Chinese 16712552 Geological Bulletin of China 39 China Geological Survey 1006 – 1014 7 mudstone; paleoenvironment; porosity; rock mechanics; shale gas; source rock; three-dimensional modeling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090074047&partnerID=40&md5=f486b5d12240742f57dc6490225d054a Cited by: 1 Jin Yang Hesheng Hou Wei Fu Rui Guo Zongdong Pan Jiaodong Zhang Huitao Zhang article Kouamelan2020 Limited to the Atlantic and its surrounding basins, the expression of the Coniacian–Santonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE3) was discovered in the non-marine Cretaceous Songliao Basin, Eastern Asia not long ago. In this study, based on spectral gamma ray logs data recorded in three basins, the self-similarity of the OAE3 was studied through the analysis of the scaling properties of thorium–potassium and thorium–uranium distributions both in marine and terrestrial environments using the multifractal detrending fluctuation analysis. The results indicate that, in both marine and terrestrial systems, the OAE3 intervals are characterized by their multifractal nature due to long-range correlation. However, the multifractal features of the studied OAE3 intervals are different in the three basins, although some common trends were observed. By comparing the degree of multifractality of the OAE3 deposits with the clay minerals and the redox conditions, it appears that the changes of the multifractal features are controlled by local changes such as clay mineralogy and redox conditions in both milieus under different sedimentation patterns. At all sites, the left side shortened spectrum of the thorium–potassium distribution suggests the presence of local fluctuations with minor amplitudes during the OAE3. Furthermore, the shortened singularity spectrum of the thorium–uranium distribution reflects the existence of small-scale fluctuations with large amplitudes at marine sites while in the non-marine Songliao Basin, the thorium–uranium distribution suggests the presence of local fluctuations with small amplitudes during the OAE3. Therefore, a more local behavior of the event is considered although the regional character is not neglected. © 2020, The Author(s). 2020 English 20452322 10.1038/s41598-020-71327-w Scientific Reports 10 Nature Research Key Laboratory of Geo-Detection (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Mineral Resources Technology, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa, Ghana 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090040119&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-71327-w&partnerID=40&md5=03cc21fd9c56249f725275fbb3302082 cited By 2 K.S. Kouamelan C. Zou C. Wang K.R. Assie C. Peng O.R. Mondah K.A. N’dri E.T. Brantson article Shang2020236 The formation mechanism of the oil shale developed in the 1st and 2nd members of Nenjiang Formation in Songliao Basin was studied by combining theoretical model with geological data such as total carbon content, sulfur isotope of pyrite, and whole rock element from the Songke-1 Well (south hole). Some conclusions have been reached: (1) It may not be fully correct to attribute the formation of oil shale to seawater intrusion into the lake basin. Although seawater invasion can lead to salinization of the lake and subsequent algae blooming, the change of bottom water redox condition caused by the invasion of oxygen-rich seawater into the bottom lake can inhibit the accumulation and preservation of organic matter in sediments; (2) The impact of seawater transgression on oil shale formation was mainly related to algae blooming caused by the continuous salinization of the lake water after transgression; (3) Volcanic tuff deposits are widely distributed in the Songliao basin and usually associated with oil shale deposits. The increase of productivity in ancient Songliao lake basin was directly related to nutrients such as phosphorus and iron brought by volcanic ash input; (4) The formation of oil shale in the Nenjiang Formation was controlled by a combination of mechanisms such as water eutrophication events induced by instantaneous mass input of volcanic ash and seawater invasion. It is concluded that organic matter enrichment in the oil shale is controlled by both water depth and the influence of sediment input from rivers. © 2020 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2020 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20200119 Geology in China 47 Science Press 236 – 248 1 China; Songliao Basin; enrichment; eutrophication; hydrocarbon exploration; model; oil shale; organic matter; volcanic ash https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092893782&doi=10.12029%2fgc20200119&partnerID=40&md5=5d557689c76109526a08d4a9ff1f5d48 Cited by: 13 Fei Shang Haiyan Zhou Yong Liu Xuexian Zhou Lan Wang He Bi Guochang Wang Li Song Ruiqian Chen article Xiaojuan202027 A continuous terrestrial succession was recovered from the Songke-2 (SK-2) borehole in the Songliao Basin, Northeastern China. This borehole provides a unique material for further research on the continental paleoclimate during Cretaceous greenhouse period, following a series of achievements of the Songke-1 (SK-1) core. In this study, thorium (Th) logging data were chosen as a paleoclimate proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic analysis. The Th series varies quasi-periodically; power spectra and evolutionary fast Fourier transformation (FFT) analysis reveal significant cycles in the Quantou (K2q), Qingshankou (K2qn), Yaojia (Ky and Nenjiang (K2n) formations. The ratio of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units is approximately 20:5:2:1, corresponding to long orbital eccentricity (405 kyr), short orbital eccentricity (100 kyr), obliquity (37 kyr), and precession cycles (22.5 kyr and 18.4 kyr). The durations of the K2n, K2y, K2qn and K2q are estimated as 6.97, 1.83, 5.30 and 4.52 Myr, respectively, based on the constructed ∼18.62 Myr “floating” astronomical time scale (ATS). Comparison of the durations between the SK-1 s and SK-2 boreholes exhibits a slight difference of 0.06 Myr and 0.459 Myr for K2qn and K2y. Nevertheless, our ATS of K2n supports the chronostratigraphic frame constructed by the CA-ID-TIMS data of the SK-1s borehole. This new “floating” ATS provides precise numerical ages for stratigraphic boundaries, biozones and geological events in the Songliao Basin, and can serve as a basis for correlation of strata and events between marine and terrestrial systems. © 2020 Geological Society of China 2020 English 10009515 10.1111/1755-6724.14497 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 94 John Wiley and Sons Inc 27-37 School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China 1 borehole; Cretaceous; detection method; eccentricity; marine environment; paleoclimate; proxy climate record; terrestrial environment; thorium, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083282420&doi=10.1111%2f1755-6724.14497&partnerID=40&md5=c0b89798bc66b453309834d97a1ca837 cited By 3 M.A. Xiaojuan W.U. Huaichun Q. Fang M. Shi S. Zhang T. Yang L.I. Haiyan C. Wang article Huang20201464 In the deep oil and gas drilling operations, estimation and prediction of the rheological properties for a drilling fluid are of crucial importance for precisely hydraulic calculating, cuttings carrying and wellbore stability controlling. Unfortunately, the existing well-known rheological models, such as Bingham Plastic, Power Law, Casson, and Herschel–Bulkley models neglect the effect of temperature on the apparent viscosity of water-based drilling fluid. In this paper, the rheological behavior of the poly-sulfonated drilling fluid applied to the Well SK-2 in Songliao basin, China, within a temperature range of 60–240°C, were experimentally determined using a FANN 50SL rheometer. Results showed that the apparent viscosity decreases with the increase of temperature, especially at the low shear rates. In the whole shear rate range, the rheology curve was divided into two parts. At low shear rates (&lt;170.3 s−1), the Herschel Bulkley model fitted well with the measured data, while at higher shear rates (&gt;170.3 s−1), the Bingham Plastic model got higher precision. Based on the viscosity equation recommended by the American Petroleum Institute, the temperature factor was introduced to modify the Herschel-Bulkley equation, and the apparent viscosity can be successfully predicted compared with the other commonly used rheological models. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2020 English 15567036 10.1080/15567036.2019.1604861 Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects 42 Taylor and Francis Inc. 1464-1475 College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, China; Remote sensing applied research laboratory, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing, China; School of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China 12 Drilling fluids; Infill drilling; Oil wells; Rheology; Viscosity, American Petroleum Institute; Estimation and predictions; Herschel-Bulkley equations; High temperature; Modifying factors; Prediction model; Rheological property; Water based drilling fluids, Shear deformation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064486183&doi=10.1080%2f15567036.2019.1604861&partnerID=40&md5=67097a3a8cba130cf155741a86d34be1 cited By 15 Y. Huang W. Zheng D. Zhang Y. Xi article Liu2020 Article 2020 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109555 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 541 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077389114&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2019.109555&partnerID=40&md5=d80f73a9d8353ec6964bd7f1ca399cd7 Cited by: 15 Wei Liu Huaichun Wu Linda A. Hinnov M'bark Baddouh Pujun Wang Youfeng Gao Shihong Zhang Tianshui Yang Haiyan Li Chengshan Wang article Peng2020 Continuous and high-resolution well logs from the SK-2 east (SK-2e) borehole in the Songliao Basin provide an opportunity to understand the relationship between astronomically forced climate and electrical responses in terrestrial Cretaceous strata. Here, we present well logs, mud logs, and core measurement data of lacustrine deposits in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Fm and of fluvial/deltaic deposits in the Quantou Fm. The multiresolution resistivity logs used for the cyclostratigraphic analysis include deep laterolog resistivity logs, resistivity image logs, and array induction logs. The results show that the resistivity of strata in Quantou Fm mainly reflects changes in clay content, and that resistivity logs can be used as paleoenvironmental and paleoclimate proxies in cyclostratigraphic studies of the Quantou Fm. For the Qingshankou Fm, formation resistivity is mainly affected by clay minerals, which contribute to the overall electrical conductivity, as well as nonconductive organic carbon. Increasing clay and organic carbon contents usually correspond to wetter and warmer climatic conditions. The phase relationship between resistivity logs and astronomical cyclicity depends on factors that control resistivity. Spectral analyses of lithological changes and resistivity logs indicate the presence of eccentricity, obliquity, and precession cycles throughout the Quantou Fm. This provides strong evidence that climate was the dominant control on cyclic sedimentation in the Quantou Fm. The floating astronomical timescale, which was established by calibrating extracted 405-kyr cycles from resistivity logs, reveals that the duration of Quantou Fm was approximately 5.5 Myr. Comparative analysis of power spectra reveals that the sensitivity of resistivity logs with specific resolutions to Milankovitch cycles with different frequencies is variable. Comprehensive analysis of multiresolution resistivity logs is a new method in cyclostratigraphy analysis that has the potential to be effective in detecting signals of Milankovitch cycles in terrestrial deposits. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 2020 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109858 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 555 Elsevier B.V. Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China borehole; Cretaceous; cyclic sedimentation; cyclostratigraphy; organic carbon; paleoclimate, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086774149&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2020.109858&partnerID=40&md5=dc8f3f812ad14d038d2dac9582d05a5e cited By 7 C. Peng C. Zou S. Zhang H. Wu Q. Lü H. Hou C. Wang article Liang2020 Undiscernible faults on seismic reflection profiles are referred to as subseismic faults. Although most subseismic faults are undetected, they play a significant role in understanding regional tectonic evolution and can influence the flow of oil and gas. The Songliao Basin in NE China is a typical Meso-Cenozoic continental petroliferous basin characterized by stable sedimentation, rift-depression dual structure, and large-scale oil and gas production. However, the characteristics of subseismic faults and their effect on petroleum resources remain not well understood. Here we reported findings from the SK-2 east borehole located in the Songliao Basin, which is the deepest (7018 m deep below ground surface) continental scientific drilling borehole in East Asia. We identified 46 subseismic faults at 2900-4200 m depth based on observations of core- scanning images, macro- and micro-structures, and well-logging data. Macro- and micro-structural analyses indicate that most of the subseismic faults in the borehole show normal slip. These observations suggest these subseismic faults may form in response to regional extension in the Shahezi (K1sh) period. The cross-cutting relationships among several groups of sheared fault planes or elongated veins filled in the fractures likely reflect multi-stage faulting. The subseismic faults are considered to be related to the nearby larger-scale faulting as interpreted on the seismic profile. Spatial correlation between the observed subseismic faults and elevated hydrocarbon concentrations documented by borehole mud gas logging suggests that the subseismic faults might have controlled gas migration in the study area. © 2020 Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Article 2020 English 23248858 10.1190/int-2019-0068.1 Interpretation 8 Society of Exploration Geophysicists 2 China; Songliao Basin; borehole; fault zone; gas flow; gas well; hydrocarbon migration; hydrocarbon resource; oil well; petroleum hydrocarbon; reservoir characterization; seismic reflection; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; well logging https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081207737&doi=10.1190%2fint-2019-0068.1&partnerID=40&md5=671997c042c72505a3ddcc39feabbe1d Cited by: 0 Shujun Liang Wei Gan Chengshan Wang article Liu202079 The working environment in hot dry rock boreholes, encountered in deep geothermal investigation drilling and ultra-deep geological drilling (up to 5000 m), is very difficult at the present stage. We have developed a drilling trajectory measuring instrumentation (DTMI), which is based on the interference fiber-optic gyro (FOG). This can work continuously, for 4 h, in an environment where the ambient temperature does not exceed 270 °C and the pressure does not exceed 120MPa. The DTMI is mainly divided into three parts: an external confining tube, a metal vacuum flask, and a FOG measurement probe. Here, we focus on the mechanical design, strength, and pressure field simulation analysis for the external tube, the structural design and temperature field simulation analysis for the vacuum flask, and the FOG Shupe error analysis and compensation in the temperature field. Finally, through the engineering applications of the SK-2 east borehole of the China Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project and the geothermal well of Xingreguan-2, the data measurements of the drilling trajectory were used to analyze the stability of the DTMI. The instrument realizes long-duration, high-stability work in the process of making trajectory measurements in an ultra-deep hole. The instrument has the characteristic of anti-electromagnetic interference and enables work to be carried out in the blind zone of existing technologies and instrumentation. Therefore, DTMI has great potential in the promotion and development of geological drilling technology. © Author(s) 2020. 2020 English 21930856 10.5194/gi-9-79-2020 Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 9 Copernicus GmbH 79-104 Institute of Crustal Dyanmics, CEA, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China; Institute of Exploration Technology of CAGS, Chengdu, 611730, China 1 Boreholes; Bottles; Electromagnetic pulse; Error compensation; Geology; Geothermal wells; Gyroscopes; Hot working; Infill drilling; Structural design; Temperature; Trajectories, Continental scientific drillings; Data measurements; Design and application; Engineering applications; Geological drilling; Temperature field simulation; Trajectory measurements; Working environment, Fiber optics, borehole geophysics; design method; drilling; fiber optics; geological survey; geothermal system; hot dry rock; instrumentation; measurement method; trajectory; well logging https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082403416&doi=10.5194%2fgi-9-79-2020&partnerID=40&md5=9c8aea60b6587921000971b7bc4a9a2e cited By 1 Y. Liu C. Wang G. Luo W. Ji article Li2020 The fossil record of Turonian to Santonian charophytes is very poor worldwide, probably due to the limited non-marine records from this age, when there was a global high stand in the relative sea level and, thus, a reduction in non-marine habitats. After this gap, the charophyte floras changed to their modern physiognomy, with dominance of the Characeae. Charophytes from the Turonian to Santonian in the Songliao Basin help to fill this significant gap in the evolution of charophytes. The recorded flora is formed by one member of the Clavatoraceae, Atopochara trivolvis var. restricta, and a greater diversity of Characeae, including Nodosochara (Turbochara) heilongjiangensis comb. nov., Lamprothamnium ellipticum, Lychnothamnus barbosai and Lychnothamnus quantouensis comb. nov. These findings showed that the Characeae began to dominate charophyte floras during the global sea level high stand, up to 8 Ma earlier than previously reported. The occurrence of the genus Lychnothamnus in the Turonian in the Songliao Basin represents the oldest record in Eurasia of this still-living genus. The occurrence of A. trivolvis var. restricta in the Turonian to Santonian in China in comparison with its previous records in the Albian?–Cenomanian in Europe indicates that this variety survived as a relict in North China, while the more-derived variety Atopochara trivolvis var. multivolvis had evolved elsewhere. The charophyte flora thrived in large, shallow, permanent freshwater lakes and sometimes in palustrine settings of the Quantou, Qingshankou and Yaojia formations, which explains its higher biodiversity in contrast with the other records that belong mainly to brackish settings. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 2020 English 00346667 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104154 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 274 Elsevier B.V. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Centre for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat-IRBio, Martí i Franquès s/n, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain biodiversity; biogeography; charophyte; dominance; flora; fossil record; lacustrine environment; paleoecology; Santonian; sea level; sedimentology; species diversity; species occurrence; taphonomy; Turonian, China; Europe; Songliao Basin, Characeae; Charales; Clavatoraceae; Lamprothamnium; Lychnothamnus https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077302064&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2019.104154&partnerID=40&md5=abcb1a97ea7013cbf33fe736e83a8bfb cited By 1 S. Li Q. Wang Y. Zhang X. Wan C. Martín-Closas article Qin2024168 Article 2020 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2020.01.05 Global Geology 23 38-70 1 Y. Gao Y. Jiao P. Wang R. Cheng G. Wang article Guo20191137 When the seismic wave propagates in the underground media, the seismic wave energy will show a certain degree of attenuation. The quality factor Q is an important parameter for measuring the absorption and attenuation properties of the underground rock, and is of great significance for describing the lithological characteristics and predicting the oil and gas distribution. In this paper, the Q value analysis technique based on S transformation ratio method for deep seismic reflection data was developed, and the more accurate Q value was obtained. Taking the Shahezi Formation in the Songliao Basin as the main target layer, the authors calculated the Q value of the post-stack deep seismic reflection profile across Well SK-2, and then generated the Q value profile to summarize Q value distribution characteristics of the Shahezi Formation. The Q value distribution characteristics, combined with the logging, stratification and gas anomaly data of Well SK-2, suggest that the Shahezi Formation is a gas reservoir, and this discovery provides a way for the next deep reservoir prediction. This conclusion provides an idea for the further deep reservoir prediction and can serve the deep geological survey project in Northeast China. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190514 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1137 – 1145 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107629646&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190514&partnerID=40&md5=91a6957c6b377f54f8eddccdba29259a Cited by: 1 Rui Guo Hesheng Hou Wei Fu Jin Yang Xuan Feng Zhanwu Lu Huailai Zhou article Hu20191161 The Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Songliao Basin was aimed at solving a series of scientific problems involved in Cretaceous paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental research, the development of deep exploration techniques, and the earth's deep resource survey. As the main borehole of the scientific drilling project of Songliao Basin, SK- 2 has collected continuous and in- situ geophysical log data. In this paper, geophysical log data were used to reveal the range of petrophysical parameters of rocks in Huoshiling Formation. Combined with laboratory core NMR test analysis, the authors studied the pore structure characteristics of different igneous reservoirs. The results show that the Huoshiling Formation mainly consists of andesite, tuff, complex conglomerate and tuff mudstone. The igneous facies are dominated by the explosive facies and the effusion facies. The andesite and complex conglomerate are characterized by high resistivity and low acoustic wave time difference. The characteristics of the tuff are low resistivity and high acoustic time difference, and the tuff mudstone has the lowest resistivity. The reservoir has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, but the tuff reservoir has developed small and medium pores and has relatively good physical properties, and hence it is a favorable reservoir. The research results provide strong support for further evaluation of deep oil and gas resources and stratigraphic structure in the Songliao Basin. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190516 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1161 – 1173 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107649383&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190516&partnerID=40&md5=207874787dd5a1caca221a58d5500da8 Cited by: 3 Dingyu Hu Changchun Zou Cheng Peng Wenshi Wang Qingtian Lü Hesheng Hou Yongyi Zhu Jinchang Zhang Hengchun Zhang Yujiao Ding Feng Lin Liwei Cui Rusheng Dou Changmin Xu Kun Zhuo Jinlei Yang article jia2019practice 2019 Drilling & Production Technology 42 31-34 1 Yan Jia Wang Wenshi Zhang Hengchun Xu Jie Cao Longlong article Qin2024168 Article 2019 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2019.01.10 Drilling & Production Technology 42 31-34+3 01 J. Yan W. Wang H. Zhang J. Xu L. Cao article Gao201973 2019 English 20959273 10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.017 Science Bulletin 64 Elsevier B.V. 73-75 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059665857&doi=10.1016%2fj.scib.2018.12.017&partnerID=40&md5=42b843a817874c2e942be305b53361ab cited By 21 Y. Gao C. Wang P. Wang Y. Huang C. Zou article 2019 2019 中国地质 46 中国地质 1200-1208 5 李立鑫 张丰琰 张恒春 汪伟 张毅 胡郁乐 article Hu20191193 Well Songke-2 is the deepest continental scientific drilling carried out by Asian countries. The logging temperature of Well Songke-2 Songke-2 was 241 °C after drilling for 38 hours, which created the highest well temperature application record of drilling engineering in China. The parameters of Well Songke-2 are mainly tested in two ways: one is integrated logging before casing, whereas the other is downhole parameter measurement while drilling which does not affect normal drilling work. Timely grasping the information such as the temperature while drilling plays a key supporting role in the adjustment of high temperature mud performance and the application of power tools. The authors carried out a series of researches on the problem of high temperature in Well Songke-2, and developed a storage type measurement while drilling instrument. The instrument was improved and designed through multiple rounds of research and finally it has been successfully applied to Well Songke-2. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190519 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1193 – 1199 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107682202&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190519&partnerID=40&md5=cdd64dfdc84d70712bb8ac29d2e884b5 Cited by: 3 Yule Hu Naipeng Liu Wei Wang Hengchun Zhang article Fu20191052 During implementation of the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering Project Well SK-2 in Songliao Basin, the most integrated core data of Shahezi Formation was obtained. And 43 abnormal strata of deep shale gas were preliminarily identified, with a cumulative thickness of 102 meters, indicating that Shahezi Formation has good deep energy prospect. For further analysis of oil and gas resources potential of Shahezi Formation in Songliao basin, in this paper, on the basis of previous studies and in combination with well logging, core data of Well SK-2 and the newly acquired 2-d seismic data in the north-south direction crossing Well SK-2, the spatial distribution and sequence characteristics of Shahezi formation in the vicinity of Well SK-2 well were analyzed. At the same time, based on gas abnormal data acquired form logging during drilling, the authors studied logging and seismic responses of oil and gas perspective reservoirs in Shahezi Formation. It is shown that the Shahezi Formation adjacent to Well SK-2 has large thickness but small lateral extension, and hence the authors divided it into 4 stratigraphic sequences based on well logging as well as seismic and core data, i.e., SQ1, SQ2, SQ3 and SQ4. Among the 4 stratigraphic sequences, SQ4 has a better energy prospect. Its lithology is dominated by mudstone and has the characteristics of high porosity and low wave impedance on logging curves, with continuous strong amplitude on seismic section. Impedance inversion section shows the characteristics of large wave impedance alternated with many smaller wave impedances. Thus, the occurrence conditions of deep natural gas resources of Shahezi Formation in this area are revealed. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190507 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1052 – 1060 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107642493&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190507&partnerID=40&md5=bcc115183da2b3ba582f825644560339 Cited by: 4 Wei Fu Hesheng Hou Jiaodong Zhang Cai Liu Xuan Feng Zhanwu Lu article Zhang2019147 Latitudinal temperature gradients are a defining characteristic of the climate system. Using thermometric indicators, including δ18O, plant and animal fossils, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) proxies, and clumped isotope estimates, we document marine and terrestrial temperature gradients for the latest Cretaceous, Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, Early Oligocene, Pliocene, and Recent. The changes in gradients reflect the transition greenhouse to icehouse conditions. The evolution of latitudinal temperature gradients in marine and terrestrial realms are similar but has some distinctive differences. Marine temperatures are generally warmer than those on land. Except for the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, the marine records show distinct inflection points at ~30° and ~50° latitude indicating the existence of frontal systems in the ocean. Except for the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, the marine records show an increasingly steeper trend, from latest Cretaceous through Recent, being most pronounced after the Early Oligocene greenhouse-icehouse transition. This trend reflects the increasing intensity of high-latitude and polar cooling as the icehouse state developed. During the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene the oceans were characterized by slightly warmer tropics and much warmer higher latitudes than at present. The continents have generally had tropical temperatures like those of today, varying by &lt;5 °C. Higher latitude temperatures cooled during the latest Cretaceous, became much warmer during the Late Paleocene-Early Eocene, then cooled during the Early Oligocene and have become increasingly colder since then. The results suggest that there is a climate thermostat mechanism, probably related to greenhouse gas concentrations, that ameliorates tropical warming by redistributing warmth to the poles in the greenhouse world. That mechanism broke down as greenhouse gas concentrations declined resulting in the conversion from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 2019 English 00128252 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.01.025 Earth-Science Reviews 189 Elsevier B.V. 147-158 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, China; Department of Geological Sciences and University Museum, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2045 Windcliff Dr, Estes Park, CO 80517, United States climate variation; Cretaceous; glacial-interglacial cycle; greenhouse gas; Oligocene; paleoceanography; Paleocene-Eocene boundary; paleoclimate; Pliocene; temperature gradient; thermometry, Animalia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060761902&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2019.01.025&partnerID=40&md5=59b1c3b1251ab72811305de8e7ad5c63 cited By 28 L. Zhang W.W. Hay C. Wang X. Gu article Wang20191126 收稿日期：2019-04-03；改回日期：2019-09-16 基金项目：中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20160207）；国家重点研发专项（2017YFC0601305）及国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41504076)联合资助。作者简介：王天琪，女，1994年生，硕士生，主要从事综合地球物理调查研究工作；E-mail：641149482 @qq.com。通讯作者：韩江涛，男，1982年生，副教授，主要从事深部地球物理勘查工作；E-mail：hanjt@jlu.edu.cn。Abstract: Songliao Basin is a Meso-Cenozoic continental sedimentary basin in Northeast China. Based on a detailed analysis of the Paleozoic stratigraphic characteristics, sedimentary environment and tectonic evolution in Northeast China, the authors conducted the interpretation of the comprehensive geophysical data across Well SK- 2 to investigate the properties and geophysical characteristics of the basement in this paper. On the SN profile, the authors have found some phenomena: the Bouguer gravity anomaly in Well SK-2 is high in the middle and low on both sides; the magnetic anomaly shows a negative correlation with gravity anomaly; magnetotelluric properties are characterized by partial layers and high-low resistance crossover in the shallow part and partial regions in the deep part. On the EW profile, the gravity anomaly curve has the trend high in the west and low in the east; the magnetic anomaly curve is“bowl-shaped”; there exists a high resistance structure compared with features of the SN-trending profile. Combining geophysical characteristics with lithofacies palaeogeography, the authors have reached the following conclusions: 1. From the Late Carboniferous to Late Permian in the Upper Paleozoic, there were many sedimentary environments such as shallow marine facies, continental facies, rivers and lakes. The corresponding lithologic combinations had different physical characteristics; 2. The geomagnetic characteristics of the gravity, magnetic method and magnetotelluric sounding's results reveal that the basement of the study area is mainly composed of mudstone, marble and intrusive rocks, and the burial depth of the roof of the basement is about 7km. The base of the study area is formed by the Upper Paleozoic and intrusive rocks. 3. The location and orientation of the Binzhou fault zone, the Sunwu-Shuangliao fault zone, the Helen-Renmin fault zone and the deep fault system are identified. The fault structures are mainly dominated by SN and EW trending structures. They are important components of the Paleozoic structural skeleton and control the migration and storage of deep oil and gas. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190513 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1126 – 1136 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104542494&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190513&partnerID=40&md5=a44f66ee925829f3c9d2094e1b85fdc7 Cited by: 4 Tianqi Wang Jiangtao Han Hesheng Hou Wenyu Liu Yanwu Guan Guoqing Ma Zikun Zhou article Hou2019943 With the maturation of oil and gas exploration and development in Songliao basin, it is urgent to expand strategic replacement areas for oil and gas storage and production. In this task，deep oil and gas seem to be an important direction. Roof gas logging with continuous sampling in the whole well section of Well SK-2 obtained 6042 groups of light hydrocarbon composition data containing 103 monomers，and fully demonstrated vertical variation characteristics of light hydrocarbon components in the deep part of Well SK-2，which shows obvious segmentation. As a whole, it can be divided into 6 sections: section I (470-1000 m in well section), which has a small peak area, a small number of peak outfalls, and a low heavy hydrocarbon content, showing the characteristics of shallow and low-mature oil and gas; Section II (well section 1000-2800 m) has a large peak area, a large number of peaks and a high heavy hydrocarbon content. It is a mature type I source rock and a conventional oil and gas section dominated by oil generation; Section III (2800-3320 m in well section) has fewer and scattered peaks, low content of heavy hydrocarbon and no hydrocarbon source rocks, which are characteristic of reservoirs; Section IV (3320- 5940 m in well section) is the upper unconventional gas section of Shahezi Formation, with a large peak area and a large number of peak outputs, high content of heavy hydrocarbon, being Type III source rocks with large thickness in the maturation - over-maturation stage, and sandstone interbeds can form various types of unconventional natural gas, suggesting an important section for future exploration; Section V (5940-6200 m in well section) is the lower part of Shahezi Formation and Huoshiling Formation, and the peak area and peak number of roof gas are scattered within the section which is considered to be in the stage of over-maturation; Section VI (6200-7108 m in well section) is volcanic rock and basement segment, and the peak area and number of peaks are generally low. However, the peak area of top gas in 7000-7100 m well segment shows that the light hydrocarbon parameters are different from those of section V, and it is inferred that there may be gas sources of type II-III organic matter in the deep part. These characteristics show that the vertical distribution of light hydrocarbon components reflects the different characteristics among Jurassic, Cretaceous and the basal formations in oil and gas formation, maturation, gas content and oil and gas sources. The results obtained by the authors reveal the potential of deep unconventional gas resource, and provide an important foundation for Songliao Basin's exploration shift from conventional oil and gas exploration and tight conglomerate gas exploration at the edge of fault depression to deep trough zone for the exploration and expansion of unconventional natural gas. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190501 Geology in China 46 Science Press 943-953 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; Institute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Hebei, Langfang, 065000, China; Oil and Gas Survey Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil and Gas Geology, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100083, China; No. 1 Logging Company, Daqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang, Daqing, 163000, China 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107629551&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190501&partnerID=40&md5=136c4a56536b37d099c737e8952c29b6 cited By 1 H. Hou J. Zhang W. Wang L. Yang G. Xiao W. Fu H. Miao S. Xu Q. Zeng X. Liu D. Wang W. Zhang article Zhang2019119 The second continental scientific drilling (SKII east) borehole in the Songliao Basin has been planned to be the deepest borehole to drill through the Cretaceous continental strata under the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) up to date. This borehole was designed not only to explore the potential relationships between dinosaur extinction and climate environment during the Cretaceous but also to achieve new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration. The high hydrocarbon (oil and gas) potential of a source rock is highly dependent on its organic content. We used geophysical log data of Borehole SKII east to evaluate the organic content of organic-rich source rock. In the period of the first member in the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) from the study area, high accommodation space and anoxic environment could promote organic matter deposition. Firstly, based on geological information and abundant geophysical log data, the basic geophysical characteristics (including petrophysical, lithological, mineralogical, and sedimentary properties) of the Qingshankou Formation in Borehole SKII east were studied. Secondly, geophysical log response characteristics (including resistivity, porosity, radioactivity, mineral and element) of organic-rich source rocks were analyzed. Thirdly, we tried to obtain suitable methods to predict total organic carbon (TOC) content of the target formation with geophysical log data. The laboratorymeasured TOC values of core samples from Borehole SKI south were used to make calibrations with calculated TOC values from geophysical logs. Results from improved ΔlogR technique and Dual_Vsh method are consistent, and indicate that these two methods are effective in this formation. The calculated TOC values from these two methods are relatively desirable, and show that the organic-rich source rocks with high TOC content occurred in the K2qn1 (1646.00~1669.00 m). The highest TOC content can reach 9.15%. The bed thicknesses of organic-rich source rocks are totally up to 7.88 m. These organic-rich source rocks can be considered as excellent. This study demonstrated that improve ΔlogR technique can be applied to evaluate source rocks in the formations without maturity data, and the new method Dual_Vsh is also valid in the Qingshankou Formation. The organic-rich source rock evaluation results could promote further exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the upper Cretaceous formations, Songliao Basin. © 2019, The Association of Korean Geoscience Societies and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. 2019 English 12264806 10.1007/s12303-018-0013-4 Geosciences Journal 23 Korean Association of Geoscience Societies 119-135 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), No. 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Development and research center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046042430&doi=10.1007%2fs12303-018-0013-4&partnerID=40&md5=84267cdd0c2788f69ef62f1ea57abd4b cited By 4 X. Zhang C. Zou J. Zhao N. Li S. Zhang K.S. Kouamelan L. Xiao H. Ma Y. Niu article Hu20191161 The Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Songliao Basin was aimed at solving a series of scientific problems involved in Cretaceous paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental research, the development of deep exploration techniques, and the earth's deep resource survey. As the main borehole of the scientific drilling project of Songliao Basin, SK- 2 has collected continuous and in- situ geophysical log data. In this paper, geophysical log data were used to reveal the range of petrophysical parameters of rocks in Huoshiling Formation. Combined with laboratory core NMR test analysis, the authors studied the pore structure characteristics of different igneous reservoirs. The results show that the Huoshiling Formation mainly consists of andesite, tuff, complex conglomerate and tuff mudstone. The igneous facies are dominated by the explosive facies and the effusion facies. The andesite and complex conglomerate are characterized by high resistivity and low acoustic wave time difference. The characteristics of the tuff are low resistivity and high acoustic time difference, and the tuff mudstone has the lowest resistivity. The reservoir has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, but the tuff reservoir has developed small and medium pores and has relatively good physical properties, and hence it is a favorable reservoir. The research results provide strong support for further evaluation of deep oil and gas resources and stratigraphic structure in the Songliao Basin. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190516 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1161-1173 Key Laboratory of Geo-Detection, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Exploration Techniques, China Geological Survey, Hebei, Langfang, 065300, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; Tianjin Branch, CNPC Logging, Tianjin, 300280, China; Cores and Samples Center of Natural Resources, China Geological Survey, Yanjiao, Hebei, 065201, China 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107649383&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190516&partnerID=40&md5=207874787dd5a1caca221a58d5500da8 cited By 3 D. Hu C. Zou C. Peng W. Wang Q. Lü H. Hou Y. Zhu J. Zhang Y. Ding F. Lin L. Cui R. Dou C. Xu K. Zhuo J. Yang article Yang20193106 The basic principle of diametrical core deformation analysis method(DCDA) in-situ stress testing method, core diameter testing instrument and testing process based on laser rangefinder were introduced, and the method was applied on the in-situ stress measurement of igneous rock strata on the base of 6 645-6 846 m in SK2. The results show that the core diameter curves after stress relief are sinusoidal with a periodic change of π, and the long axis and the short axis of the ellipse are nearly orthogonal. The test results conform with the theory results of DCDA method and can reflect the in-situ stress information. The direction of the elliptical long axis of core section is the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress. According to the results of core paleomagnetic orientation, the maximum horizontal principal stress direction of 6 645-6 845 m in SK2 is determined to NE72°-83°. By taking into account the core elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio, the horizontal principal stress difference of 6 645 m in SK2 is determined to be about 35 MPa, and the horizontal principal stress difference of 6 845-6 846 m is about 55 MPa, which are almost consistent with the results of ASR in situ stress measurement. The successful application of DCDA method in the field of 6 645-6 846 m in SK2 well provides a new way to obtain the information of the deep in-situ stress, especially in the complex geological conditions of ultra deep or high temperature drilling and relatively broken formation. In this case, when the stress relief method and hydraulic fracturing method are difficult to implement, while the method can still obtain more reliable in-situ stress data. At the same time, this method is not limited by the depth and temperature environment of the borehole, and only needs nearly homogeneous and isotropic cylindrical core, and does not involve cutting and grinding the core, which is conducive to the reuse of the deep precious core. © 2019, Central South University Press. All right reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 16727207 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2019.12.020 Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 50 Central South University of Technology 3106 – 3113 12 Deformation; Igneous rocks; Indium compounds; Instrument testing; Range finders; Stress measurement; Stresses; Complex geological condition; Core diameters; Homogeneous and isotropic; Hydraulic fracturing methods; In-situ stress measurement; Insitu stress; Maximum horizontal principal stress; Temperature environments; Stress relief https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079549089&doi=10.11817%2fj.issn.1672-7207.2019.12.020&partnerID=40&md5=fe5c948f5986125f8e24445451ed3f91 Cited by: 5 Yuehui Yang Dongsheng Sun Xiuhua Zheng Weiren Lin Awei Li article Qin2024168 Article 2019 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2019.02.009 Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 58 232-248 2 Y. Wu J. Li H. Zhu article Li201947 Charophyte assemblages from the mid-Campanian and lower Paleocene of the SK-1(North) borehole in the Songliao Basin (NE China) are here re-studied. Four charophyte biozones and one superzone are defined in the Sifangtai and Mingshui formations and correlated to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale. These include a mid–late Campanian Atopochara trivolvis ulanensis Zone, a latest Campanian – early Maastrichtian Microchara gobica Zone, a late Maastrichtian Microchara prolixa Zone, and an earliest Danian Peckichara sinuolata Zone. The latter three zones are grouped within the Microchara cristata Superzone, which allows intra- and intercontinental correlation with other basins in China and Europe. Peckichara sinuolata first appears in chron C29r (upper Mingshui Formation) and is proposed as the basal marker of the Paleocene. The biozonation of the K/Pg interval proposed for the Songliao Basin differs from a previous biozonation proposed in the Pingyi Basin since it represents a different biogeographical and palaeoecological context. In the mid-Campanian to Maastrichtian, the flora was limited to freshwater lakes in northern China and Mongolia, whereas in the Pingyi Basin, brackish water dominated. In the Paleocene, the Songliao Basin contained a diverse flora consisting of nine species that thrived in terrigenous and temporary lakes, whereas the flora in the Pingyi Basin was dominated by one species inhabiting permanent alkaline lakes. The species common to the two basins are widely distributed in Eurasia and constitute a useful tool for long-distance correlations, but serve as a less-precise tool for detailed biostratigraphical subdivision within one specific basin. © The Palaeontological Association 2019 English 20562802 10.1002/spp2.1225 Papers in Palaeontology 5 Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd 47-81 CAS Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy & Palaeogeography, Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, Centre for Excellence in Life & Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, Centre for Excellence in Life & Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology & Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology & Palaeontology, Center for Excellence in Life & Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology & Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l'Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051059740&doi=10.1002%2fspp2.1225&partnerID=40&md5=6cbcc0f522e80100553e8f002bda2fae cited By 18 S. Li Q. Wang X. Wan C. Martín-Closas article Li20191200 Deep-well combined drill string technology has become one of the most important scheme to solve the super-long drill string used for ultra-deep drilling project, which is related to equipment capacity, material property, drilling conditions and string mechanics. In this paper, the application and development of combined drill string technology in geological drilling are summarized systematically, the design scheme and its limitation length are discussed in detail on the basis of strength theory. The results show that the drilling mission with the depth of 13000m could not be finished by simply using pure steel combined drill string with the final borehole diameter being 216mm. By using drill string consisting of V150 steel drill pipe & titanium alloy drill pipe and S135 steel drill pipe & aluminum alloy drill pipe, the limitation depth and the weight of each combined drill string are respectively 13484m, 18783m and 360.5, 324.3t; in this way both of them own application reliability and advantage. These results have reference significance to the design and selection of deep-well combined drill string used for ultra-deep drilling project. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190520 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1200-1208 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; China Deep Exploration Center, China Geological Survey, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; Institute of Exploration Techniques, CAGS, Hebei, Langfang, 065000, China; China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Hubei, Wuhan, 430074, China 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113281700&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190520&partnerID=40&md5=4ba670f469722b81c357bd05e78d8098 cited By 1 L. Li F. Zhang W. Wang Y. Zhang Y. Hu article Yu2019160 The Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China, is of great significance because it records a series of geological, geodynamical and paleoenvironmental events, such as lake transgression events, lake anoxic events, sea water incursion events, Cretaceous Normal Superchron, and important stratigraphic boundaries. Here we report a chronology for the non-marine Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation based on secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) U–Pb zircon analyses from the east borehole of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling and two outcrop sections, which are located in different structural provinces of the Songliao Basin. Stratigraphic correlation between the borehole sequence and the exposed outcrop sections is achieved by combining lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and SIMS U–Pb zircon geochronology. Two bentonite layers are recognized in the Nenjiang Formation: the older occurs at the formational contact between the Yaojia and Nenjiang Formations; the younger occurs between Members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation. SIMS U–Pb zircon dating yields ages of 85.1–85.2 Ma and 83.0–83.3 Ma, respectively, representing ages of the boundaries of the Yaojia/Nenjiang Formations and Members 1/2 of the Nenjiang Formation, as well as ages of lake transgression events and associated lake anoxic events, and two of the sea water incursion events. Furthermore, the age of Cretaceous Normal Superchron termination can be estimated at 82.5–82.8 Ma. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd 2019 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2019.05.006 Cretaceous Research 102 Academic Press 160-169 State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China Cretaceous; geochronology; mass spectrometry; paleoenvironment; uranium-lead dating; zircon, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068502817&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2019.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=e84c180e76d64de26009ba062518ba80 cited By 17 Z. Yu H. He C. Deng D. Xi Z. Qin X. Wan C. Wang R. Zhu article Qin2024168 Article 2019 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1132.2019.01.008 Natural Gas Technology and Economy 13 34-38+82 01 X. Liu H. Wu X. Yan Y. Li article ZhengYuejuan 2019 1000-3657 10.12029/gc20190527 Geology in China 46 1245-1246 5 /article/id/5fdc5ee1ed73f80a08606525 Zheng Yuejuan Chen Shuwang Zhang Dejun Huang Xin article Ma2019350 Thermal conductivity is an important parameter to study the deep thermal structure of the sedimentary basin. The traditional way to obtain the thermal conductivity by measurement of deep core test is limited by funding, sampling conditions and some other factors. Meanwhile, due to the reason that geothermal wells are affected by temperature and pressure conditions, indoor test results cannot represent the in-situ thermal conductivity of the rocks. In this study, the measured thermal conductivity and logging parameters of cores from 3 289 to 4 536 meters in the third spudding of well Songke 2 are obtained, and the relationship between thermal conductivity of sandstone, mudstone and rhyolite and logging parameters was analyzed. The results show that correlation between porosity, wave velocity and thermal conductivity of sandstone logging parameters is obvious, but the correlation for mudstone and rhyolite is not high. On such a basis, the authors analyzed the influence of temperature and pressure on the thermal conductivity of the Songliao Basin. It is concluded that the thermal conductivity of the third spudding of well Songke 2 in Songliao Basin is reduced by about 30% due to temperature effect, and the thermal conductivity is increased by about 10% due to pressure effect compared with 36the measured values in laboratory. The results of this study can provide a new idea for the acquisition of deep thermal conductivity and geothermal flow value of basins in China, especially for some abandoned wells with logging dates but can not obtain deep cores. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10063021 10.3975/cagsb.2019.021101 Acta Geoscientica Sinica 40 Science Press 350 – 360 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067111690&doi=10.3975%2fcagsb.2019.021101&partnerID=40&md5=80c8bd4c06f5e15b8b02890bb9fbdf8d Cited by: 7 Feng Ma Gui-Ling Wang Zhan-Xue Sun Wei Zhang He-Sheng Hou Xiao-Yang Guo article Yin2019644 2019 English 20959273 10.1016/j.scib.2019.03.020 Science Bulletin 64 Elsevier B.V. 644-646 Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; School of Petroleum Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063965953&doi=10.1016%2fj.scib.2019.03.020&partnerID=40&md5=90837d1e8cd677c03e082790a1e6a090 cited By 12 Y. Yin Y. Gao P. Wang X. Qu H. Liu article basin2019fine 2019 Songliao Basin Shuo LIU You-feng GAO Yong-kang YIN Hai-bo LIU Hong-hao LI Pu-jun WANG article Fu20191349 In order to reveal the fine structure of the lithosphere adjacent to Well SK-2, a deep seismic reflection profile crossing Well SK-2 was laid out in the Songliao Basin (SB), with the trend north to south. Data acquisition was featured in the shooting technique of multi-scale explosive source and data reception by large offset with smaller trace distance in key area. Besides, processing flow of high fidelity and amplitude-preservation was undertaken to get the pre-stack migrated seismic reflection profile with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. As the result, the profile shows strong reflections from settled layers alternate with and weak reflections of igneous rock beneath T4 reflector, and two residuals of upper Paleozoic stratums are distinguished out, one is beneath Well SK-2 (TWT, 3.5~4 s), the other is beneath the Renmin-Yong'an Terrace (CDP, 3500~4500, TWT, 3.5~4 s). Some paralleled seismic patterns dipping north can be observed in the middle and lower crust, as well as some strong but short lenticular reflectors are observed beneath Zhonghe Fault Depression, and the overall contour of these lenticular reflectors is like a mushroom cloud, we interpret this phenomenon as the hot material from downward in the lithosphere extension environment. The Moho in the north part shows strong near-horizontal continuous reflection, while the Moho in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in the south shows weak reflection. Three types of upper mantle reflections are distinguished on the deep seismic profile, including inclined mantle reflections, near-horizontal mantle reflections and super-deep reflections in the mantle. It is inferred that they are the early subduction relics, bottom of early thickened crust and the present lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB). Based on the latest results of deep seismic profile detecting crossing Well SK-2, this paper study structure features preserved in the lithosphere of Songnen Massif with tectonic superposition of Palo-Asia Ocean regime, Mongol-Okhotsk regime and Palo-Pacific regime, thus providing a new perspective for the discussion of the formation cause, tectonic background and dynamic factors of Songliao Basin. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved. 2019 Chinese 00015733 10.6038/cjg2019M0370 Acta Geophysica Sinica 62 Science Press 1349-1361 College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China 4 Atomic physics; Data acquisition; Faulting; Igneous rocks; Reflection; Seismic waves; Seismology; Signal to noise ratio, Deep seismic reflection profiles; Deep seismic reflections; Lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; Mantle reflections; Moho; Seismic reflection profiles; Songliao basin; Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Structural geology, fault zone; igneous rock; lithospheric structure; mantle structure; Moho; Paleozoic; seismic reflection; signal-to-noise ratio; subduction; upper mantle, China; Fujian; Heilongjiang; Mongol-Okhotsk Fold Belt; Songliao Basin; Xujiaweizi; Yongan, Basidiomycota https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066424100&doi=10.6038%2fcjg2019M0370&partnerID=40&md5=effa11e8d062e1ce1ba122c6c688b9bd cited By 7 W. Fu H. Hou R. Gao C. Liu J. Yang R. Guo article Xu20191184 The completion depth of Well Songke 2 is 7108.88 m. At the time 38h after the well completion, the bottom hole temperature was 241℃. Three kinds of drilling fluids were investigated in laboratory according to the formation and temperature conditions, and they respectively are the potassium chloride-polysulfonate system which is resistant to temperature of 180℃, the polymer drilling fluid which is resistant to 230℃ and formate-polymer drilling fluid which is resistant to 250℃. The experimental data show that these drilling fluids have good high temperature stability and low HTHP filtration loss. Through detecting the quality of drilling fluid real time, the predicted problems could happen through over- temperature detection, which make indoor experiments to guide in- site maintenance in the project construction, ensure the stability performance at high temperature interval, and guarantee the coring operation smoothly. In addition, the drilling fluid of each system achieves a safe and smooth transition during the conversion, without any waste slurry, which greatly saves the cost. The logging and casing running before cementing could be successfully completed at one time, which further proves that the drilling fluid used has good high temperature stability. © 2019 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. Article 2019 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20190518 Geology in China 46 Science Press 1184 – 1193 5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107618279&doi=10.12029%2fgc20190518&partnerID=40&md5=e29fba26f4b18a703433fd0d2a047646 Cited by: 3 Jie Xu Yongyi Zhu Xiaoming Wu Wenshi Wang Hengchun Zhang Jia Yan Longlong Cao Lin Xu Linsheng Zhang Wenlong Zheng book WangChengshan2019Iroc 2019 eng 9780128129289 Initial report of continental scientific drilling project of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin (SK-1) in China Elsevier

Amsterdam, The Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA

Boring -- China -- Heilongjiang Sheng; Boring -- China -- Jilin Sheng; Boring -- China -- Liaoning Sheng Chengshan Wang article ZHAOJinhuan <p>In order to conduct long-term deep observation, fluid experiments and investigate volcanic events in Songliao basin, the authors carried out lithological evaluation of volcanic rocks in Yingcheng Formation by using abundant and complete geophysical logs from SK-2 east borehole. The log response analysis of volcanic rocks shows that the radioactivity and electric conductivity of tuffs are the strongest. Agglomeratic lavas have low density because of high porosity. The density of rhyolites is the highest and the electric conductivity is the weakest. Volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation along SK-2 east borehole consist of rhyolites, transitional tuffl lavas, agglomeratic lavas and a little tuffs by using cross plots and imaging models. A volcanic eruptive gap may exist, as evidenced by tuff with high GR, low RD and low DEN. Rhyolites are characterized by high alkali, high Si, low Fe and low clay mineral. T₂ analysis suggests that the rhyolites are favorable for carrying out long-term observations and fluid experiments. The results provide a reference of interpretation for subsequent volcanic rock in Huoshilin Formation and research of volcanic rocks in the whole basin.</p> 2019 1000-3657 10.12029/gc20190517 Geology in China 46 1174-1183 5 deep exploration engineering, SK-2 east borehole, volcanic rocks, log response characteristics, lithological evaluation /article/id/5fdc5ee1ed73f80a08606528 Jinhuan ZHAO Changchun Zou Wenshi Wang Xiaohuan ZHANG Yongyi Zhu Jinchang Zhang Hengchun Zhang Yujiao Ding Feng Lin Yuxing QIN Hai ZHOU Wenlong SUN article jie2018ultra The well Songke-2 is a high temperature deep scientific exploration well deployed in the Songliao Basin, its purpose is to penetrate the Cretaceous formations to obtain the records of basal continental deposit. The bottom hole temperature has been predicted to be over 220 ℃. Measures for preventing borehole wall collapse are especially important in drilling the fourth and fifth intervals since borehole wall collapse has occurred previously in drilling the interbedded mudstone and sandstone in the Shahezi formation, and the broken tuff, mudstone and coal seam in the Huoshiling formation, which were to be penetrated by the fourth and fifth intervals of the well. Continuous coring was to be conducted in the fourth and fifth intervals, and frequent tripping of drill string gave a big challenge to borehole wall stabilization because of long time contact of the open hole with drilling fluid. The adoption of different drilling techniques in turn gave a challenge to drilling fluid. A high temperature polymer drilling fluid has been formulated to deal with these challenges. The composition of the drilling fluid is as follows: 1.0% bentonite + 2% attapulgite +0.2%KOH +(0.5%-1.0%) high MW filter loss reducer +1% moderate MW filter loss reducer + 2.5% filming agent + (2%-4%)SMC +2%FT +3%KCl + 2%NaCOOH +3% white oil. At the beginning of the fourth interval, the mud left over from the third interval was evaluated and converted for re-use in the fourth interval based on large amount of pilot tests. In the fifth interval, the property of the mud was greatly modified because of the needs for dealing with downhole troubles. When the downhole troubles were resolved, the mud property was gradually adjusted to a stable state. In field application the mud property was adjusted at all times in accordance with the requirements of drilling operations. The mud had good rheology at high temperatures and good high temperature stability. High temperature resistance of the mud formulation was 240 ℃ based on laboratory test. The mud property was still satisfactory even after hot rolling for 72 ℃, providing strong technical support for the success of drilling operation. The drilling fluid technology used in drilling the well Songke-2 is of guiding significance in improving job quality of drilling and reducing exploration cost. © 2018, The Editorial Board of Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid. All right reserved. Article 2018 Chinese 10015620 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2018.02.004 钻井液与完井液 35 钻井液与完井液 29-34 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055041483&doi=10.3969%2fj.issn.1001-5620.2018.02.004&partnerID=40&md5=9cc87b1721143da78dabd5d51e18c7e6 Cited by: 8 Xu Jie Wu Xiaoming Wang Wenshi Yan Jia Zhang Hengchun Cao Longlong article Sun2018277 A hydraulic top drive is a high-power gyrator used in oil or scientific drilling rigs, whose shaft is connected to drill pipe when it drives drilling tools to excavate well. The output speed of top drive determines the speed of drill bit directly. Load acting on the top drive shaft fluctuates randomly, which will cause top drive output speed hard to be in consistent with the setting value. This paper presents a main transmission system of a hydraulic top drive designed for deep continental scientific drilling, which was built with a multi-stage mechanical structure and a closed circuit hydraulic system with variable displacement pumps and motors. Electro-hydraulic proportional control was applied to vary the speed of the hydraulic top drive. A theoretical model is detailed for the hydraulic top drive main transmission system. Among the new techniques proposed in this paper is a simulation model for studying the performance of hydraulic top drive and capturing speed characteristics under fluctuant load. A drilling experiment of the hydraulic top drive was performed on the CRUST-I drilling rig in CCSD-SK-II well site. This paper concludes by comparing the results of the simulation model with theoretical results and drilling experimental data gathered in the hydraulic top drive possessing the same architecture, components, and control methods used within the simulation model. The drilling experiment and the analysis result showed that the hydraulic top drive could meet the requirements of deep continental scientific drilling and that the speed could be output according to the setting speed with very small oscillation. The simulation model can be used for several applications such as hydraulic top drive design and performance analysis of various drilling conditions. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. 2018 English 09204105 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.04.003 Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 167 Elsevier B.V. 277-286 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Drilling and Exploitation Technology in Complex Conditions of Ministry Land Resources, Jilin University, Changchun, China; College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China Digital storage; Drilling rigs; Drills; Electric power transmission; Hydraulic tools; Oil well drilling; Speed, Continental scientific drillings; Electro-hydraulic proportional control; Fluctuating loads; Main transmission systems; Mechanical structures; Speed characteristics; Theoretical modeling; Variable displacement, Transmissions, acceleration; deep drilling; drilling rig; loading; numerical model; performance assessment; velocity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045577066&doi=10.1016%2fj.petrol.2018.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=64b2cca612b00c00c4306c7288b464db cited By 8 Y. Sun Y. Shi Q. Wang Z. Yao article Zou2018679 The Continental Scientific Drilling Project in the Songliao Basin, a major scientific project, was aimed at solving a variety of scientific problems involved in resources on deep strata, paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. As the main borehole of this project, the SK-2 East Borehole was designed to reach a depth of 6 400 m to penetrate the Cretaceous strata until reaching the base of the basin. Geophysical logs played an important role in the subsequent geoscience researches because very few core samples were recovered over the Upper Cretaceous intervals (i.e., Spud 1 and Spud 2). After the borehole was officially drilled, 4 uncased and cased hole logging operations were carried out in the Upper Cretaceous intervals using advanced imaging logging tools. Comprehensive log evaluation was implemented systematically. The preliminary scientific results were summarized as follows: (1) Abundant logs including conventional logs special logs and CBL logs (more than 20 parameters) were obtained in situ, and continuous and standard petrophysical parameters profiles of the Upper Cretaceous interval were established; (2) Stratigraphic division, lithological identification and fine interpretation of sediments and structures were completed; (3) Hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Quantou Formation, source rocks in the Nenjiang and Qingshankou Formation, abnormally high radioactivity interval in the Nenjiang Formation, and potential geothermal development layers over the Upper Cretaceous strata were identified; (4) Favorable geophysical log indexes for paleoclimate analysis in the Qingshankou Formation were studied; (5) The key drilling engineering information including accurate temperature, caliper, borehole trajectory and cementing quality was provided in time. The scientific results are crucial for establishing the scientific scale of geophysical exploration in the Songliao Basin, investigating paleoclimate and paleoenvironment, and implementing drilling engineering, which have established good foundations for achieving the whole scientific goals of this drilling project. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved. 2018 Chinese 10063021 10.3975/cagsb.2018.101602 Acta Geoscientica Sinica 39 Science Press 679-690 School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China; Tianjin Branch, CNPC Logging, Tianjin, 300280, China 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063251207&doi=10.3975%2fcagsb.2018.101602&partnerID=40&md5=45febe1702a40b19d1c66b6e33eedce2 cited By 8 C.-C. Zou X.-H. Zhang J.-H. Zhao C. Peng S.-X. Zhang N. Li L. Xiao Y.-X. Niu Y.-J. Ding Y.-X. Qin F. Lin article liwei2018research 2018 CHINA MINING MAGAZINE 27 China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd 159-163 8 CUI Liwei ZHANG Chenguang ZHANG Sujiang JIANG Ailing LIU Guiyun article song2018morphology 2018 Diqiu Kexue 43 Gai Kan Bianjibu 1997-2006 6 Y Song Z Qian J Zhang S Andrei article Zhu2018187 Songke Well No.2, one of the main part of the scientific drilling project in Songliao Basin, which was drilled 7018 m and acquired the part of cores continuously from the Low Cretaceous to the Carboniferous and the Permian from the 2843 m deep, can be considered as the deepest continental drilling project in Asia. Aiming at the features of longer well sections, larger diameters and multiple spud-ins for coring of Songke Well No.2, this project broke through the “coring in small diameter and reaming in large diameter” spud-in drilling-completion procedures which are always used in large-diameter-well coring for continental scientific drilling projects in domestic and overseas and the drilling method of short-single-cylinder roundtrip footage. At the same time, “coring in the same diameter and completing drilling at one single diameter” was achieved at all φ311 mm and φ216 mm coring sections of more than one thousand meters long, high-efficient operation with “drilling long footage with drill tools combined in multi-cylinders” was achieved at deep coring section. Four world drilling records were created which include more than a thousand meters continuous coring at φ311 mm, and the footage per roundtrip footage at φ311 mm, φ216 mm and φ152 mm is all more than 30 m, all of these breakthroughs reduced at least 300 days for this project; moreover, considering the characteristics of formations that the geothermal gradient is high in the drilled sections and the inside-well temperature is over 240°C after drilling completion, a formate-polymer water-based mud system was developed by compounding attapulgite and sodium bentonite and by adding independently developed high-temperature stabilizer, which can provide critical technical support for successful well completion at 7018 m in the super-high-temperature environment It is the first time that the water-based mud is operated at the working temperature higher than 240°C in China; Besides, considering the high-quality requirement on cores imposed by the project, the method “mechanical cored is charge” to discharge core nondestructively on the ground was worked out, and more than 4000 m scatheless cores were discharged out of the drill pipes while maintaining original stratum structures. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 2018 English 20965192 10.31035/cg2018031 China Geology 1 KeAi Communications Co. 187-201 Institute of Exploration Techniques, China Geological Survey, Langfang, 065000, China; China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059667717&doi=10.31035%2fcg2018031&partnerID=40&md5=0ab07e870be4e7d8b73fad0d651a26f7 cited By 10 Y.-Y. Zhu W.-S. Wang X.-M. Wu H.-C. Zhang J. Xu J. Yan L.-L. Cao H.-Q. Ran J.-C. Zhang article 2018 Acta Geologica Sinica 92 1971-1984 10 Y. Zhu W. Wang H. Zhang J. Yan L. Cao J. Xu Q. Meng X. Tan article Qin2024168 Article 2018 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2018.10.032 Drilling Engineering 45 171-176 10 H. Zhang J. Yan X. Tan Q. Meng W. Wang L. Cao Y. Zhu J. Xu article 2018 Exploration Engineering (Rock &, Soil Drilling and Tunneling) 45 171-176 10 H. Zhang J. Yan X. Tan Q. Meng W. Wang L. Cao Y. Zhu J. Xu article Yang2018138 In contrast to glacio-eustasy, which is mainly controlled by the waxing and waning of continental ice sheets during icehouse climate stages, the concept of aquifer or limno-eustasy suggests that the effects of groundwater storage and release may have been the main driver of short-term (10s kyr to a few Myr) sea-level changes in the Cretaceous ice-free world. Presumably climate-controlled hydrological cycling could change the water volumes of continental reservoirs and oceans by transporting water between continents and oceans, resulting in out-of-phase relation between lake and sea levels. In the present study, we present lake-level fluctuations in Members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation (late Santonian-early Campanian) in the Songliao Basin that are indicated by basin-scale correlations of Fischer Plots based on natural gamma-ray logging data. Meanwhile, the Al/K ratios of the SK1 core indicate that changes in precipitation forced lake-level fluctuations in the basin. Compared to global sea-level changes, lake-level fluctuations show an out-of-phase relation with sea-level variations in the lacustrine phase of the basin, suggesting that climate-driven water transport between continents and oceans controlled short-term sea-level changes in the late Santonian-early Campanian. During the phase of marine-lake connectivity (basal Nenjiang Member 1), although the marine regression-driven decrease in lake-level corresponds to salinity stratification and strongly reducing water conditions, increasing precipitation in the basin implies that the hydrological cycle transported more water from the oceans toward continents. Based on the results we suggest that limno-eustasy controlled water levels in the Songliao basin in the late Santonian-early Campanian. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd 2018 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2018.07.008 Cretaceous Research 92 Academic Press 138-149 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China Campanian; eustacy; hydrological cycle; lake level; limnology; Santonian, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051949962&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2018.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=3063ac1ed7234ff8966378f15786810d cited By 10 D. Yang Y. Huang Q. Huang Y. Ren C. Wang article Jones201841 Expansive Late Cretaceous lacustrine deposits of East Asia offer unique stratigraphic records to better understand regional responses to global climate events, such as oceanic anoxic events (OAEs), and terrestrial organic carbon burial dynamics. This study presents bulk organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg), elemental concentrations (XRF), and initial osmium ratios (187Os/188Os, Osi) from the Turonian–Coniacian Qingshankou Formation, a ∼5 Ma lacustrine mudstone succession in the Songliao Basin of northeast China. A notable δ13Corg excursion (∼+2.5‰) in organic carbon-lean Qingshankou Members 2–3 correlates to OAE3 in the Western Interior Basin (WIB) of North America within temporal uncertainty of high-precision age models. Decreases in carbon isotopic fractionation (Δ13C) through OAE3 in the WIB and Songliao Basin, suggest that significantly elevated global rates of organic carbon burial drew down pCO2, likely cooling climate. Despite this, Osi chemostratigraphy demonstrates no major changes in global volcanism or weathering trends through OAE3. Identification of OAE3 in a lake system is consistent with lacustrine records of other OAEs (e.g., Toarcian OAE), and underscores that terrestrial environments were sensitive to climate perturbations associated with OAEs. Additionally, the relatively radiogenic Osi chemostratigraphy and XRF data confirm that the Qingshankou Formation was deposited in a non-marine setting. Organic carbon-rich intervals preserve no compelling Osi evidence for marine incursions, an existing hypothesis for generating Member 1's prolific petroleum source rocks. Based on our results, we present a model for water column stratification and source rock deposition independent of marine incursions, detailing dominant biogeochemical cycles and lacustrine organic carbon burial mechanisms. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. 2018 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.046 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 484 Elsevier B.V. 41-52 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States; Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States Biogeochemistry; Isotopes; Lakes; Petroleum geology; Stratigraphy; Weathering, Biogeochemical cycling; Chemostratigraphy; Oceanic Anoxic Event; Osmium isotopes; Paleoclimates; Songliao basin, Organic carbon, anoxic conditions; biogeochemical cycle; carbon isotope; chemostratigraphy; Cretaceous; lacustrine deposit; mudstone; organic carbon; osmium isotope; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment, China; Songliao Basin; Western Interior https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040671880&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2017.11.046&partnerID=40&md5=5282b0c5935b54c98b805ec361592c57 cited By 36 M.M. Jones D.E. Ibarra Y. Gao B.B. Sageman D. Selby C.P. Chamberlain S.A. Graham article Gao2018327 The first and second members of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n1+2) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China, are an interval of dark-colored mudstone. Paleoenvironmental studies of these strata are useful for understanding the terrestrial environment under a greenhouse climate and hydrocarbon accumulation in lake basins. In this study, clay mineralogy of the K2n1+2 from four borehole or outcrop sections is investigated to understand terrestrial paleoenvironment during the depositional period in the Late Cretaceous. In the mudstone samples, smectite and illite are the predominant clay minerals, and were derived from weathering of parent rocks in a temperate, sub-humid to sub-arid climate; kaolinite and chlorite are minor clay species. The difference in the clay-mineral assemblages between the eastern and western margins of the basin was primarily controlled by provenance lithology, and the high smectite content in the western basin resulted from alteration of volcanic rocks exposed in the Greater Xing’an Range area. The increasing illite content and ratio of illite/smectite percentages in the upper part of the first member of the Nenjiang Formation indicate paleoenvironmental change. This temporal change in the clay-mineral composition was primarily caused by a regionally cooler and drier paleoclimate, consistent with previous paleoenvironmental reconstructions. © 2017, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. 2018 English 16747313 10.1007/s11430-017-9110-9 Science China Earth Sciences 61 Science in China Press 327-338 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 3200092, China 3 Clay alteration; Kaolinite; Lithology; Minerals; Sedimentary rocks; Volcanic rocks; Weathering, Clay mineral assemblages; Clay mineral compositions; Late cretaceous; Nenjiang Formation; Paleo-environment; Paleoenvironmental change; Paleoenvironmental reconstruction; Songliao basin, Clay minerals, clay mineral; Cretaceous; illite; lithology; mudstone; paleoenvironment; parent body; smectite; weathering, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032025076&doi=10.1007%2fs11430-017-9110-9&partnerID=40&md5=fb13ef9cd8957a16df25c70a8a959b91 cited By 11 Y. Gao D.P. Xi Z.H. Qin P.F. Ma C.S. Wang article li2018design 2018 Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling) 45 56-60 2 C Li LN Shen article Zhang20184712 SK-2 East Borehole (SK-2e) is the main borehole of Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin, which is designed to acquire the geophysical log data in the whole borehole, to provide accurate, comprehensive geophysical information for resource exploration and research on paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Among various well logging methods, natural gamma-ray logging and natural gamma-ray spectral logging can measure natural gamma-ray intensity and uranium (U), thorium (Th), potassium (K) contents, and are effectively applied to radioactive deposit exploration, especially to uranium exploration and research. Conventional logging (including resistivity, acoustic, density and neutron logging) and special logging (including nuclear magnetic resonance, resistivity imaging and elemental capture spectroscopy logging) can obtain lithologic and physical parameters of strata, offering strong support for uranium exploration. In this study, the natural gamma-ray log data was used to identify abnormally high natural radioactivity zones. Based on conventional log data, special log data and previous geological research achievements, the characteristics and genesis of radioactive abnormality were analyzed. The results show that two abnormally high natural radioactivity zones are located in deep-seated Yingcheng Formation. And their depths are 3096.8~3102.8m (Layer I) and 3168.3~3170.9 m (Layer II) respectively. According to the comprehensive analysis of various log data and core data, Layer I is conglomerate, with the maximum gamma of 360 API and high uranium content (20.5~29.3 ppm). Therefore, Layer I has uranium mineralization potential. Analysis shows that tectonic conditions and epigenetic alteration are probably the key factors affecting uranium enrichment which causes abnormally high gamma-ray intensity. It was speculated that fault movements, volcanic activity, and the basin's uplift and erosion provide uranium-bearing groundwater, oil and gas with the migration channel to I layer. The epigenetic reduction of oil and gas eventually leads to uranium enrichment of Layer I. Layer II consists of agglomerate lava and tuff, with the maximum gamma of 250 API, high thorium content (22.4~37.3 ppm) and high uranium content (5.9~11.0 ppm). The rhyolitic components of high thorium content and uranium adsorption by clay minerals may cause the abnormally high gamma-ray intensity in Layer II. The abnormally high radioactivity zones of Yingcheng Formation in SK-2e are characterized by deep burial depths and high uranium contents, indicating uranium prospecting potential in deep zones of Songliao Basin. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved. 2018 Chinese 00015733 10.6038/cjg2018L0210 Acta Geophysica Sinica 61 Science Press 4712-4728 Key Laboratory of Geo-detection, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China 11 Acoustic logging; Acoustic spectroscopy; Boreholes; Boring; Core analysis; Gamma rays; Geophysics; Groundwater; Infill drilling; Neutron logging; Nuclear magnetic logging; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Petroleum prospecting; Radioactivity; Uranium, Continental scientific drillings; Elemental capture spectroscopy; Genesis; Geophysical information; Log response; Natural radioactivity; Songliao basin; Uranium mineralization, Oil well logging, abnormality; adsorption; borehole; Cretaceous; geophysical survey; mineralization; nutrient enrichment; paleoclimate; potassium; radioactivity; radionuclide; thorium; uranium; well logging, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062673061&doi=10.6038%2fcjg2018L0210&partnerID=40&md5=f505982afc140a87d2b690d978d5b86a cited By 5 S. Zhang C. Zou C. Peng J. Zhao N. Li X. Zhang H. Ma Y. Niu article shaoli2018cementing A cement slurry used to deal with difficulties cementing the exploratory well Songke-2 in main land China, has been formulated with a quadripolymer filter loss reducer and a terpolymer phosphonate retarding agent to improve its thermal stability and avoid the risks of “thermal thinning” of the cement slurry. The filter loss and thickening time of the cement slurry were controlled to satisfy the needs of cementing ultra-high temperature wells by adjusting the concentrations of the two additives. Meanwhile, based on particle sizing and the close-packing principle, the particle sizes and concentration of silica sand were optimized, adjusting the ratio of silicon over calcium closing to 1, thereby preventing the decaying of the late-stage strength of set cement at ultra-high temperatures. Furthermore, an elastic tough material developed with particles and fibers was used to enhance the elasticity and toughness of the cement slurry. By optimizing the ratio of these additives, a cement slurry able to tolerate 260 ℃ well temperature was designed. This cement slurry has good stability, density difference between the upper and the lower parts of the cement slurry less than 0.03 g/cm3, thickening time between 200 min and 420 min, filter loss less than 100 mL, 48 h compressive strength greater than 20 MPa, and 7 d compressive strength greater than 38 MPa. The late-stage strength of the set cement is not declining. By optimizing the liner hanging and cementing techniques, and strictly controlling cement slurry density, the integrity of the formations penetrated by the well was maintained, without being fractured during cementing operations. Using high temperature high efficiency flushing spacers, the displacing efficacy was increased, and job safety and cementing job quality were ensured. Well cementing has been performed successfully with high job quality on the Well Songke-2, whose static bottom hole temperature is 260 ℃, and circulating bottom hole temperature 210 ℃. © 2018, The Editorial Board of Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid. All right reserved. Article 2018 Chinese 10015620 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2018.02.015 钻井液与完井液 35 钻井液与完井液 92-97 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055031129&doi=10.3969%2fj.issn.1001-5620.2018.02.015&partnerID=40&md5=7a7aa73bf28c6c6bf76eab06afcff285 Cited by: 3 LI Shaoli SONG Shaoguang article honghao2018characteristics 2018 Global Geology 37 838-849 3 Li Honghao WangPujun GaoYoufeng Qu Xuejiao Gao Xiang Chen Haichao article Zhang2018271 Evaluating the terrestrial climate record provides a critical test of the roles of Chicxulub impact and Deccan Traps volcanism during the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction. Most evidence came from marine records, but our new clumped isotopes data from paleosol carbonates in the Songliao Basin provide a terrestrial climate history from northern China. This reveals there was a pre-impact warming caused by the onset of Deccan Traps volcanism, whereas the following short-term cooling then another warming episode were likely caused by Chicxulub impact and post-boundary volcanism. Our study suggests that the pCO2 levels were probably the main control on the latest Cretaceous cooling and the climatic fluctuations across the K-Pg boundary interval in northern China. In the Songliao Basin, the pre-impact Deccan Traps volcanism links to losses of half of the lacustrine algae species (charophytes) and almost all of the lacustrine ostracodes; this suggests that the Deccan Traps volcanism had already destabilized the ecosystem and caused extinctions prior to the Chicxulub impact. © 2018 Geological Society of America. 2018 English 00917613 10.1130/G39992.1 Geology 46 Geological Society of America 271-274 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom; Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany; School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; China Huadian Green Energy Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100160, China 3 Chicxulub impact; Climate history; Climate record; Climatic fluctuations; Clumped isotopes; K-pg boundaries; Mass extinction; Temperature rise, Geology, carbon dioxide; Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary; mass extinction; paleosol; volcanism, China; Songliao Basin, algae; Characeae; Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042492280&doi=10.1130%2fG39992.1&partnerID=40&md5=2f756317e1b69f427cbcc79b166f59ef cited By 40 L. Zhang C. Wang P.B. Wignall T. Kluge X. Wan Q. Wang Y. Gao article Hou2018641 The eastern borehole of Well SK-2, among the "two wells and four boreholes" of the deep continental scientific drilling engineering in Songliao Basin, is situated in Anda of Heilongjiang Province and was finished officially on May 26th, 2018. Well SK- 2 mainly focused on four scientific objections, i.e., paleoclimate research, resource and energy exploration, basic geological research and development of deep exploration technology. During the process if drilling which began in 2014, drilling, coring, logging, analysis of chemical element and structural exploration of surrounding areas were carried out during the SK-2 drilling engineering, and some preliminary progresses were made in scientific research: 4134.8 m-long in-situ core data were acquired, and the most complete and continuous continental strata of the cretaceous were described with high resolution of centimeter-level, thus building the standard continental stratigraphic profile. Besides, evolution history of the continental facies in the Cretaceous period from scale of one million to one hundred thousand years was reconstructed for the first time, and an important climatic event of the Cretaceous was found. Apart from these achievements, evidence of Paleo- Pacific plate subduction and convergence in the deep was found, which contributes to genetic re- recognition and deep hydrocarbon exploration in Songliao basin. The implementation of deep continental scientific drilling engineering in Songliao Basin is of great significance in exploring the earth's mystery, seeking for deep energy and solving environmental problems. It is considered to be a solid step in the way of heading deep of the earth. © 2018 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All rights reserved. 2018 Chinese 10003657 10.12029/gc20180401 Geology in China 45 Editorial Board of Geology in China 641-657 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, J00083, China; Center for Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050061, China; Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130061, China 4 Cretaceous; drilling; Earth science; energy resource; geographical research; hydrocarbon exploration; Pacific plate; paleoclimate, China; Heilongjiang; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057354737&doi=10.12029%2fgc20180401&partnerID=40&md5=4e339ad6ddf185c45fada1bc89a5069f cited By 33 H. Hou C. Wang J. Zhang F. Ma W. Fu P. Wang Y. Huang C. Zou Y. Gao L. Zhang J. Yang R. Guo article Hou2018173 The Songke No.2 well (eastern hole) (referred to as Well SK-2), one of the “two wells and four holes” of the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering Project in the Songliao Basin, is in Anda City, Heilongjiang Province, and was officially completed on May 26, 2018. The scientific goals of Well SK-2 cover four aspects: paleoclimate research, resource and energy exploration, primary geological research, and development of deep earth exploration techniques. Since the official commencement of drilling in 2014, the Well SK-2 scientific drilling engineering team has organized and implemented drilling for coring, in situ logging, chemical analysis of core elements, and deep structural exploration around the well. Currently, the following preliminary scientific research progress has been made: 4334.81 m in situ core data has been obtained; the centimeter-level high-resolution characterization of the most complete and continuous Cretaceous continental strata ever unearthed has been completed, and the standard profile of continental strata has been initially established; the unconventional natural gas resources and basin-type hot dry rocks in the deep Songliao Basin were found to have good prospects for exploration and development; the climatic evolutionary history of the Cretaceous continental strata was rebuilt for the first time, covering hundreds of thousands to millions of years, and the major events of Cretaceous climate fluctuations have been discovered; all these reveal strong evidence for the subduction and aggregation of paleo-ocean plates, providing a theoretical basis for the re-recognition of the genesis of the Songliao Basin and for deep earth oil and gas exploration. The implementation of the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Engineering Project in the Songliao Basin is of great significance for exploring the mysteries of the Earth and solving major problems such as those related to the deep energy environment. It is a solid step along the road of “going deep into the Earth”. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 2018 English 20965192 10.31035/cg2018036 China Geology 1 KeAi Communications Co. 173-186 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, China; Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065516061&doi=10.31035%2fcg2018036&partnerID=40&md5=4001a447c813e987664861372f67d206 cited By 16 H.-S. Hou C.-S. Wang J.-D. Zhang F. Ma W. Fu P.-J. Wang Y.-J. Huang C.-C. Zou Y.-F. Gao Y. Gao L.-M. Zhang J. Yang R. Guo article Tong2018215 The Songliao Basin (SLB) located in northeastern China is one of the largest Cretaceous continental sedimentary basins in the world. The SLB is filled with sediments deposited in the Upper Jurassic, the Lower Cretaceous and the Upper Cretaceous epochs. The Nenjiang Formation (K2n) is subdivided into five members, where Member 2 (K2n2) was deposited in the late Santonian in the lower part of the Nenjiang Formation. This member is characterized by a thick succession of organic-rich source rocks. However, the complexity of the depositional environment raises questions about the specific factors that drove this accumulation of organic material. Here, we present data on the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and their stable carbon isotope values (δ13Corg), as well as biomarker data from 50 outcrop samples collected from the Yuewangcheng (YWC) section, in the southeastern SLB. According to the variations of the bulk organic parameters (TOC and δ13Corg) and biomarker indices, the profile could be divided into three stages (stages I–III). The distribution of biomarkers (n-alkanes, steranes and hopanes) and δ13Corg values indicate that the organic matter (OM) in the Lower K2n2 is derived largely from algae and macrophytes, with a minor input from bacteria and land plants. The water column was stratified, as indicated by the presence of gammacerane. Variations in the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) and aryl isoprenoids relative to phenanthrene ratio (A-i/P) suggest that bottom waters were anoxic during Stage I (31.5–26.0 m) and Stage II (26.0–16.3 m), with the anoxic layer impinging on the euphotic zone and a relative oxic environment at Stage III (16.3–0 m). This brackish environment persisted in the water over the interval represented by the section, as reflected by methytrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) Index (MTTCI) and α-MTTC/γ-MTTC ratios. Marine transgressions, with subsequent seawater incursions, can be detected with the presence of 24-n-propyl-cholestanes and 24-isopropyl-cholestanes in the Lower K2n2 sediments, especially during Stage I. These seawater incursions are closely correlated with anoxic conditions and the deposition of organic-rich source rocks. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd 2018 English 01466380 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.07.018 Organic Geochemistry 124 Elsevier Ltd 215-227 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China Analytical geochemistry; Biomarkers; Deposition; Paraffins; Seawater; Sediments, Depositional environment; Lacustrine source rocks; Marine transgression; Organic-rich sediment; Organic-rich source rock; Santonian; Stable carbon isotopes; Water columns, Organic carbon, anoxic conditions; biomarker; carbon isotope; Cretaceous; depositional environment; estuarine environment; euphotic zone; Jurassic; macrophyte; organic geochemistry; organic matter; outcrop; phenanthrene; Santonian; seawater; sediment chemistry; sedimentary basin; source rock; total organic carbon; water column, China; Songliao Basin, algae; Embryophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051684042&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2018.07.018&partnerID=40&md5=a7412f566036a5a6c4c1ca638543909d cited By 31 X. Tong J. Hu D. Xi M. Zhu J. Song P. Peng article 2018 10.12075/j.issn.1004-4051.2018.S2.019 China Mining Magazine 27 268-271 S2 X. Liu L. Cui H. Guo Z. Wang K. Chen article Zhao2017915 As the main borehole of the China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project, the SK-2 east borehole was drilled to obtain in-situ multi-information of geophysics and investigate the paleoclimatic and environmental changes. A study based on continuous geophysical logs facilitates achievement of scientific goals, such as the establishment of the typical petrophysical properties for Songliao basin and other similar basins, analysis of sedimentary environment, resource exploration, geothermal system research, and long-term observation and fluid experiments on deep strata. Both conventional logs and microresistivity imaging logs of the Cretaceous Quantou formation have been acquired. Porosity spectra from microresistivity imaging logs are obtained by using the Archie equation. Based on analysis of porosity spectrum features, we divide the porosity spectra of K1q in the SK-2 east borehole into twelve configurations according to the location and combination of peaks to characterize different pore structure. The porosity spectra of K1q in the SK-2 east borehole are dominated by unimodal distribution indicating more primary porosity. Five layers dominated by unimodal distribution are considered for performing long-term observations and fluid experiments on aspects of depth, thickness or petrophysical properties. By comparing spectrum features, porosity spectrum can be used to reflect the heterogeneity and analyze the pore structure of clastic strata. Layered strata will produce complicated porosity spectra as secondary porosity will. It is better to combine porosity spectra with microresistivity image to study secondary porosity. The decline of the porosity heterogeneity in the SK-2 east borehole is demonstrated by two parameters, φvk and W from porosity spectra, which can indicate the sedimentary environment. Moreover, porosity spectra in clastic strata is favorable for determining lithology and sedimentary environment when combined with microresistivity images. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. 2017 English 09204105 10.1016/j.petrol.2017.09.067 Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 159 Elsevier B.V. 915-926 Key Laboratory of Geo-detection (China University of Geosciences, Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing, 100083, China; Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China Boring; Geophysics; Geothermal fields; Geothermal logging; Lithology; Pore structure; Porosity; Sedimentology; Spectrum analysis; Structural geology, Clastic strata; Continental scientific drillings; Imaging log; Long term observations; Petrophysical properties; Pore structure characterizations; Sedimentary environment; Songliao basin, Well logging, borehole logging; clastic rock; drilling; environmental change; lithology; paleoclimate; porosity, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042182466&doi=10.1016%2fj.petrol.2017.09.067&partnerID=40&md5=72c7ac2e5c1e9ad5b62975cadcdf1b1b cited By 6 J. Zhao C. Zou H. Fu L. Xiao C. Peng Y. Niu article Gao2017265 China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling in the Songliao Basin, called SK2 project, has collected 365.32 m of the lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation whose age is estimated as Aptian-Albian. The borehole got a highly continuous core section with recovery of 98.47%, which is the most complete and precise geological records up to now for the stratum of continental non-marine Cretaceous in the world. The diameter of core is 214 mm which is among the largest diameter concerning coring engineering. We first described the volcanic-sedimentary succession in centimeter scale and studied the volcanic and sedimentary facies. Considering the sedimentary and volcanic rocks as a whole sequence, we recognized seventeen rock types from drilling core of the Yingcheng Formation. There are nine types of sedimentary rocks, including conglomerate, coarse sandstone, medium sandstone, fine sandstone, siltstone, silty mudstone, mudstone, breccia tuffaceous sandstone, and breccia-bearing tuffaceous sandstone. There are eight types of volcanic rocks including rhyolite, rhyolitic tuff/pyroclastics/agglomerate, rhyolitic welded tuff, crypto-explosive breccia, andesitic tuff, and tuffite. Sedimentary facies is fan delta dominant which includes five sedimentary microfacies of distributary channels, back swamp between delta, subaqueous distributary channels, subaqueous mouth bar and mudstone of still water. Volcanic facies are explosive facies and effusive facies dominant, which include four volcanic subfacies of air-fall, pyroclastic flow deposits, middle and upper flow subfacies of the effusive one. According to detailed description of the Yingcheng sequence, we first recognized three periodic sedimentary and volcanic cycles in the Yingcheng Formation, which have been numbered sedimentary I-volcanic I, sedimentary II-volcanic II, and sedimentary III-volcanic III in ascending order. This is a new discovery concerning the vertical features of of the Yingcheng Formation. The centimeter scale description on the core sections from the SK2 may provide some other useful information for related researches in the future. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.018 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 265-275 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Research Center of Palaeontology & Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China 1 Boring; Explosives; Rock drilling; Rocks; Sandstone; Sedimentology; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes, Aptian to Albian; Sedimentary facies; Songliao basin; Volcanic facies; Volcanic-sedimentary succession and cycle; Yingcheng Formation, Sedimentary rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014328929&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.018&partnerID=40&md5=2a8be7d4c70b303e4b7f872b1b3a4ede cited By 5 X. Gao Y. Gao X. Qu H. Li T. Chen P. Wang article Cao2017205 The data of rock-eval and biomarkers in the samples of the Lijiatuozi Section were analyzed for better understanding the paleo-lake environment of the Lower Member 2 of the Qingshankou Formation(K2qn2)in the Songliao Basin. The organic matters (OMs) were mainly originated from aquatic organisms according to plot of hydrogen index (210-773 mg HC/g TOC) and oxygen index (2-188 mg CO2/g TOC) in low maturity source rock. The evolution of paleo-lake environment could be divided into three stages based on geochemical data. In the stage I, low values of gammacerane index and aryl isoprenoid/phenanthrene ratio, corresponding with low ratios of diasterane/sterane and the plot of pristane/phytane and dehydroxyl vitamin-E index, parameters mentioned above all indicated that the lake was considered as being anoxic and brackish water conditions. In the stage II, the occurrence of short time marine incursion was defined by variable contents of 24-n-propyl-cholestanes and 24-i-propyl-cholestanes, leading to semi-deep or deep water environment; seawater intrusion with sea creatures, oxygen, nutrition, organic matter and sulfurous substances, which were helpful with formation of increasing salinity for brackish water and salt water; abundant composition of aryl isoprenoid displayed that stratified lake water was rich in free state of H2S with euphotic zone of anoxia and upward chemocline during this period. However, the lake was dominantly given priority to fresh water to the brackish water deposition with increasing oxygen content at the same time, which suggested that fresh water input increased in the latter stages of stage II. The lake was in high salinity water, anoxia, and the shallow chemocline due to being influenced by semi-arid climate conditions during the sedimentary period of stage III, and turbulent water body was against growth of green sulfur bacteria and preservation of free H2S. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.013 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 205 – 215 1 Aquatic organisms; Bacteria; Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Biology; Biomarkers; Carbon dioxide; Lakes; Lipids; Organic compounds; Oxygen; Water; Anoxic conditions; Geochemical data; Green sulfur bacteria; Salinity; Semi-arid climate; Songliao basin; Stratified waters; Variable content; Salt water intrusion https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014405388&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.013&partnerID=40&md5=9a5c236deed3eeacdc82c721cc77c877 Cited by: 7 Huairen Cao Jianfang Hu Ping'an Peng Dangpeng Xi article Wan201718 Northeast China offers a unique opportunity to perceive Cretaceous stratigraphy and climate of terrestrial settings. The sediments contain variegated clastic and volcanic rocks, diverse terrestrial fossils, and important coal and oil resources. Four Cretaceous biotas of Jehol, Fuxin, Songhuajiang and Jiayin occurred in ascending order. For scientific purpose, a coring program (SK1) provides significant material for Cretaceous research. The SK1 presents a continuous section of Upper Cretaceous non-marine fossils, magnetochron successions and chronostratigraphic events. These events are integrated with marine events by an X/Y graphic plot between the core data and a global database of GSSP and key reference sections. More precisely, age interpolation based on CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb zircon dates and the calibrated cyclostratigraphy places the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchon at 83.07±0.15 Ma. This date also serves as an estimate for the Santonian-Campanian stage boundary. It also places the K/Pg boundary within the upper part of the Mingshui Formation. The terrestrial and marine life and the analysis of elemental composition, δ13Corg, biomarkers show that lake water salinity changed along with a Coniacian-Santonian marine incursion. High lake-level coincides with the sea transgression during the time. High salinity resulted in the development of periodic anoxic environments of the basin. One of these times of deposition of organic-rich mud correlates with the magnetochron of C34n/C33r and Coniacian-Santonian planktic foraminifera. This marine flooding correlates with OAE 3 and it is possible that the global oceanic anoxic event may have influenced organic carbon burial in the Songliao Basin for this brief period. The evolution of 4 biotas corresponds to the Cretaceous climate change. We tentatively interpret the terrestrial record to reflect the changes in both global climate and regional basin evolution. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.002 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 18 – 31 1 Carbon; Coal deposits; Lakes; Lead; Organic carbon; Petroleum deposits; Silicate minerals; Stratigraphy; Volcanic rocks; Cretaceous; Elemental compositions; NE China; Oceanic Anoxic Event; Organic carbon burial; Paleoclimates; Planktic foraminifera; Terrestrial biota; Climate change https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014335623&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=bc3da6e9e4ee55bfde192543516ae3a1 Cited by: 24 Xiaoqiao Wan Huaichun Wu Dangpeng Xi Meiyu Liu Zuohuan Qin article Gao2017229 Today climate change has caused extensive concern of the whole society. Paleoclimate change studies in geological time (including Quaternary and “Deep Time”), in which continental scientific drilling plays a significant role, provide important references to the current climate change. This paper reviews scientific progresses in the study of paleoclimate change in continental scientific drilling projects. In advantage of the continuous sedimentary records acquired by the continental scientific drilling projects, high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework is established and multiple paleoclimatic proxies are applied. With the aim to decipher the process and mechanism of climate change, progresses have been achieved on paleoclimatic reconstructions on different timescales, detailed studies on rapid climate changes, and precise correlation between marine and terrestrial paleoclimatic records. It is predictable that continental scientific drilling will be more influential in the paleoclimate studies in future, especially in deep-time greenhouse climate studies. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Review 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.015 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 229 – 241 1 Greenhouses; Sedimentology; Continental scientific drillings; Greenhouse climates; Paleoclimate studies; Paleoclimates; Paleoclimatic reconstruction; Paleoclimatic record; Rapid climate change; Sedimentary records; Climate change https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014311391&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.015&partnerID=40&md5=03e0f61ce9aa4d2df9d80de0ea173622 Cited by: 10 Yuan Gao Chengshan Wang Yongjian Huang Bin Hu article Qu2017257 The designed depth of SK2 is 6400 m, which is the deepest scientific drilling in the East Asia. Previous studies shows that the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression is located in the high geotemperature area. However the high geotemperature and possible abnormal pressure are the main challenges for continental scientific drilling. Based on a great deal of geological and geophysical data including regional geological survey, petroleum exploration and exploitation and scientific achievements in the Songliao Basin, we predicted the bottom hole temperature, formation pressure and formation fracture pressure of target strata of SK2. According to the relationship between depth and present geotemperatures, geothermal gradients, we predicted the bottom hole geotemperature of SK2 probably range from 238.83℃ to 265.11℃. According to the relationship between depth and formation pressures, and calculated results using DrillWorks, we estimated the formation pressure of Yingcheng Formation, Shahezi Formation and Huoshiling Formation to the bottom of the hole in the range of 30.54-37.72 MPa, 33.22-59.52 MPa, 59.52-67.18 MPa, respectively; and the formation fracture pressure range from 52.35 MPa to 58.62 MPa, from 61.88 MPa to 105.68 MPa, from 104.57 MPa to 118.03 MPa, respectively. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.017 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 257 – 264 1 Forecasting; Geology; Petroleum prospecting; Bottom hole; Bottom hole temperatures; Continental scientific drillings; Cretaceous; Formation pressure; Scientific achievements; Songliao basin; Xujiaweizi Fault Depression; Fracture https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014401003&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.017&partnerID=40&md5=9c86f8c011e4bb72b795a5aa2791af26 Cited by: 8 Xuejiao Qu Liwei Yang Xuan Xue Youfeng Gao Pujun Wang article Xu20171 Continental scientific drilling can be regarded as "a telescope into the Earth's interior" because it provides process insight and uncompromised samples of rocks, fluids, and even sampled from the deep biosphere from the Earth's surface to great depths. As one of the three founding members of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), ICDP China has made great achievements in many scientific drilling-related research fields. Based on the ICDP participation it attracted global attention of scientists and set up not only the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Program in 2001 but also a growing number of ambitious drilling projects in the country. The 5158m deep borehole of the CCSD project at Donghai County in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain demonstrates that large amounts of crustal rocks of the South China Block have been subducted to at least 120 km, followed by rapid uplift. After successful completion of drilling at Donghai, several continental scientific drilling projects were conducted with funding of the Chinese government and partially with support of ICDP, resulting in a total drilling depth of more than 35 000 m. These projects encompass the Continental Environmental Scientific Drilling Program of China, the Scientific Drilling Project of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone, the Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin, and the Program of Selected Continental Scientific Drilling and Experiments. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the ICDP and the 15th anniversary of the CCSD Program, this paper reviews the history and major progress of the CCSD Program. © Author(s) 2017. 2017 English 18168957 10.5194/sd-22-1-2017 Scientific Drilling 22 Copernicus GmbH 1-18 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China Earthquakes; Metamorphic rocks, Chinese Government; Continental scientific drillings; Drilling projects; Earth's interior; Scientific drilling; South China block; Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic; Wenchuan Earthquake, Drilling fluids https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020083040&doi=10.5194%2fsd-22-1-2017&partnerID=40&md5=d36b862aef8b48651b4d04158f792ecf cited By 2 Z. Xu J. Yang C. Wang Z. An H. Li Q. Wang D. Su article Li2017143 Rock magnetic records have been achieved from the Nenjiang Formation of the Songke-1 south core (SK-1s) in the Songliao Basin (972.46-1060.24 m). According to the magnetic records, this sequence is divided into three sections, termed A (972.46-979 m), B (979-1025 m) and C (1025-1060.24 m), respectively. Magnetic susceptibility (MS) and remanence of section A are both controlled by magnetite; while MS of sections B and C is controlled by paramagnetic minerals and their remanence is mainly carried by magnetite. Among the three sections, the concentration of magnetite of section A is the most and that of section B is the least; while the magnetite particles of section A are the coarsest and those of section C are the finest. The magnetic records of the Nenjiang Formation from SK-1s has deciphered the information of the uplift of the basin and the paleoclimatic changes of this area, although reductive diagenesis plays an effect on the sediments of sections B and C and thus produces the A/B boundary. On the one hand, the fluctuation of the magnetic parameters have recorded the periodical paleoclimatic changes. On the other hand, the abrupt variation of the magnetic parameters at the B/C boundary may be related to the alteration of detrital provenances resulting from the uplift of the eastern basin, from south-north to east-west. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.008 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 143 – 153 1 Lithology; Magnetic susceptibility; Magnetite; Remanence; Sedimentology; Detrital provenance; Lake level fluctuations; Nenjiang Formation; Reductive diagenesis; Rock magnetism; Songke-1 south core (SK-1s); Magnetism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014305176&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.008&partnerID=40&md5=f323608dc462ed34200868a773acb0ef Cited by: 1 Haiyan Li Tinghong Zhou Shihong Zhang Guanghong Liu Huaichun Wu Tianshui Yang Kunling Zhao article Gao2017242 The simulated stratigraphic column of SK2 is the main reference for the whole scientific drilling process bases on the experience of SK1. First of all, the depth of the main formation boundaries was predicted according to structural maps, seismic profiles and adjacent wells. Secondly, we predicted the detail lithology of each member or formation, based on regional stratigraphic-lithologic characteristics, geophysical data, and well Songshen3 and other adjacent wells. Finally, the designed coring horizon, contents, oil, gas and water bearing layers, probable drilling failures etc. were integrated into the comprehensive simulated stratigraphic column of SK2. The depth of the main formation boundaries of SK2 is predicted as below: the top of the 2nd member of Nenjiang Formation (T06) is 950 m, the top of Yaojia Formation (T1) is 1245 m, the top of Quantou Formation (T2) is 1680 m, the top of Denglouku Formation (T3) is 2530 m, the top of Yingcheng Formation (T4) is 2965 m, the top of Shahezi Formation (T4-1) is 3320 m, the top of Huoshiling Formation (T4-2) is 5670 m, and the top of basement (T5) is 6240 m. The lithology of main target strata of SK2 are predicted as follows. Yingcheng Formation can be divided into two parts, and the upper part consists mostly of coarse sand, conglomerate, and glutinite, with mudstone as interlayers, and massive tuff, andesite-basalt and rhyolite, dominated in the lower part. The Shahezi Formation is composed mostly of dark mudstone, with sand, siltstone, silty mudstone, and coal streak as interlayers. The lithology of Huoshiling Formation possibly corresponds to regional stratigraphic-lithologic characteristics, and the upper part is mainly composed of tuff, mudstone, and dacite and andesite, while the lower part consists mostly of dark mudstone, with fine-siltstone and coal streak as interlayers. The basement probably composed of conglomerate and permian-carboniferous “metamorphic rock”, which are probably very high diagenesis or very low-grade metamorphism sedimentary rocks. © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.016 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 242 – 256 1 Buildings; Lithology; Metamorphic rocks; Sedimentology; Stratigraphy; Well drilling; Continental scientific drillings; Denglouku formations; Low-grade metamorphism; Scientific drilling; Shahezi formations; Songliao basin; Stratigraphic columns; Stratigraphic interfaces; Sedimentary rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014312278&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.016&partnerID=40&md5=af15e34f7e8523647e369be4712d8ad8 Cited by: 12 Youfeng Gao Xuejiao Qu Lijun Jiang Shuxue Wang Pujun Wang article Wang2017216 The Continental Scientific Drilling in the Songliao Basin has been done since 2005, which include the SK1, having finished in 2007, and the SK2 that started drilling in 2014 and is expected to finish in 2017. The purposes of the project are as followings, to drilling through the whole Cretaceous sequence of the Songliao Basin, to obtain continuous high resolution continental geological records by the means of the so-called “2 wells 4 holes drilling procedures”, to research the Cretaceous greenhouse climate changes in order to be better prepared with the challenge caused by the nowadays global warming event. According to the goals above we proposed the rules for the site selection of the SK2 as follows. Firstly, stratigraphic sedimentary records should be continuous. Secondly, sedimentary rocks are preferred, especially the lacustrine fine clastic rocks. Thirdly, thickness of the overburden cap rocks should be as thin as possible. Fourthly, faults should be avoided of. At last, ground conditions should be as good as possible such as roads, electric power, water supply, and so forth. We finally chose the site of SK2 in the Songzhan area where the lacustrine mudstone is well developed in the Xujiaweizi faulted depression of the Songliao Basin. The major target drilling succession is the Lower Cretaceous, namely, Yingcheng, Shahezi, and Huoshiling Formations. The strata under drilling are interbedding sequence of sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and coal, which are intercalated with volcanic rocks and pyroclastic rocks. They are mainly dark rocks of lacustrine facies which reflect the reduced environment. We shall drill through the top boundary (T4) and bottom boundary (T5) of rift fill successions, the boundary between the Upper and Lower Cretaceous, the boundary between Cretaceous and Jurassic (K/J). All these boundaries indicate important geological events which reflect changes of regional tectonics and basin filling styles. With the continuous coring section, we can also obtain some other important geological records with global meanings such as the Cretaceous normal polarity superchron (CNS) and oceanic anoxic event (OAE-1). © 2017, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. 2017 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2017.01.014 Earth Science Frontiers 24 Science Frontiers editorial department 216-228 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; No.1 Geo-logging Company, Daqing Drilling and Exploration Engineering Company, Daqing, 163411, China; Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing, 401331, China; Research Center of Palaeontology & Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China 1 Climate change; Geology; Global warming; Greenhouses; Rocks; Sedimentology; Site selection; Stratigraphy; Tectonics; Volcanic rocks; Water supply, Continental scientific drillings; Greenhouse climates; Oceanic Anoxic Event; Regional tectonics; Sedimentary records; Sedimentary sequence; Songliao basin; Tithonian to Albian, Sedimentary rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014382176&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2017.01.014&partnerID=40&md5=107d188c52121b6731ca89a7a2508277 cited By 24 P. Wang H. Liu Y. Ren X. Wan S. Wang X. Qu Q. Meng Y. Huang Q. Huang Y. Gao C. Wang article Liu2017446 This study has examined the potential improvement of the lubricating properties of drilling fluid by adding graphene and graphene oxide (GO). The effects of different concentrations of graphene and GO addition on lubricating properties and friction reduction of drilling fluid have been studied by using an extreme pressure lubrication device and a pin-on-disk tester. In pin-on-disk tests, the pin material was AISI316 steel (casing material) and the disk material was 7075 aluminum alloy (drill pipe material). The pin-on-disk friction and wear tests were carried out under the condition that the pin and disk are immerged in drilling fluid. Results indicated that the lubricating properties of drilling fluid significantly improved by adding appropriate amount of GO materials, while, on the other hand, addition of graphene had limited effect on the lubricating properties of drilling fluid. The lubricating factor of drilling fluid dropped 12.6% by an addition of 0.075 wt% GO. The coefficient of friction between the friction pairs dropped 19.8% by an addition of 0.075 wt% GO. Moreover, the wear volume (WV) of aluminum alloy disc decreased to the minimum value of 0.32 mm3 by an addition of 0.075 wt% GO. On the basis of experimental results, 0.075 wt% GO was added to the oil-based drilling fluids used in an SK-II well, a scientific continental drilling project in the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of Northeast China. Results showed that the lubricating factor of the drilling fluid was reduced by 15.6%, the friction coefficient reduction rate was increased by 24.3% and the aluminum disc wear volume decreased by 20.5%. © 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. 2017 English 19414900 10.1166/nnl.2017.2334 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 9 American Scientific Publishers 446-452 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Key Lab of Drilling and Exploitation Technology in Complex Conditions, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, 130061, China; State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China 4 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019063732&doi=10.1166%2fnnl.2017.2334&partnerID=40&md5=e1d843c0b857c64e06164c9fcee39c69 cited By 18 S.Q. Liu Z.R. Chen Q.N. Meng H.L. Zhou C. Li B.C. Liu article 2017 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2017.0437 Geological Science and Technology Information 36 271-276 4 N. Li C. Zou C. Peng J. Zhao Y. Niu article Yoshino2017352 We recovered a Campanian–Maastrichtian palynological record in transitional succession from the Sifangtai to Mingshui formations of the Songke Core-1 (North) (SK1 (N)) in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China. These formations are composed mainly of various colored mudstones and sandstones. The lithofacies variation suggests that the paleoenvironment changed from flood plain to lake. Most of the palynomorph assemblages are dominated by gymnosperm pollen, followed by spore of pteridophyte, and angiosperm pollen. On the basis of the first occurrences of marker genera within the succession, we identified four palynomorph interval zones (in ascending order): the Jianghanpollis, Chenopodipollis, Toroisporis, and Betulaceoipollenites interval zones. The first two interval zones are found from flood plain and levee deposits. The third one is recognized from lake basin plain–lake basin slope deposits. The last one is found in delta deposits within lakeshore. We consider that environmental changes are the major factors that formed component of Campanian–Maastrichtian assemblage in the Songliao Basin. In addition, the Jianghanpollis and Chenopodipollis interval zones are assigned to the Campanian, whereas the Toroisporis and Betulaceoipollenites interval zones date as the Maastrichtian. Thus, the Chenopodipollis/Toroisporis zonal boundary approximates the C/M boundary. Triprojectate pollen such as Aquilapollenites is regarded as marker taxa in the study section and other areas within the Aquilapollenites Province during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. However, Wodehouseia spp. have yet been confirmed within the study section, although this genus has appeared in Campanian–Maastrichtian deposits in other areas. This is one of the important clues to understand regional difference of local flora in these ages. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS 2017 English 1871174X 10.1016/j.palwor.2016.10.001 Palaeoworld 26 Elsevier B.V. 352-368 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan; Department of Geological Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China; Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan 2 angiosperm; biostratigraphy; Campanian; core analysis; flora; gymnosperm; lacustrine deposit; levee; lithofacies; lithostratigraphy; Maastrichtian; mudstone; paleoenvironment; palynology; palynomorph; pollen; pteridophyte; sandstone; terrestrial deposit, China; Songliao Basin, Gymnospermae; Magnoliophyta; Pteridophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006240155&doi=10.1016%2fj.palwor.2016.10.001&partnerID=40&md5=12a84f4c57720d2a46c86624f3edfc9a cited By 8 K. Yoshino X.-Q. Wan D.-P. Xi W. Li A. Matsuoka article Peng2017865 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin (CCSD-SK) provides an excellent opportunity to understand the response of terrestrial environments to greenhouse climate change in the Cretaceous. We conducted a palaeoenvironmental study of the Late Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) based on geochemical log data from the SK-2 east borehole. According to the characteristic of Ti mainly from terrigenous minerals, the content of authigenic elements was calculated. Correlation space was proposed to study the variation of the correlation between two log curves along the depth. Palaeoenvironmental proxies were selected from log data to study the evolution of the climate and lake, productivity of the paleolake, and organic matter deposition. The results demonstrate that the productivity of the paleolake was driven by chemical weathering in K2qn, in which the first section of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1) has higher productivity than the second and third sections of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn2+3). The high content of pyrite in several thin layers reveals lake water of high sulfate concentration. This may have been caused by acid rain related to large volcanic activity. In K2qn2+3, several periods of high productivity without the formation of source rocks and high organic matter content were identified. This may show that organic matter deposition was limited by low accommodation space or oxidation environment. Therefore, the preservation condition is suggested as the main controlling factor of organic matter deposition in K2qn. © 2017 Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute. Article 2017 English 17422132 10.1088/1742-2140/aa6b2f Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 14 Institute of Physics Publishing 865 – 877 Key Laboratory of Geo-detection, China University of Geosciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Geophysics and Information Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, University of OklahomaOK 73019, United States; Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, 100037, China 4 China; Songliao Basin; borehole; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; Cretaceous; deposition; environmental research; geochemistry; organic matter; paleoenvironment; productivity; proxy climate record; source rock; terrigenous deposit https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021651443&doi=10.1088%2f1742-2140%2faa6b2f&partnerID=40&md5=c3fd56880124eec088b00066f4692675 Cited by: 8; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Cheng Peng Changchun Zou Li Pan Yixiong Niu article Wang201637 The Cretaceous continental sedimentary records are essential to our understanding of how the terrestrial geologic and ecologic systems responded to past climate fluctuations under greenhouse conditions and our ability to forecast climate change in the future. The Songliao Basin of Northeast China preserves a near-complete, predominantly lacustrine, Cretaceous succession, with sedimentary cyclicity that has been tied to Milankocitch forcing of the climate. Over 900 meters of drill-core recovered from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian to Campanian) of the Songliao Basin has provided a unique opportunity for detailed analyses of its depositional and paleoenvironmental records through integrated and high-resolution cyclostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic and geochronologic investigations.Here we report high-precision U-Pb zircon dates (CA-ID-TIMS method) from four interbedded bentonites from the drill-core that offer substantial improvements in accuracy, and a ten-fold enhancement in precision, compared to the previous U-Pb SIMS geochronology, and allow a critical evaluation of the Songliao astrochronological time scale. The results indicate appreciable deviations of the astrochronologic model from the absolute radioisotope geochronology, which more likely reflect cyclostratigraphic tuning inaccuracies and omitted cycles due to depositional hiatuses, rather than suspected limitations of astronomical models applied to distant geologic time.Age interpolation based on our new high-resolution geochronologic framework and the calibrated cyclostratigraphy places the end of the Cretaceous Normal Superchon (C34n-C33r chron boundary) in the Songliao Basin at 83.07. ±. 0.15 Ma. This date also serves as a new and improved estimate for the global Santonian-Campanian stage boundary. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.04.007 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 446 Elsevier B.V. 37-44 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China Climate change; Core drilling; Deposition; Drills; Geologic models; Geomagnetism; Sedimentology; Silicate minerals, China; Cyclostratigraphy; Magnetostratigraphy; Santonian-Campanian boundary; Songliao basin; U-Pb geochronology, Geochronology, Cretaceous; cyclostratigraphy; geochronology; magnetic reversal; magnetostratigraphy; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964910279&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2016.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=1ace3e1713c50237fba12fe1fdde7f23 cited By 65 T. Wang J. Ramezani C. Wang H. Wu H. He S.A. Bowring article Wang201682 Recent ICDP drilling and deep basin volcanic exploration of 3000 m below the surface in the Songliao Basin (SB) have highlighted the 3-D delineation of the basin. The integrated new data led us to reevaluate the basin tectonics, for which the basin type, basin evolution and a number of geodynamic aspects have been controversial topics. We outline the position of a main lithospheric scale detachment fault beneath the SB, based on apparent crustal scale displacements, Moho breaks, the thinning of the Moho transition zone beneath the SB and the changing mantle thickness. This fault interpretation is consistent with simple shear as the rift mechanism. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the tectonic setting, underlying crust, structural style, sequence stratigraphy, subsidence history and volcanism, we propose an active continental margin model for the SB which shows some similarities to aulacogens but also notable differences. Situated between two Late Mesozoic active continental margins, the northern/northwestern Mongol-Okhotsk and the eastern Sikhote-Alin orogenic belts, the Cretaceous basin evolved on a pre-Triassic structurally weak basement mosaic. Its development began with regional mega-rifting from 150 to 105 Ma, followed by significant sagging between 105 and 79.1 Ma and ended with regional uplift and basin inversion from 79.1 to 64 Ma. Three regional angular unconformities separate the basin fill into three respective tectono-stratigraphic sequences. (1) The syn-rift stage is characterized by widespread fault-bounded grabens and volcanogenic successions, corresponding upward to the Huoshiling, Shahezi and Yingcheng Formations. (2) The post-rift stage includes the Denglouku, Quantou, Qignshankou, Yaojia and Nenjiang Formations. It is a special feature that the subsidence rate is abnormally high (mean of 103 m/Ma), and that flood basalt erupted along an axial wrench fault zone, associated with several marine intervals from the mid-Turonian to early Campanian (K2qn to K2n), possibly (not certainly) indicating incipient sea floor spreading characterized by Moho breaks along the basin axis in the SB around 88 Ma. Stretching stopped abruptly at approximately 79.1 Ma and was followed by uplift and rapid erosion (-145 m/Ma). (3) Recorded by the Sifangtai and Mingshui Formations the structural inversion stage included a continuous depocenter migration to the northwest. The basin was shrinking to demise as a result of changing subduction parameters of the Pacific subduction zone. In addition to the three tectonic basin cycles, a cyclic basin fill pattern exists with three volcanic basin fill intervals of Huoshiling, Yingcheng, and upper Qingshankou Formations that alternate with sedimentary basin fill intervals of Shahezi, Dengloukou-Quantou, and Yaojia-Nenjiang Formations.When determining the subsidence rates, we observed not only anomalously fast subsidence but also found an intricate link between the subsidence rate and type of basin fill. After each volcanic interval, the subsidence rates increased in a cyclic fashion during the sedimentary intervals. Thus, there is a system of three different types of important, basin-wide geological cycles that controlled the evolution of the SB. The subsidence rate was especially high (up to 199 m/Ma) after the last volcanic episode at 88 Ma. In addition to thermal subsidence and loading by the basin fill as causative processes, we also consider magmatic processes related to asthenospheric upwelling beneath the SB. They involve the roof collapse of shallow, depleted magma chambers, the igneous accretion of initially hot, dense, basic rocks, and lithospheric delamination beneath the SB. The difference in the subsidence rates during the volcanic and sedimentary intervals may in part also have been due to heating-related uplift during the volcanic intervals. The particularly high subsidence during the Late Cretaceous sedimentary cycles was partly increased by transtension. We put forward a general model for active continental margin basins. They are generally similar to aulacogens but display the following differences. In active continental margin basins, rifting depends on the subduction parameters that may cause strong to mild extension in the giant marginal region. The geochemical composition of the volcanic rocks is more calc-alkaline in nature because they are suprasubduction-related. These basins will eventually enter a post-rift sag stage that involves thermal subsidence. However, the basin will still be near an active continental margin, and, thus, some dip- and/or strike-slip faulting may occur coevally, depending on the subduction parameters. Sag cycles in active continental margin basins will likely include volcanism. Basin inversion will after all affect active continental margin basins. Such basins strike parallel to the respective continental margin. Thus, basin inversion by subduction/collision may be more intense than in the case of aulacogens, which do not tend to strike parallel to the continental margin. Basin inversion may also precede a collision due to changing subduction parameters. Subsidence behavior may also differ because many aspects of subsidence may be at work. Subsidence curves in active continental margin basins may be fairly individual. The application of our model only requires settings with the presence of one Pacific margin type. © 2016 The Authors. 2016 English 00128252 10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.05.004 Earth-Science Reviews 159 Elsevier B.V. 82-102 College of Earth Sciences and Key-Lab for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in NE Asia, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Department of Earth Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; YuA. Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation; Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 57706, United States collision zone; continental margin; detachment fault; Moho; Pacific plate; rift zone; subduction; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; three-dimensional modeling; transition zone, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971382164&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2016.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=d04a4531fb4118ece4423a0c524620d4 cited By 149 P.-J. Wang F. Mattern N.A. Didenko D.-F. Zhu B. Singer X.-M. Sun article Cao2016866 The Songliao Basin is the largest non-marine oil-bearing basin in China. Due to the absence of sufficient evidence, the hypothesis of seawater incursion(s) into the Songliao Basin remains controversial. Marine fossil materials can provide direct explanations. More recently, a few calcareous nannofossils were discovered from units 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation in drill hole SK-1. In these fossils, some taxa have been positively identified, namely Calculites obscurus, Calculites ovalis, Quadrum sp., and Micula sp. They were distributed in marine environment of the Cretaceous. Based on comparisons of the calcareous nannofossil assemblages from global records, the age of units 1 of the Nenjiang Formation seems to have spanned from the latest Turonian to Maastrichtian. The nannofossils from the Songliao Basin have the marine origin, characterized by common diversity and abundance. The distribution and paleoecology of the calcareous nannofossils as well as the co-existing foraminifera in the SK-1 provide further evidence for seawater incursion events in the Songliao Basin. The authors hold that periodical seawater incursion(s) brought calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera into the Songliao Basin during sedimentation of units 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation, when both lake and sea were at high level. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved. Article 2016 Chinese 16712552 Geological Bulletin of China 35 China Geological Survey 866 – 871 6 China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin; Calculites (nannofossil); Foraminifera; Micula; abundance; Cretaceous; foraminifera; fossil assemblage; geological record; marine environment; nanofossil; paleoecology; seawater; sedimentation; species diversity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976508989&partnerID=40&md5=ea378728952c50257d0b52db0ac7ffa6 Cited by: 4 Wenxin Cao Dangpeng Xi Qinghua Huang Yi Cheng Haiying Qu Lianfeng Gao Xiaoqiao Wan article 2016 10.7605/gdlxb.2016.05.065 Journal of Palaeogeography 18 857-864 5 Y. Cha X. Wu D. Yu article Batten201640 The composite SK-1 borehole drilled in the Songliao Basin, north-east China penetrated non-marine rocks of Late Cretaceous age, some of which yielded assemblages of Ghoshispora. Species of this megaspore genus have palaeoenvironmental and potentially also biostratigraphic significance. Their value as determinants of age is, however, currently limited because many are difficult if not impossible to differentiate as our appraisal of their morphological characters reveals. This review helped to put the specimens recovered from the SK-1 borehole into context and led to the identification of a few of the specimens as Ghoshispora kondinskayae (Srivastava et Binda) Srivastava, G. sp. cf. G. bella (Kondinskaya) subsp. deltoidea Kutluk et al., and G. sp. cf. G. rara (Kondinskaya) Srivastava. Several revealed characters under the scanning electron microscope that differ from those of previously published species: two of these are described as new, namely Ghoshispora zhaoi sp. nov. and G. bulbosa sp. nov. Owing to a lack of sufficient specimens six other morphotypes have had to be identified in open nomenclature as G. sp. A-F. It is likely that the parent plants of all of the species grew in and/or close to standing water. The comparatively large number of very small specimens in association with, and having some of the characters of, the larger representatives of G. zhaoi suggests that a few might be the microspores of this species rather than incompletely developed megaspores. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 00346667 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2016.05.001 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 232 Elsevier B.V. 40-60 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China biogenic deposit; biostratigraphy; Cretaceous; fern; fossil assemblage; geographical distribution; identification method; morphology; morphotype; nomenclature; paleoenvironment; palynology; scanning electron microscopy; spore; taxonomy, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973367361&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2016.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=f96e6682ed08d6ff83df7545b8802330 cited By 3 D.J. Batten J. Li J. Peng article Xi2016172 The Songliao Basin is the largest non-marine oil-bearing basin in China. Because of the absence of substantial evidence, the hypothesis of seawater incursion events into the Songliao Basin remains controversial. The presence of marine fossils could provide direct proof to support this supposition. Here, we report new discoveries of foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, brackish dinoflagellates, and other marine and brackish-water fossils to support the suggestion of seawater incursion events in the Songliao Basin. Relatively abundant benthic and planktonic foraminifera, calcareous nannofossils, marine and brackish-water dinoflagellates, fish, and bivalves have been discovered in Members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation, a few foraminifera and brackish-water dinoflagellates have been found in the lower Qingshankou Formation, and just a few brackish-water bivalves have been found in the uppermost Qingshankou Fm. Based on the presence of marine molecular fossils and other evidence, we suggest that relatively large seawater incursion events occurred during the sedimentation of the lower Nenjiang Fm., relatively smaller seawater incursions occurred during the deposition of the lower Qingshankou Fm., and possibly a very small seawater incursion occurred during the sedimentation of the uppermost Qingshankou Fm. These seawater incursion events in the Songliao Basin were controlled by regional tectonic activity, evolution of the palaeo Songliao Lake, and global sea level change. These periodic seawater incursions brought marine biota into the palaeo Songliao Lake. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 2016 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.025 Cretaceous Research 62 Academic Press 172-182 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Xueyuan Lu 29, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163712, China; Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, CEP 70.910-900, Brazil; Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510075, China biostratigraphy; bivalve; Cretaceous; dinoflagellate; fish; foraminifera; lacustrine environment; nanofossil; paleoenvironment; seawater, China; Songliao Basin, Bivalvia; Dinophyceae; Foraminifera https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960813942&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2015.10.025&partnerID=40&md5=b50263fc4834e6ada8de1855a46dfabb cited By 40 D. Xi W. Cao Q. Huang D.A. Do Carmo S. Li X. Jing Y. Tu J. Jia H. Qu J. Zhao X. Wan article Liu201613007 In the context of well drilling and during the process of drilling down and tripping out of drill string, it is the inevitable contact and friction between drill pipe and casing that causes the wear of the drill pipe and casing tube, especially in the case of drilling deep, ultra-deep, and horizontal wells. Compared with steel drill pipe, the wear of aluminum alloy drill pipe appears to be more serious. Nanoparticles as additives in drilling fluids could potentially reduce mechanical friction, greatly enhancing the lubricating properties of drilling fluids and subsequently reducing the drill pipe and casing materials surface losses. Within this study an attempt has been made to improve the lubricating properties of drilling fluid with regard to deep, complicated drilling conditions by adding oxide nanoparticles to the fluid. Spherical alumina (Al2O3), titania (TiO2), silica (SiO8) and diamond nanoparticles were selected as drilling fluid additives. Effects of different types and concentrations of oxide nanoparticle additives on lubricating properties and friction reduction of drilling fluid have been studied by using an extreme pressure lubrication device and a pin-on-disk tester. In pin-on-disk tests, the pin material was AISI316 steel (casing material) and the disk material was 7075 aluminum alloy (drill pipe material). The pin-on-disk friction and wear tests were carried out under the condition that the pin and disk were immerged in drilling fluid. Results indicated that the lubricating properties of waterbased drilling fluid significantly improved upon adding an appropriate amount of SiO2 nanoparticles, meanwhile TiO2, Al2O3 and diamond nanoparticles had limited effects on the lubricating properties of drilling fluid. The LR (lubricating factor reduce rate) of drilling fluid increased to the maximum value of 16.6% at 0.5 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles addition. The WV (wear volume) of aluminum alloy disc decreased to the minimum value of 0.31 mm3 at 0.4 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles addition. On the basis of the above experimental results, 0.4 wt% SiO2 nanoparticles were added to the oil based drilling fluids used in SK-II well drilling, which is a scientific continental drilling project in the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of northeast China. Results showed that the lubricating coefficient of the drilling fluid was reduced by 20.3%, the friction factor reduction rate was increased by 29.7%, and the aluminum disc wear volume decreased by 26.3%. Copyright © 2016 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved. 2016 English 15334880 10.1166/jnn.2016.13849 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16 American Scientific Publishers 13007-13013 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Key Lab. of Drilling and Exploitation Technology in Complex Conditions, Ministry of Land and Resources, Changchun, 130061, China; State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China 12 Alumina; Aluminum alloys; Aluminum oxide; Diamond drilling; Diamonds; Drill pipe; Drill strings; Drilling fluids; Drills; Friction; Horizontal drilling; Horizontal wells; Silica nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide; Tribology; Wear resistance, Diamond nano-particles; Drilling fluid additives; Lubricating properties; Lubrication devices; Oil-based drilling fluid; Pin on disk; Pin on disk friction; Water-based drilling fluid, Oil well drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994667718&doi=10.1166%2fjnn.2016.13849&partnerID=40&md5=70a42db1827c03863633c644a37e9f59 cited By 7 B.C. Liu S.Q. Liu Z.R. Chen Q.N. Meng C. Li article Zhang2016112 A large body of evidence suggests that there were extensive coastal mountains along the East Asian margin during the Late Cretaceous. However, current knowledge of the paleo-mountains — the period, range, and elevation — is limited. Therefore, direct paleoaltimetry is needed to validate and evaluate the paleo-mountains in East Asia. Our study area is Jiaolai Basin, which is located at the East Asian continental margin. We estimate the paleoelevation of Jiaolai Basin during the Late Cretaceous using carbonate clumped isotope paleothermometry. After correcting for seasonal preference, latitudinal difference, and secular climate change, we conclude that the paleoelevation of Jiaolai Basin was almost certainly ≥2.0 km at ∼80 Ma. Combined with the evidence from stratigraphy, paleogeography, and paleoclimatology, our results suggest that the existence of coastal mountains along East Asia during the Late Cretaceous is likely and the model of Okhotomorsk–East Asia collision is preferred. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.034 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 456 Elsevier B.V. 112-123 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; The Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao, 266071, China Climate change; Isotopes; Stratigraphy, Clumped isotopes; coastal mountains; East Asia; Jiaolai Basin; Late cretaceous; Paleoelevation, Landforms, continental margin; Cretaceous; elevation; paleoclimate; paleogeography; stratigraphy, China; Jiaolai Basin; Shandong https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994336862&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2016.09.034&partnerID=40&md5=be6a73aa36b5e2a8ded22c8c4873391f cited By 66 L. Zhang C. Wang K. Cao Q. Wang J. Tan Y. Gao article 2016 10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2016.05.014 Geology and Exploration 52 931-936 5 W. Zheng X. Wu Y. Huang W. Wang D. Wu H. Huang article Qin2024168 Article 2016 Acta Geologica Sinica 90 2109-2122 09 Z. Xu W. Yang J. Yang Z. An C. Wang H. Li J. Liu D. Su B. He D. Wang W. Zhang X. Zhang article Lin2025 Article 2016 10.16816/j.cnki.ksjx.2016.02.008 Mining & Processing Equipment 44 31-34+41 02 Y. Hu X. Yu H. Zhang X. Zhu M. Xiang article Wang201698 Volcanism is a natural climate force that causes variations in temperatures. The Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE-1a) was preceded by a prominent negative C-isotope excursion attributed to major volcanism of the Ontong Java plateau (OJP), which presumably resulted in a pCO2 increase and a climatic change. However, the OJP alone may not adequately explain some important isotopic signatures such as the negative strontium-isotope excursion from 125 Ma to 113 Ma that is recorded in the corresponding marine deposits. We present an independent and hitherto undocumented case, the giant Aptian volcanism in the Songliao Basin and northeast Asia (SB-V) on the Cretaceous active continental margin between the Eurasian and the Pacific plates, which covered an area of ca. 2.3 × 106 km2, nearly matching the simultaneous case of the OJP. Intensive strong, explosive volcanic eruptions of the SB-V occurred at 121-109 Ma and introduced a large volume of fine-grained volcanic ash and degassing volatiles into the atmosphere. The Aptian isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb) of marine carbonates from the Mid-Pacific shift in values between their Barremian pre-excursion high values and the negative magmatic values of the SB-V. The transient global cooling at the onset of the OAE-1a coincided with the beginning of the violent acidic eruption of the SB-V (119.9-120.2 Ma). We therefore infer that the SB-V must have played a role in the Aptian global climatic changes and OAE-1a through the heavy fall of volcanic dust and the outgassing of aerosol and greenhouse gases. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 2016 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.09.021 Cretaceous Research 62 Academic Press 98-108 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China aerosol; anoxic conditions; Aptian; climate change; explosive volcanism; global change; greenhouse gas; isotopic analysis; volcanic ash; volcanic eruption, China; Northeast Asia; Ontong Java Plateau; Pacific Ocean; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960812738&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2015.09.021&partnerID=40&md5=246da79d3f65f1bf9f3070c5f44ff3e5 cited By 20 P. Wang C. Chen H. Liu article Sun2016222 This paper presents the earth science program SinoProbe in China, especially the deep continental scientific drilling equipment: "Crust 1" 10k ultra-deep scientific drilling rig and 4 indigenous key equipment: Topdrive system, Pipe handler, Hydraulic catwalk and Iron roughneck. These equipment can save auxiliary time, improve drilling efficiency and reduce labor intensity. Components and technical parameters were also introduced. "Crust 1" was deployed to drill through the Cretaceous continental strata of continental scientific drilling well: Songliao Basin Drilling Project (CCSD-SKII), which is the deepest scientific drilling program in China. Casing program was also introduced in this paper. Automated equipment performs a critical function in CCSD-SKII, the application can provide experience for furthermore scientific drilling program with designed well depth over 10,000 m in China. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.. 2016 English 09204105 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.04.003 Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 145 Elsevier B.V. 222-229 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; Laboratory of Open Research on Complex Conditions Drilling, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China Application programs; Auxiliary equipment; Drilling rigs; Equipment; Hydraulic machinery, Catwalk; Crust 1; Drilling projects; Iron roughneck; Topdrive; Ultra-deep drilling, Drilling equipment, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; Cretaceous; drilling; drilling rig; hydrocarbon exploration, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963944095&doi=10.1016%2fj.petrol.2016.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=4a8e233d415b01bab86aa60b1fc65c19 cited By 17 Y. Sun F. Zhang Q. Wang K. Gao article Zou2016279 CCSD-SK-2 East Borehole is the main borehole of China Continental Scientific Drilling Project in Songliao Basin, which is designed to reach a depth of 6400 m to penetrate Cretaceous strata. Its implementation is important for the research of the Cretaceous sedimentary environment and climate, for the achievement of new breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration, for the enhancement of the deep-drilling level and geophysical logging techniques, etc. Based on the scientific objectives and tasks of this project, combined with the design of drilling engineering and the characteristics of well conditions, the authors carried out the logging design of CCSD-SK-2 East-Borehole,intending to adopt the most advanced equipment to acquire log data. The adopted logging suits include comprehensive logging in openhole and cement-evaluation logging in cased hole. Based on the situation of drilling times and programs, eight times of comprehensive logging and five times of cement-evaluation logging are designed respectively, and comprehensive logging suits in different drilling times are different; taking into account the challenge of high temperature under the depth of 4500 m, logging items are designed including both required and selected ones. This logging design not only seeks to completely acquire all kinds of log data, but also conduces to flexibly deal with complex conditions of the borehole, which would be beneficial to the achievement of scientific goals. © 2016, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. Article 2016 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2016.03.031 Earth Science Frontiers 23 Science Frontiers editorial department 279 – 287 3 Cements; Deep oil well drilling; Density measurement (specific gravity); Geophysics; Oil well drilling; Oil well drilling equipment; Petroleum prospecting; Well logging; Continental scientific drillings; Cretaceous; Drilling engineering; Geophysical logging; Oil and gas exploration; Scientific objectives; Sedimentary environment; Songliao basin; Boring https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971281741&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2016.03.031&partnerID=40&md5=34c1bbd2f4b6eaefeee10ccbcb553a61 Cited by: 14 Changchun Zou Liang Xiao Yixiong Niu Jie Hou Cheng Peng article Ibarra2015781 Lake systems are important paleoclimate archives that preserve ecosystem and hydrologic responses to critical periods in Earth history, such as carbon cycle perturbations and glacial-interglacial cycles. Geochemical measurements of biogenic carbonate (for example, δ18O, δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, [Li], [U], [Sr], and [Mg]) are indicators of hydrologic variability in lake systems throughout the geologic record. In this study, we present a new closed-basin lake modeling approach, HyBIM (the Hydrologic Balance Inverse Model) that employs a system of total differential equations and uses the measured δ18O, Sr/Ca, and Mg/Ca of biogenic carbonate to determine changes in temperature, runoff, and lake evaporation. Using equally-spaced time steps, these equations are simultaneously solved to constrain the hydrologic parameters of the lake as recorded in biogenic carbonate. We use a Monte Carlo approach to account for uncertainty in the input parameters, such as δ18O temperature relationships, partition coefficient uncertainty, and watershed solute chemistry. For illustrative purposes, we apply the model to two ostracod valve datasets covering different timescales: (1) the Cretaceous Songliao Basin, northeast China, and (2) Holocene Lake Miragoane, Haiti. Modern water measurements of water isotopes and cation concentrations from each location are required as model inputs. We compare our modeling results with author interpretations and geologic observations. The modeling approach presented in this study can be applied to other closed-basin lake records, can be modified for other calcifying species (for example, gastropods or mollusks) or with calibration to inorganic lacustrine carbonate. In addition, this approach holds promise for extension with additional proxy measurements (that is, δD, U/Ca or Li/Ca) and changing source area on tectonic timescales using proxies that reflect changing source lithology (that is, Sr and Pb isotopes). Future incorporation of age model uncertainty in the Monte Carlo approach will also provide utility by quantifying temporal uncertainty on the hydrologic response recorded by lake sediments. 2015 English 00029599 10.2475/09.2015.01 American Journal of Science 315 Yale University 781-808 Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA 94305-4216, United States 9 lacustrine deposit; lake water; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; paleohydrology; trace element; water chemistry; water quality; water temperature, Gastropoda; Mollusca; Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954305645&doi=10.2475%2f09.2015.01&partnerID=40&md5=35246d0d8754e4a869150b219d0abfcc cited By 9 D.E. Ibarra C.P. Chamberlain article Ji2015226 A palynological record recovered from successions of Coniacian to early Campanian age (89.1-83.5Ma) was obtained from the lacustrine sequences of the SK-I south core (SK-Is) in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The palynoflora is dominated by bisaccate gymnosperm pollen, followed by spores of pteridophytes, and just minor amounts of angiosperm pollen. Based on the relative abundance of the different spore and pollen taxa through the core, the succession was subdivided into three palynological assemblages. The results indicate two opposite trends for climate change, a minor warming trend (from 89.1 to 85.7Ma) followed by a rapid cooling trend (85.7-83.5Ma). The first warming trend reached its maximum at 85.7Ma, which is inconsistent with results from the marine realm (which instead show a minor cooling trend based on several proxy records). However, the second cooling phase is consistent with global changes from various and abundant palaeoclimate proxies from marine deposits. We interpret the climatic changes within the studied interval (89.1-83.5Ma) as a consequence of the shifting climate from a hot/super greenhouse to a temperate greenhouse. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 2015 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.04.006 Cretaceous Research 56 Academic Press 226-236 Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China Campanian; climate variation; Coniacian; flora; geological record; paleoclimate; palynology; proxy climate record; sequence stratigraphy; temperate environment, China; Songliao Basin, Gymnospermae; Magnoliophyta; Pteridophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936753652&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2015.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=0dbce41de8dc7209e5273c7ca7eb1a31 cited By 12 L. Ji M. Zhang Z. Song article article 2015 01 10.18307/2015.0122 Journal of Lake Sciences 27 190-194 Meiyu Liu Jianfang Hu Wan Xiaoqiao article Wang201599 On the basis of the new results of the CCSD (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling) and the integrated information concerning tectonic basin classification and 3-D description of the Songliao Basin (SB), we reevaluate the type, tectonic evolution, and geodynamics of the SB according to systematical analysis of tectonic setting and basin fillings. The SB is on the northeast marginal zone of Mongolia-North China Plate. It is united with the Siberian Plate by the Mongolia-Okhotsk suture belt to the north, and connected with the Pacific Plate by Sikhote-Alin accretionary belt to the east. The vertical filling successions of the SB can be subdivided into three tectono-stratigraphic units by two regional unconformities which are on the top boundaries of the Yingcheng (K1y) (ca. 110 Ma) and Nenjiang (K2n) (ca. 79.1 Ma) Formations, respectively. The three tectono-stratigraphic units are block faulting (Huoshiling to Yingcheng Formations), interior sag (Denglouku to Nenjiang Formations), and structural inversion (Sifangtai to Yi'an Formations) sequences. The block faulting sequence is a kind of volcanic rift basin, and the latter two all belong to the type of interior sag basin. In the block faulting period (150-110 Ma), syn-rift volcanogenic successions were formed under the impact of regional extension that may be caused by the Plate reorganization from two sides, the northern and eastern active continental margins. The post-rift basin fills (110-79.1 Ma) may result from the superimposed subsidence of both post volcanic thermal declining and regional strike-slip pull-apart effect. Widespread and thick source rocks deposited because of the high rate and under-compensation of sedimentation in this period. In the structural inversion period (79.1-40 Ma), depocenter of the SB migrated northwestward, and the basin was shrinking to demise. This was a result of the regional compression that should be caused by the Pacific Plate subduction under the eastern margin of the Eurasian Plate in the Mid-Cretaceous to the Middle Eocene. ©, 2015, The Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved. 2015 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2015.03.009 Earth Science Frontiers 22 Science Frontiers editorial department 99-117 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; Research Center of Palaeontology & Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China 3 Classification (of information); Faulting; Geodynamics; Stratigraphy; Volcanoes, Continental scientific drillings; Integrated informations; North China; Songliao basin; Stratigraphic units; Systematical analysis; Tectonic evolution; Volcanic rifts, Plates (structural components) https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930425321&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2015.03.009&partnerID=40&md5=4ca975df6aa8e94fa95f4a4545dca1b3 cited By 37 P. Wang R. Zhao Q. Meng X. Qu D. Zhu Y. Gao article li2015carbon 2015 Geochimica 44 337-347 4 WANG Li CAO Xinxing LI Yan others article Hu2015 Many large paleo-lakes in North China were formed after the Triassic Era. Seawater incursion events (SWIEs) in these lakes have been extensively discussed in the literature, yet lack reliable methodology and solid evidence, which are essential for reconstructing and confirming SWIEs. The present study employs specific marine biological markers (24-n-propyl and 24-isopropyl cholestanes) to trace SWIEs in a dated core taken from the Songliao Basin (SLB). Two SWIEs were identified. The first SWIE from 91.37 to 89.00 Ma, was continuous and variable but not strong, while the second SWIE from 84.72 to 83.72 Ma was episodic and strong. SWIEs caused high total organic carbon (TOC) and negative δ13Corg values in the sediments, which were interpreted as an indication of high productivity in the lake, due to the enhancement of nutrient supplies as well as high levels of aqueous CO2, due to the mixing of alkaline seawater and acidic lake water. The SWIEs in SLB were controlled by regional tectonic activity and eustatic variation. Movement direction changes of the Izanagi/Kula Plate in 90 Ma and 84 Ma created faults and triggered SWIEs. A high sea level, from 90 to 84 Ma, also facilitated the occurrence of SWIEs in SLB. 2015 English 20452322 10.1038/srep09508 Scientific Reports 5 Nature Publishing Group State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China biological marker; carbon; sea water, China; lake, Biomarkers; Carbon; China; Lakes; Seawater https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929193257&doi=10.1038%2fsrep09508&partnerID=40&md5=944740a309163009ed803165e3f81163 cited By 51 J.F. Hu P.A. Peng M.Y. Liu D.P. Xi J.Z. Song X.Q. Wan C.S. Wang article cao2015distribution 2015 Geochimica 44 536-545 XX Cao Y Li L Wang Q Yin ZG Song DF Zhao article Lin2025 Article 2015 Chinese Journal of Nature 37 79-85 02 Y. Huang C. Wang article Gao2015287 The Late Cretaceous (late Campanian to Maastrichtian) was characterized by a variable greenhouse climate, with evidence for cooling and/or glaciation and warming events. Most of these climatic signals are derived from marine records, and knowledge of the terrestrial climate, especially in the mid-latitudes, is limited due to fragmentary geological records on continents. Here we report mid-latitude terrestrial stable oxygen and carbon isotope data from pedogenic carbonates in the nearly continuous Late Cretaceous age SK-1 core drilled in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. Our data indicate a punctuated, mid-latitude terrestrial climate in the Late Cretaceous. We interpret the negative excursion of pedogenic carbonate δ18O in the early Maastrichtian to be the result of decreasing temperature and/or strengthened westerlies during global cooling and possible glaciation, providing valuable mid-latitude terrestrial evidence for this event. The negative δ13C isotopic excursion ca. 66 Ma is modeled as higher primary productivity caused by increasing temperature and precipitation in response to a warming climate in the latest Cretaceous. Our continuous stable isotopic records in the Songliao Basin are in accordance with previously published global Late Cretaceous records of climate variability from marine and terrestrial regions, and demonstrate the sensitivity of mid-latitude terrestrial climate in a greenhouse world. © 2015 Geological Society of America. 2015 English 00917613 10.1130/G36427.1 Geology 43 Geological Society of America 287-290 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 4 Greenhouses; Isotopes; Temperature, Carbon isotopes; Climate variability; Climatic signals; Greenhouse climates; Increasing temperatures; Pedogenic carbonates; Primary productivity; Warming climate, Glacial geology, carbon isotope; carbonate; climate variation; Cretaceous; global climate; midlatitude environment; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; stable isotope, China; Far East; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939121346&doi=10.1130%2fG36427.1&partnerID=40&md5=7e1830be70d982e5a5528aff44fa4d3b cited By 66 Y. Gao D.E. Ibarra C. Wang J.K. Caves C.P. Chamberlain S.A. Graham H. Wu article Xu201510 A high temperature water base drilling fluid was formulated with sodium bentonite and attapulgite, and a high temperature water-in-oil stabilizer, MG-H2 which is synthesized through emulsion polymerization. Laboratory evaluation of the drilling fluid showed that, after aging at 240 °C, the drilling fluid still retained satisfactory rheology and filtration properties. It had good inhibitive capacity and was resistant to contamination caused by the introduction of 10% clay, or a combination of 5% NaCl and 1% CaCl2. It also had good lubricity at high temperature. The formulation of this high temperature drilling fluid lays the foundation for the formulation of an ultra-high temperature drilling fluid, say, 260 °C, for the drilling of the Well Songke-2. Article 2015 Chinese 10015620 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2015.01.003 Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid 32 North China Petroleum Administration Drilling Technology Research Institute 10–13 and 97 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84932100495&doi=10.3969%2fj.issn.1001-5620.2015.01.003&partnerID=40&md5=19acc47a170bd5eb3b1b0b18df4ba469 Cited by: 11 Jie Xu Xiaoming Wu Yongyi Zhu V.F. Chikhotkin Mingbiao Xu Chuan Wu Wenlong Zheng article Wang2015895 The Sifangtai and Mingshui formations were continuously cored in the SK-1n borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongKe1-the north borehole). The core is 767.96 m long, and the recovery is 94.7%. The ages of the formations range from middle Campanian to Danian. The sequence and process of lithology-lithofacies and cyclic stratigraphy were described in detail. Eight litho-types compose the Sifangtai Formation, and 15 litho-types compose the Mingshui Formation. Deposition was predominantly in meandering river and lacustrine environments, including 10 microfacies in the Sifangtai Formation and 15 microfacies in the Mingshui Formation. The complete sequence is composed of 535 m-scale cycles (sixth-order cycle), 152 fifth-order cycles, 42 fourth-order cycles and five third-order cycles. The centimeter-scale description of the section revealed some previously unknown horizons such as a special type of mudstone, marl, volcanic ash and favorable sand reservoirs in the formations. The new-found evidence is very important for the interpretation of the evolution of the basin, conditions such as lake oxic events, the K/Pg boundary, tectonism in the late sag basin stage, and the reservoir-cap rock assemblages in the shallow stratigraphy. © 2015 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. 2015 English 16749871 10.1016/j.gsf.2015.02.003 Geoscience Frontiers 6 Elsevier B.V. 895-912 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest (NWGI), PetroChina, Lanzhou, 730020, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Research Center of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun, 130026, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China 6 age determination; basin evolution; borehole; Campanian; Danian; drilling; facies analysis; geological record; lithofacies; lithology; sedimentary structure; stratigraphy; tectonic setting, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946474115&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2015.02.003&partnerID=40&md5=ad6a5871bbe1c8983b5c29bb685cf5ac cited By 14 G. Wang R. Cheng P. Wang Y. Gao C. Wang Y. Ren Q. Huang article wenlong2015drilling 2015 石油钻采工艺 37 石油钻采工艺 32-35 3 ZHENG Wenlong Wu Xiaoming ZHU Yongyi Wang Wenshi ZHANG Linsheng Xu Jie article Qiu20151185 2015 English 00368075 10.1126/science.348.6240.1185 Science 348 American Association for the Advancement of Science 1185 Beijing, China 6240 biostratigraphy; climate variation; dinosaur; fossil record; Jurassic; paleoenvironment; skeleton; taphonomy, biota; climate; Cretaceous; dinosaur; geological time; greenhouse effect; Jurassic; lake sediment; Maastrichtian; mass extinction; nonhuman; Paleocene; priority journal; Short Survey; temperature; animal; China; climate; greenhouse effect; lake; sediment; species extinction; temperature, Dinosauria, Animals; China; Climate; Dinosaurs; Extinction, Biological; Geologic Sediments; Global Warming; Greenhouse Effect; Lakes; Temperature https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936103189&doi=10.1126%2fscience.348.6240.1185&partnerID=40&md5=262dee2ca42f51bc1469c9da6dca3b07 cited By 0 J. Qiu article Gao2015469 Sedimentary and diagenetic processes control the distribution of clay minerals in sedimentary basins, although these processes have seldom been studied continuously in continental sedimentary basins. The Songliao Basin, northeast China, is a large continental, petroleum-bearing basin, and provides a unique study site to understand the sedimentary and diagenetic processes that influence clay assemblages. In this paper, the clay mineralogy of a 2500 m-thick Late Cretaceous (late Turonian to Maastrichtian) terrestrial sedimentary succession (SK-1s and SK-1n cores), retrieved by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program in the Songliao Basin, was examined. The objective was to determine the diagenetic and paleoenvironmental variations that controlled the formation of clay mineral assemblages, and to determine the thermal and paleoenvironmental evolution of the basin. The results from both cores show that illite is ubiquitous through the succession, smectite is frequently encountered in the upper strata, and ordered mixed-layer illite-smectite (I-S), chlorite, and kaolinite are abundant in the lower strata. Burial diagenesis is the primary control on the observed decrease of smectite and increasing illite, I-S, and chlorite with depth. Observations of clay-mineral diagenesis are used to reconstruct the paleotemperatures and maximum burial depths to which the sediments were subjected. The lowermost sediments could have reached a maximum burial of ~1000 m deeper than today and temperatures ~50ºC higher than today in the latest Cretaceous. The transition of smectite to I-S in the SK-1 cores and the inferred paleotemperatures provide new constraints for basin modeling of oil maturation at elevated temperatures in the Songliao Basin. Authigenic kaolinite and smectite are enriched in sandstones with respect to the coeval mudstones from the SK-1n core, as a result of early diagenesis with the participation of primary aluminosilicates and pore fluids. In the upper part of both SK-1 cores, variations in smectite and illite were controlled primarily by paleoenvironmental changes. Increases in smectite and decreases in illite from the late Campanian to Maastrichtian are interpreted as resulting from increasing humidity, a conclusion consistent with previous paleoenvironmental interpretations. © 2015, Clays and Clay Minerals. All rights reserved. 2015 English 00098604 10.1346/CCMN.2015.0630605 Clays and Clay Minerals 63 Clay Minerals Society 469-484 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4216, United States 6 Kaolinite; Minerals; Petroleum deposits; Process control; Sedimentology; Settling tanks, China; Diagenesis; Late cretaceous; Paleo-environment; Songliao basin; Thermal evolution, Clay minerals, aluminosilicate; Campanian; diagenesis; kaolinite; Maastrichtian; paleoenvironment; sedimentary basin; smectite, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959499216&doi=10.1346%2fCCMN.2015.0630605&partnerID=40&md5=79d1b47a6a2c7e4624db5fe652d12843 cited By 16 Y. Gao C. Wang Z. Liu X. Du D.E. Ibarra article Wang201568 Stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ13Corg) and compound-specific δ13C values of biomarkers from 15 lacustrine source rocks were analyzed to identify the original paleoenvironment and source organisms. The δ13C values of hopanes (δ13Chop) ranged from -68.7‰ to -32‰ and exhibit strongly 13C-depleted values in the lower part of Member 1 of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n1, up to -68.7‰), suggesting an origin from predominantly methanotrophic bacteria. 13C-enriched δ13CGa values and significantly 13C-depleted δ13Chop in K2n1, which coincide with water stratification and an intermittent anoxic photic zone, represents a shallow chemocline. The presence of an intermittent anoxic photic zone, which means that the anoxia expanded into the euphotic zone, is beneficial for OM preservation and results in high values of TOC and HI in this section. However, the absence of gammacerane and 13C-enrichment of δ13Chop in Member 2 of Nenjiang Formation (K2n2) reflect a deeper chemocline, corresponding to relatively oxidizing conditions and low values of TOC and HI. Moreover, the negative correlation of TOC vs δ13Corg and HI vs δ13Corg reflects the control of OM formation by sedimentary environments rather than productivity in the water column. Thus, the depth of the chemocline not only controls the abundance of OM but also affects the development of the microbial community, such as chemoautotrophic bacteria in the deep chemocline and chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic bacteria in the shallow chemocline. Moreover, δ13CGa and δ13C values for 4-methyl steranes are related to water salinity, with a higher salinity accompanied by 13C-enrichment in gammacerane and 4-methyl steranes. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 2015 English 01466380 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.07.011 Organic Geochemistry 87 Elsevier Ltd 68-77 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China Bacteria; Gallium; Isotopes, Carbon isotopes; Chemocline; Nenjiang Formation; Paleo-environment; Upper Cretaceous, Biomarkers, anoxic conditions; carbon isotope; chemoautotrophy; Cretaceous; economic geology; hydrocarbon; isotopic composition; lacustrine environment; microbial community; paleoenvironment; source rock; stratification, China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939622486&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2015.07.011&partnerID=40&md5=feeeaf00d60dee2263f6fa972af6d18b cited By 16 L. Wang Z. Song X. Cao Y. Li article 2014 10.16509/j.georeview.2014.01.003 Geological review 60 145-158 1 X. Ding M. Han S. Zhang M. Fu Y. Wan article Song20141 The T11 unconformity lies between the Qingshankou and Yaojia Formations in the post-rifting sequence of the Cretaceous Songliao Basin, NE China. It is intimately associated with petroleum reservoirs and considered to be a disconformity forming in the tectonic quiet stage. We present the interpretations from new seismic surveys and cored sections of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling borehole (CCSD-SK-1) in order to resolve the nature and origin of T11 unconformity. The T11 is often a low-angle unconformity with underlying Qingshankou Formation having been deformed and eroded prior to deposition of the Yaojia Formation. In the post-rift evolution of the basin it marks an abrupt change from a deep lake to shallow lake or subaerial environment, documented by reddening of the lacustrine mudstone, extinction of the ostracod assemblages and a great increase of coarse detrital inputs. The sharp change of depositional environment, the truncation of gentle folds and the cluster of volcanic and paleoearthquake activities, all happened simultaneously, immediately before the development of T11 unconformity, indicating a significant regional compressional uplift event in the basin. The timing of the T11 unconformity formation is within the interval 88-86.2. Ma. Correlations with coeval unconformities in other Cretaceous sedimentary basins in eastern Asia indicate that this compressional uplift coincided with an episode of global plate reorganization between the Eurasian and Paleo-Pacific plates that culminated at 88-87. Ma. During this short interval the northeast Asian margin, in eastern China, South Korea, Japan and Russian Far East experienced widespread violent volcanic and granite emplacement activity triggered by compression resulting from rapid and orthogonal slab subduction. The post-rift basin tectonic inversion occurred during T11 (Coniacian) time; thereafter the basin again evolved in an extension regime. Two subsidence phases in post-rift history took place as the direct consequence of Coniacian compression peak, which defined the distribution of oil sources and reservoirs. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. 2014 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2014.07.023 Tectonophysics 634 Elsevier B.V. 1-18 Department of Geology, China University of Petroleum (East China), China; Department of Marine Science, China University of Geoscience (Wuhan), China; Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation; Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing), China Deposition; Geodynamics; Lakes; Petroleum reservoirs; Structural geology; Tectonics; Volcanoes, Basin inversions; Northeast Asia; Post-rift; Songliao basin; Unconformity, Petroleum reservoir engineering, Coniacian; depositional environment; depositional sequence; geodynamics; lacustrine deposit; paleoenvironment; plate tectonics; rifting; sedimentary basin; tectonic reconstruction; unconformity, China; Songliao Basin, Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920546586&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2014.07.023&partnerID=40&md5=3aca8eedd25b7b94c93896d3eddfec85 cited By 66 Y. Song J. Ren A.A. Stepashko J. Li article Qu2014786 Cretaceous non-marine deposits are widespread in China and have been studied comprehensively. The Songliao Basin in northeast China is thought to be well suited for investigation of Cretaceous biostratigraphy. However, despite much research having been conducted in the basin, little is known about its Late Cretaceous biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment. Here, we establish a high-resolution biostratigraphy of the Late Cretaceous based on ostracods from borehole SK1(n) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. As part of the present study, 45 species assigned to 20 genera have been recovered, with one new species (Ilyocypris bisulcata n. sp.) and five ostracod assemblages: the Cypridea gunsulinensis-Mongolocypris magna assemblage, which is marked by the first occurrence (F.O.) of Ilyocyprimorpha with nodes and spines; the Ilyocyprimorpha-Limnocypridea sunliaonensis-Periacanthella assemblage, which ranges from the F.O. of Ilyocyprimorpha with nodes and spines to the F.O. of Strumosia sp.; the Strumosia inandita assemblage from the F.O. of Strumosia sp. to the lower occurrence (L.O.) of Strumosia inandita; the Talicypridea amoena-Metacypris kaitunensis-Ziziphocypris simakovi assemblage from the F.O. of Mongolocypris apiculata (Cea) and Talicypridea amoena to the F.O. of Ilyocypris sp.; and the Ilyocypris assemblage from the F.O. of Ilyocypris sp. to the L.O. of Ilyocypris bisulcata n. sp. Moreover, the zonal fossil Ilyocypris bisulcata n. sp. of Zone 5 is here described for the first time from the upper Mingshui Formation, and Paleocene charophyte genera including Neochara and Grovesicahra have been found to coexist with the Zone 5 fauna. The age of the Ilyocypris Assemblage is assigned to the latest Maastrichtian to the earliest Danian. Copyright © 2014, The Paleontological Society. 2014 English 00223360 10.1666/13-076 Journal of Paleontology 88 Paleontological Society 786-798 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Xueyuanlu 29, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China; Impasse des Biroulayres, 33610 Cestas, France; University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Centre of Geology, Campo Grande, C6, 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Daqing Heilongjiang 163712, China 4 biostratigraphy; community structure; Cretaceous; Danian; fossil record; Maastrichtian; new species; ostracod; Paleocene; paleoenvironment; taxonomy, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904103740&doi=10.1666%2f13-076&partnerID=40&md5=6f8a7681d29e4ecbc15e1bf259846918 cited By 29 H. Qu D. Xi S. Li J.P. Colin Q. Huang X. Wan article Zhao20142985 Cretaceous climate was warmer than today. The Songliao Basin contains one of the most important Late Cretaceous non-marine deposits in China for the research of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. This research is based on core samples from the SK1(S) borehole. The strata sampled are the upper part of the Quantou Formation to member 2 of the Nenjiang Formation, where spores, pollen, dinoflagellates, and other microfossils are abundantly preserved. Based on analysis of the spores and pollen fossils from the core samples, the following six fossil assemblage zones have been recognized in ascending order: The Cicatricosisporites-Cyathidites-Pinuspollenites, Schizaeoisporites-Cyathidites-Classopollis, Cyathidites-Schizaeoisporites, Schizaeoisporites-Cyathidites-Proteacidites, Proteacidites-Cyathidites-Dictyotriletes, and the Lythraites-Callistipollenites-Schizaeoisporites zones. The six fossil zones range from the late Cenomanian to early Campanian. The Late Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts in the Songliao Basin are of high abundance and low diversity. Specific phytoplankton types reflect salinity changes of the Songliao Lake. Paleoecology of the dinoflagellates suggests that sediments of members 2 and 3 of the Yaojia Formation (K2y2+3) were deposited in a freshwater environment, whereas members 2 and 3 of the Qingshankou Formation (K2q2+3) and members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n1+2) were deposited in freshwater to brackish water environments. Combined with the paleoecology of dinoflagellates and the palynomorph biozones, valuable information of the paleoclimate was provided. The quantitative analyses of spores and pollen fossils, such as vegetation type, climate type, and humidity type, diversity and dominance, indicate a relatively sub-humid, mid-subtropical paleoclimate, with slight climatic fluctuation and/or temporal change. © 2014, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2014 English 16747313 10.1007/s11430-014-4975-4 Science China Earth Sciences 57 Science Press (China) 2985-2997 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Huabei Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Renqiu, 062552, China; Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou, 510075, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China 12 Climate change; Ecology; Water, dinoflagellate; Late cretaceous; Paleoclimates; Songliao basin; spores and pollen, Core samples, borehole; climate variation; Cretaceous; dinoflagellate cyst; dominance; fossil assemblage; microfossil; paleoclimate; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; palynology; sediment core; species diversity; warming, China; Songliao Basin, Dinophyceae https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916236887&doi=10.1007%2fs11430-014-4975-4&partnerID=40&md5=f94415601c614c4078e3222db1f3817b cited By 32 J. Zhao X.Q. Wan D.P. Xi X. Jing W. Li Q.H. Huang J.Y. Zhang article Wagreich2014115 For many years Eduard Suess dealt with the phenomenon of displaced shorelines and the search for explanations for their genesis and the controlling factors. In the year 1888 Suess introduced the term eustatic movements referring to the global synchroneity of marker events in marine successions of the Earth history. Since the times of Suess, rapid scientific progress has considerably widened our understanding of the processes involved in changing sea levels. Eustasy now describes global sea-level changes that play a major role in controlling the development, structure and distribution of marine sedimentary successions. Relative (regional and local) and global (eustatic) sea-level fluctuations are controlled by a variety of endogenic and exogenic processes. Mantle convection and resulting gravity anomalies and tectonism, and climate changes are the main drivers, and apply at different temporal and spatial scales. The long-term sea-level record, i.e. 1st to 2nd order cycles and stratigraphic sequences, occurring over millions to tens of millions of years, is mainly controlled by the internal dynamic history of the Earth, e.g., the changing rates of ocean crust production. Short-term eustatic sea-level changes during ice house phases of Earth's climate are clearly controlled by waxing and waning of continental ice sheets. However, significant short-term, i.e. 10s kyr to a few Myr (3rd to 4th order cycles), sea-level changes during greenhouse episodes of Earth history are still enigmatic. Such cycles are often explained by the presence of ephemeral ice sheets even during the hottest greenhouse phases ("hothouse periods") of the Phanerozoic climate history such as the mid-Cretaceous. We argue that the effect of groundwater storage and release on sea-level change, particularly important during ice-free greenhousephases, has been and is widely underestimated in its order of magnitude. It is considered to constitute a water volume that is about equivalent to today's ice volume, thus corresponding to a potential sea-level change of up to ca. 50 m applying isostatic adjustment. Groundwater storage, including both freshwater and saline pore waters, strongly exceeds lake and river storage capacities. We introduce the term "limno-eustatic" to describe the effect of water volumes that are bound to groundwater and lake storage on sea-level fluctuations and cycles during major greenhouse phases of Earth history. Based on these terms the dimension of purely ice-driven glacio-eustatic processes can be better differentiated. The limno-eustatic hypothesis may be testable given high-resolution stratigraphic correlations between marine and continental lake archives during supposed ice-free periods of Earth history. Lake-level and sea-level fluctuations should be in an out of phase relation, i.e. a major marine sea-level lowstand should correspond to a lake-level highstand, and vice versa. Preliminary tests using selected stratigraphic levels of the Late Cretaceous record of the long-lived lacustrine Songliao basin in China indicate such an outof- phase relation, and thus support the limno-eustatic hypothesis as a mechanism to explain significant short-term sea-level fluctuations during greenhouse climate phases. 2014 English 02517493 Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 107 Austrian Geological Society 115-131 Department of Geodynamics and Sedimentology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria 1 Cretaceous; eustacy; geodynamics; geological record; isostasy; limnology; mantle convection; paleoclimate; sedimentary structure; sequence stratigraphy; spatiotemporal analysis; stratigraphic correlation; tectonic setting, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903780882&partnerID=40&md5=bebbe1da1494e36c712c06f43b30698e cited By 68 M. Wagreich R. Lein B. Sames article Wu201482 The Songke-1 north (SK-1n) borehole recovered a continuous, 1541.66 m Late Santonian-Early Danian terrestrial succession in Songliao Basin (SB), northeastern China. It provides a unique record for improving our understanding of continental paleoclimate and ecological system in Cretaceous greenhouse world. Here we use thorium (Th) logging data as a paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic study on the SK-1n core. Power spectra, evolutionary fast Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis all reveal significant decameter- to meter-scale sedimentary cycles in the Nenjiang (K2n), Sifangtai (K2s) and Mingshui (K2m) formations. The ratios of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units are ~20:5:2:1, and are interpreted as Milankovitch cycles of 405 kyr and 100 kyr eccentricity, 38.4 kyr obliquity and 20 kyr precession cycles, respectively. An astronomical time scale (ATS) is established by tuning filtered 405 kyr eccentricity cycles to a target curve of the astronomical solution La2010d based on the magnetostratigraphic time framework of the SK-1n borehole. This ATS provides precise numerical ages for stratigraphic boundaries, biozones, geological and geophysical events, and serves as a basis for correlation of strata and events between marine and terrestrial systems. The Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg), Campanian/Maastrichtian, Santonian/Campanian boundaries are estimated at core depths of 318 m, 752.8 m and 1751.1 m, respectively. A ~3.8 myr-long hiatus between the Nenjiang (K2n) and Sifangtai (K2s) formations occurs from 76.1 to 79.9 million years ago. The ages and durations of magnetochrons C33r to C30n are precisely estimated and provide new constraints on the Late Cretaceous Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale (GPTS) and South Atlantic sea-floor spreading rates. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. 2014 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.038 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 407 Elsevier 82-95 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States Astronomical time scale (ATS); Continental environments; Cyclostratigraphy; Late cretaceous; Songliao basin, borehole; cyclostratigraphy; Danian; eccentricity; geological record; magnetostratigraphy; paleoclimate; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; proxy climate record; Santonian; seafloor spreading; stratigraphic boundary; thorium; timescale, Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (South); China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907994161&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2014.09.038&partnerID=40&md5=784b34ae200fe2134deb8c6a7a9246c1 cited By 95 H. Wu S. Zhang L.A. Hinnov G. Jiang T. Yang H. Li X. Wan C. Wang article Qu2014234 The chronostratigraphy, sequence and distribution of Huoshiling Formation (H-Form) in the Songliao Basin are discussed and summarized on the basis of biostratigraphy, isotopic dating, lithostratigraphy as well as magnetostratigraphy. The H-Form is the first rifting basin stage with the filling sequence of mainly volcanic rocks in northeastern China and adjacent areas. Laterally, it is characterized by the widespread distribution, remarkable variation in volcanic eruption time and scale between fault depressions. The H-Form yielded plant megafossils in a wide range of periods. The sporo-pollen assemblages show a blooming age of the early Cretaceous. Characteristic megaspore fossil and magnetostratigraphy indicate the age of the Jurassic. Overlying sequence of the H-Form is also concerned in order to constrain its time span. The bottom of Yingcheng Formation is 130 Ma, the duration of Shahezi Formation is about 10 Ma, so that the top age of the H-Form should be ca. 140 Ma. The minimum duration of H-Form is calculated ca. 8 Ma, and its bottom age ought to approach about 150 Ma. The isotopic age dating on the volcanic rocks of H-Form mainly ranges from 140 Ma to 150 Ma. All these evidences above suggest that the age of H-Form can be well constrained from the Tithonian to the Berriasian or to the bottom of the Valanginian. The Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary(J/K boundary) in the Songliao Basin probably exists inside the Huoshiling Formation. 2014 Chinese 10052321 10.13745/j.esf.2014.02.017 Earth Science Frontiers 21 Science Frontiers editorial department 234-250 College of Earth Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; Research Center of Paleontology and Stratigraphy, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2 Isotopes; Volcanic rocks, Chronostratigraphy; Huoshiling Formation; Jurassic-Cretaceous; Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary; Magnetostratigraphy; Shahezi formations; Songliao basin; Volcanic eruptions, Plants (botany) https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898649437&doi=10.13745%2fj.esf.2014.02.017&partnerID=40&md5=1110ae4e953d947dfb714e635c8374cd cited By 19 X. Qu P. Wang Y. Gao X. Wan article nie2014biomarker 2014 Earth Sci. Front. 21 265-274 2 ZY Nie QH Huang DP Xi XQ Wan article Lin2025 Article 2013 Jilin Geology 32 1-6 04 B. Zhao Y. Wang D. Wu Y. Hang article Chamberlain2013106 Because of the need to understand the links and feedbacks of the carbon cycle during times of global greenhouse conditions numerous studies have focused on the Cretaceous climate. Much of what we know about this warm period in Earth's history comes from the study of ocean sediments recovered from both ocean drill cores and marine sediments exposed at the Earth's surface. In contrast, there are few studies of Cretaceous terrestrial sediments. The Songliao basin located in northeast China offers a unique opportunity to understand Cretaceous paleoclimate of terrestrial settings because it contains a nearly complete record of lacustrine sediments deposited throughout the Cretaceous and there is an active drilling program to recover core from this paleolake. We present carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopic data from ostracods collected from two drill cores (SK-1 (N) and SK-1 (S)) that cover a time interval that extends from the Turonian through the Maastrichtian. These data record robust isotopic trends with numerous carbon and oxygen isotope shifts that are both rapid and long-term. We tentatively interpret this record to reflect changes in both global climate and regional basin evolution. In the Turonian and Coniacian Qingshankou Formation we observe several carbon isotope shifts that appear to be correlative to marine isotopic records based upon timing and magnitude of the isotopic changes. We suggest that the carbon isotope record in the Songliao basin reflect the decrease in carbon isotope ratios following the strong positive excursion at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, a positive isotope excursion in the late Turonian, and the negative isotope shift that occurs at the Turonian/Coniacian boundary. Upward in the section, however, the marine and Songliao isotopic records diverge as sediment sources shift from the southwest, east and north to more northerly. Strontium isotopes record the change in source region as they increase markedly between the Coniacian/Santonian Yaojia and Santonian/Campanian Nenjiang Formations. As this is the first isotopic record of the Songliao basin we are cautious about many of our interpretations of these isotopic data. Yet it is clear that with tighter age constraints and focused sampling centered on many of the isotope excursions presented here will allow for a deeper understanding of the terrestrial response to changing climate and the hydrologic response to basin evolution. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.020 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 106-124 Dept. Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China; Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1215 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706, United States; Dept. of Geological Sciences, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, Il 60208, United States; Earth Observatory of Singapore, Institute of Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore basin evolution; Campanian; carbon isotope; Cenomanian-Turonian boundary; Coniacian; hydrological response; Maastrichtian; marine isotope stage; ostracod; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; Santonian; stable isotope; strontium isotope, China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin, Coniacian; Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879883083&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.03.020&partnerID=40&md5=eef96bcd818be59f03fd260c388e7a5a cited By 90 C.P. Chamberlain X. Wan S.A. Graham A.R. Carroll A.C. Doebbert B.B. Sageman P. Blisniuk M.L. Kent-Corson Z. Wang W. Chengshan article Li201371 The south borehole (SK-1s) of the China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling project (Songke 1) penetrated the Late Cretaceous lacustrine sediments in the central depression of the Songliao Basin, Northeast China, in order to reveal the terrestrial records of the Cretaceous climate changes. High-resolution rock magnetic records were obtained on the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) of SK-1s. The results indicate that detrital magnetite is the main remanence-carrier of the K2qn Formation; while both magnetite and paramagnetic minerals, including clay minerals and pyrite, dominantly contribute to magnetic susceptibility. Although reductive diagenesis may have more or less effect on the magnetic signals of the K2qn Formation, they recorded ancient lake-level changes well, resulting both from the tectonic development of the basin and from the Milankovitch astronomical paleoclimatic changes. The first-order vertical trends of the rock magnetic records were controlled by the shallowing-upwards of the lake-level, caused by the tectonic uplift of the basin. The short-term variations of the rock magnetic records were controlled by the lake-level periodical drift, caused by the fluctuations of the rainfall of the catchment area of the basin, which were controlled by astronomical orbital forcing. In addition, the magnetic records also distinguished two most anoxic periods during the lacustrine anoxic event 1 (LAE1): the sections of 1758-1761m and 1769-1771.5m, which may suggest the two most active periods of surface productivity of the lake. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.02.007 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 71-82 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China borehole; climate variation; Cretaceous; detrital deposit; diagenesis; lacustrine deposit; lake level; magnetic field; magnetic mineral; magnetic susceptibility; magnetite; Milankovitch cycle; orbital forcing; paleoclimate; pyrite; remanent magnetization; uplift, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879886584&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.02.007&partnerID=40&md5=3020611beb06d43e892d2f9655eb18bf cited By 8 H. Li S. Zhang H. Wu K. Zhao T. Yang L. Zhao article Wang2013125 The study of sedimentary pyrite morphological characteristics provides useful information on depositional environments and early diagenic processes and can be used as an indicator of redox conditions in ancient lake bottom waters. The results of this study in the Songliao basin in northeastern China show that euhedral crystals and framboids are the dominant pyrite forms in the mudstones of the first member of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn1). The framboidal size distribution indicates that during the deposition of K2qn1, redox conditions in the bottom water fluctuated from oxic-dysoxic to euxinic-anoxic to oxic-dysoxic. The presence of euxinic-anoxic bottom water suggests that an anoxic event developed in the Songliao ancient-lake and continued for 196ka. The development of an anoxic bottom environment was the most important factor in hydrocarbon source rock formation in the Songliao Basin. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.027 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 125-136 Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of the Daqing Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Daqing 163712, China anoxic conditions; bottom water; Cretaceous; depositional environment; diagenesis; hydrocarbon resource; lake water; mudstone; pyrite; redox conditions; size distribution; source rock, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879874865&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.09.027&partnerID=40&md5=b53546f93855ed58208c9250de9fb25f cited By 54 P. Wang Y. Huang C. Wang Z. Feng Q. Huang article li2013late 2013 Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica 30 1-16 1 Sha Li YY Zhang HY Qu MY Wang XQ Wan Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica others article Huang201395 A dramatic change in atmospheric composition has been postulated because of global carbon cycle disruption during the Cretaceous (K)-Tertiary (T) transition following the Chicxulub impact and Deccan Trap eruptions. Here, pedogenic carbonates were collected from drill core of a borehole (SK-1 (N)) straddling the Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene strata in the Songliao Basin, northeast China, to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations using a paleosol paleobarometer. Our estimates for atmospheric pCO2 from paleosol carbonates range between 277±115ppmv and 837±164ppmv between 67.8Ma and 63.1Ma. One large (~66-65.5Ma) and several small CO2 spikes (~64.7-~64.2Ma) during the latest Maastrichtian to earliest Danian are reported here and incorporated with previously published pCO2 estimates also estimated from paleosol carbonates. These CO2 spikes are attributed to one-million-year-long emplacement of the large Deccan flood basalts along with the extraterrestrial impact at the K-T boundary. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.01.005 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 95-105 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States; School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, Helongjiang 163712, China atmospheric chemistry; borehole; carbon cycle; carbon dioxide; carbonate; crater; Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; Danian; flood basalt; Maastrichtian; paleoatmosphere; paleoclimate; paleosol; pedogenesis; volcanic eruption, Atlantic Ocean; Bay of Campeche; Chicxulub Crater; China; Deccan; Gulf of Mexico; India; Mexico [North America]; Songliao Basin; Yucatan https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879889356&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=bb244f1d3cdefaa6ca3ef888e7c5382b cited By 47 C. Huang G.J. Retallack C. Wang Q. Huang article Chen2013190 Utilizing the Community Climate System Model version 2 from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the reconstructed paleogeographic data, we simulate East Asian climate in the Late Cretaceous (66Ma) and investigate the impacts of atmospheric CO2 concentration on climate. The simulations show that the large-scale pressure systems and prevailing wind directions showed a remarkable seasonal variation over East Asia at 66Ma, which indicates a monsoon feature over East Asia. The East Asian winter and summer monsoons showed a synchronous variation, that is, a strong (weak) winter monsoon accompanied a strong summer (weak) monsoon. At 66Ma, there was more precipitation over the eastern coasts of Asia and less precipitation in the mid-latitudes of the inland areas, but there was no meiyu rainy belt in the subtropics of the East Asian land like the present climate. Moreover, the simulated Cretaceous climate over East Asia was warmer relative to the present day. Annual mean surface air temperature was higher over Asia at that time and close to the estimation from the geological evidence. In the Late Cretaceous, when atmospheric CO2 concentration is reduced, the East Asia climate has a significant change, with weaker winter and summer monsoons over East Asia. Annual mean surface air temperature and annual total precipitation reduce in most of land and ocean. Negative difference of surface water budget appeared mainly in the eastern part of East Asia, indicating a drier soil surface, while positive differences appeared in the mid-latitudes of central-western Asia, indicating a wetter soil surface. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.017 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 190-201 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China; Research Center f or Tibetan Plateau Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China air temperature; carbon dioxide; climate effect; climate modeling; climate variation; concentration (composition); Cretaceous; greenhouse gas; monsoon; paleogeography; precipitation (climatology); seasonal variation; water budget; wind direction, Far East https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879878390&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.07.017&partnerID=40&md5=7508108868ed2f3c1220bf84c01509c5 cited By 26 J. Chen P. Zhao C. Wang Y. Huang K. Cao article Huang2013152 Songliao Basin in NE China developed the most productive oilfield in the world sourced from terrestrial rocks. The main source rock of the basin includes member 1 of the Qingshankou (K2qn1) and members 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation (K2nj1-2). However the exact reasons for the formation of the source rock, especially the K2qn1 are still controversial. Former paleontological and organic geochemical research suggested that organic matter was deposited during marine incursion events of K2qn1 but further geochemical evidence is needed. This paper explores the distinct sulfate levels that distinguish marine from fresh waters of the Songliao paleo-lake. We undertook a systematic investigation the sulfur geochemistry of the sediments from top of member 4 of the Quantou Formation (K1q4) to top of member 1 of the Qingshankou (K2qn1). The ratio of organic carbon to the pyrite sulfur (TOC/PYS) proved the previously suggested saline conditions during the deposition of K2qn1; and the pyrite sulfur isotope indicated that marine incursion may not only have occurred for K2qn1, but also for top of K1q4. The exact time for the beginning of marine incursion is to be determined. The marine incursion within K2qn1 is not strong and partially controlled by the fluctuation of paleo-lake level. The present study will be helpful for understanding the contribution of marine incursion events to the burial of organic carbon in the Songliao paleo-lake, although further studies are still needed. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.03.017 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 152-161 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Oil Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Oil and Gas Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100029, China Cretaceous; geochemistry; lake level; oil field; organic carbon; paleolimnology; paleontology; source rock; sulfate; sulfur isotope, China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879881980&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.03.017&partnerID=40&md5=3a2f5470550289e4aeefd23ecd91b6d9 cited By 59 Y. Huang G. Yang J. Gu P. Wang Q. Huang Z. Feng L. Feng article meng2013magnetopolarity 2013 Journal of Stratigraphy 37 139-143 2 QA Meng QH Huang XQ Wan CL Deng HY He article 2013 10.19839/j.cnki.dcxzz.2013.04.036 Journal of Stratigraphy 37 574-576 4 Y. Zhang article Wan201331 The Songliao Basin is the largest Cretaceous oil and gas-producing lacustrine basin in China, with its greatest aerial extent in the middle Cretaceous. A coring program (SK1) has to date yielded 2485.89m of continuous core (96.46% recovery) and provides significant material for Cretaceous research. The sequence of the core consists mainly of lacustrine sandstone, dark grey mudstone, shale and oil-shale. The Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic section has been subdivided into the Quantou, Qingshankou, Yaojia, Nenjiang, Sifangtai and Mingshui formations in ascending order. Late Cretaceous microfossils are diverse and abundant. A detailed biostratigraphic study has subdivided the sequence into high precision biozones: 21 ostracode assemblages, 10 phytoplankton assemblages, 7 palynological zones and 4 charophyta assemblages, respectively. In addition, marine foraminifera were first discovered from the basin. Three 206Pb/238U ages and one 40Ar/39Ar age were analysed. Ten local magnetozones have been recognised in the SK1 (North), and two magnetozones have been indicated in the SK1 (South). Based on biostratigraphy, high-resolution magnetostratigraphy and SIMS U-Pb zircon analyses, the SK1 stratigraphy is correlated with Upper Cretaceous stages in the International Geologic Time Scale. The upper part of the Quantou Formation is the lower Turonian; the Qingshankou Formation is the upper Turonian-lower Coniacian; the Yaojia Formation is from the upper Coniacian to middle Santonian; the Nenjiang Formation is the upper Santonian to middle Campanian; the Sifangtai Formation is limited to the upper Campanian; and the Mingshui Formation is the uppermost Campanian to Maastrichtian. It is likely that the upper part of the Mingshui Formation belongs to the Paleocene, and the K/Pg boundary is within the Member 2 of the Mingshui Formation around the depth of 328m by new micropalaeontologic and magnetostratigraphic data. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.024 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 31-43 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Lu 29, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China biostratigraphy; biozonation; Campanian; charophyte; chronostratigraphy; Coniacian; core analysis; Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; foraminifera; gas production; hydrocarbon reserve; hydrocarbon reservoir; lacustrine deposit; Maastrichtian; magnetostratigraphy; marine environment; microfossil; micropaleontology; mudstone; oil production; oil shale; ostracod; palynology; phytoplankton; sandstone; Santonian; stratigraphic correlation; timescale; Turonian; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin, Charales; Coniacian; Foraminifera; Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879874669&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.10.024&partnerID=40&md5=0fd7273e77763a9b77cc1323caba25c7 cited By 143 X. Wan J. Zhao R.W. Scott P. Wang Z. Feng Q. Huang D. Xi article Zhao201383 In order to define the provenance change across the nonconformable boundary between the second and the third members of the Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation (Campanian) in the north-central area of the Songliao Basin, two sandstone samples above (sample a-1 from the fourth member of the Nenjiang) and below (sample z-1 from the first member of the Yaojia Formation) the nonconformity were collected from core holes. U-Pb dating was performed on detrital zircons separated from the three sandstone samples. Detrital zircons from sample a-1 have dominant age populations of 100-110. Ma, 190-220. Ma, and ~. 1800. Ma, and sample z-1 has dominant ages of 130-150. Ma and ~. 350. Ma. This paper demonstrates that the provenance of the fourth member of the Nenjiang Formation is significantly different from the first member of the Coniacian Yaojia Formation. The provenance above the nonconformity became much more complex and the eastern source increased significantly, while the western source sharply declined. The main source areas of the fourth member of the Nenjiang Formation are mainly the Zhangguangcai Range, the eastern Lesser Xiang'an Range and the southeast of Songliao Basin. The dominant provenance of the first member of the Yaojia Formation is the northern, the central and the southern Great Xing'an Range. According to the depositional ages and combining the latest seismic stratigraphic profiles in the Songliao Basin, the tectonic inversion of the eastern Songliao Basin began between 73. Ma and 87. Ma, which differs from the previous age of 73. Ma. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.017 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 83-94 School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Sinopec International Petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation, Beijing 100029, China; Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd, Daqing 163712, China Campanian; detrital deposit; provenance; seismic stratigraphy; tectonic evolution; unconformity; uranium-lead dating; zircon, China; Da Hinggan Mountains; Heilongjiang; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin; Xiao Hinggan Mountains, Coniacian https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879869790&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.03.017&partnerID=40&md5=006dacac58be93dea6c7ee2c7dfdffd3 cited By 43 B. Zhao C. Wang X. Wang Z. Feng article Wang20131 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.05.006 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 1-5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879867752&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=9a8cd9799d60f80dbc73d10682f166ce cited By 29 C. Wang article Wang201317 As a paradigm of greenhouse climate in Earth's history, the Cretaceous provides significant rock records of global climate changes under conditions of greenhouse climate. The Songliao Basin, among the longest duration (85-90m.y.) of continental sedimentary basins, provides an excellent opportunity to recover a nearly complete Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary record. Extensive lake deposits, ten-kilometers deep and covering an area of 260,000km2 of the Songliao Basin, provide unique, detailed records that can be tied to the global stratigraphic time scale, thereby improving our understanding of the continental paleoclimate and ecological system. The two coreholes at SKIs and SKIn sites were drilled into this basin and completed with a total length of 2485.89m of recovered core that spanned the complete middle-to-Upper Cretaceous strata in the basin. The unique geological setting of long-term continuous subsidence within the largest Cretaceous landmass in the world - makes the Cretaceous Songliao Basin of northeastern China an ideal place to study Cretaceous climate change on the continent. This paper reviews the literature on the paleogeography and paleoclimate of the northern East Asia and the Songliao Basin during the Cretaceous. Based on the climatologically sensitive deposits, oxygen isotope studies, and paleontology, the climate during the Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin was temperate and humid with relatively abundant rainfall. During the period, significant changes - four cooling, three warming, and three semiarid events - are generally consistent with the oxygen isotope data from East Asia, and the four cooling events, in Berriasian-Valanginian, Aptian-Albian, early Santonian, and Campanian-Maastrichtian, may be related to potential glaciations in Cretaceous. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.030 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 17-30 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd, Daqing 163712, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology, Qingdao institute of marine geology, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China Albian; Aptian; Berriasian; borehole; cooling; geological record; glaciation; lacustrine deposit; literature review; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; paleogeography; paleontology; sedimentary basin; subsidence; timescale; Valanginian, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879859072&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.01.030&partnerID=40&md5=e276b842d3ba869ed509a065c82d70bc cited By 202 C. Wang Z. Feng L. Zhang Y. Huang K. Cao P. Wang B. Zhao article mei2013contrast 2013 Geoscience 27 925 4 XU Mei-gui ZHANG Shao-nan FU Mei-yan FAN Xiao-cong article Feng20136 The Continental Scientific Drilling Project at the Cretaceous-age Songliao Basin is a drilling initiative under the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program, to recover a nearly complete Cretaceous terrestrial sedimentary record in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The recovered cores will provide unique opportunities for the geosciences community to advance the understanding of climate change in the Cretaceous greenhouse world, and provide a documentation of geological events relevant to the carbon cycle during this time period.This drilling project will address significant geological questions, such as the identification of important stratigraphic boundaries and the marine-terrestrial correlations of stratigraphy, the reasons for the biotic response to the terrestrial environmental changes, the terrestrial response to the Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events, the formation of terrestrial petroleum source rocks, and the mechanisms for the Cretaceous magnetic Normal Superchron (CNS).In the first stage of this drilling project, the SKI drilling, rock cores of 2485.89. m in total length were recovered and the recovery ratio reached 96.46%. A series of drilling and coring technologies including regular, confined, directional, and sealed coring, were utilized to ensure a higher recovery ratio for the core, and will be described at the end of this paper. Well loggings were conducted right after coring. Core handling and storage were arranged in such a way that the scientific research was conducted on half of each core, whereas the other half of each core was preserved for long-term storage. The upcoming second stage, the SKII drilling, will combine with data from the existing SKI to provide complete high-resolution climate records of the terrestrial environment for the whole Cretaceous time period. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.03.016 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 6-16 Institute of Exploration and Development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd, Daqing 163712, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Geology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States carbon cycle; climate variation; Cretaceous; drilling; geological record; proxy climate record; sedimentary basin; sedimentary sequence; source rock; stratigraphic boundary; stratigraphic correlation; timescale, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879852230&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.03.016&partnerID=40&md5=c6ad4f7e4111268201e1e805dd95a38f cited By 46 Z. Feng C. Wang S. Graham C. Koeberl H. Dong Y. Huang Y. Gao article Gao2013162 Clay mineralogy of a 60. m thick section of the middle Mingshui Formation (upper Campanian to lower Maastrichtian) from the SKIn borehole (Songliao Basin in NE China) has been studied to assess the palaeoclimate and provenance. The sedimentary succession is composed of shore to shallow lacustrine mudstones and siltstones in the lower part, and meandering fluvial sandstone-mudstone sequences in the upper part. The clay mineral assemblage is characterized by the predominance of smectitic minerals, with some exceptions of illite-rich layers, and trace amounts of kaolinite and chlorite. The high smectite content (>. 90% on average) in lacustrine sediments could source from erosion of smetitic soils and volcanic materials in source areas. The Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Range was the potential provenance area for the sediments, with volcanic activity occurring at ~. 70. Ma, when the temperate semi-humid palaeoclimate was favorable for the clay formation. Smectite presented in meandering fluvial sandstones is of early diagenetic origin, formed by hydrolysis and alteration of primary minerals after deposition. Illite in overbank deposits is interpreted as a result of erosion of granitic rocks and sorting in sedimentation processes. The clay mineralogy of the studied strata contains information on palaeoclimate and provenance, although early diagenetic processes may have influenced the mineralogical composition in some intervals of sandstones. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.10.038 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 162-170 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China Campanian; diagenesis; hydrolysis; illite; kaolinite; lacustrine deposit; Maastrichtian; mudstone; paleoclimate; provenance; siltstone; smectite, China; Heilongjiang; Xiao Hinggan Mountains https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879853702&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.10.038&partnerID=40&md5=692432e6396d1248e5b4e259041d721c cited By 27 Y. Gao C. Wang Z. Liu B. Zhao X. Zhang article Deng201344 The Cretaceous was a period of great environmental, biological and geodynamical change, but a paucity of an accurate time frame for continental strata has prevented our understanding of the terrestrial processes and the integration of marine and terrestrial records. Here we present an integrated chronology for the terrestrial Upper Cretaceous in East Asia based on new high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results and previously published SIMS U-Pb zircon analyses of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling borehole sequence from the Songliao Basin in northeast China (hereafter termed CCSD-SK-I), which consists of a sedimentary sequence from the upper Quantou Formation (K2q) to the Mingshui Formation (K2m). Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity timescale was achieved by combining magnetostratigraphic and SIMS U-Pb zircon geochronologic data, and lithostratigraphy. Our correlation suggests that the CCSD-SK-I sedimentary sequence spans from the upper chron C34n to chron C29r. The age of the sedimentary sequence from the upper Quantou Formation (K2q) to the Mingshui Formation (K2m) in the Songliao Basin can thus be constrained to an interval from the Turonian to the Maastrichtian ages. In addition, our correlation puts the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in the upper part of Member 2 of the Mingshui Formation (K2m2). The constructed comprehensive chronology allows the precise correlation of the terrestrial Upper Cretaceous of the Songliao Basin to marine strata as well as other continental sequences. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.07.028 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 44-54 State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China borehole; Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; drilling; geochronology; geodynamics; geological record; geomagnetic field; lithostratigraphy; Maastrichtian; magnetostratigraphy; sedimentary sequence; stratigraphic correlation; Turonian; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879869248&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.07.028&partnerID=40&md5=bc396d6ae27ccd82149713d8b458ffad cited By 116 C.L. Deng H.Y. He Y.X. Pan R.X. Zhu article Wu201355 The first complete Early Turonian-Early Campanian lacustrine succession has been recovered from the SK-I south (SK-Is) borehole in the Songliao Basin (SLB), northeastern China. We conducted a detailed cyclostratigraphic study of natural gamma-ray (GR) log, thorium (Th) log, and magnetic susceptibility (MS) data from this core. Spectral analysis of the upper Quantou Formation (K2q3+4), Qingshankou Formation (K2qn), Yaojia Formation (K2y), and lower Nenjiang Formation (K2n1+2) reveals a hierarchy of meter- to decameter-scale cycling in the data. The wavelength ratios of the cycles in these stratigraphic units are ~20:5:2:1, corresponding with those of Milankovitch cycle periods of 405kyr (long eccentricity):100kyr (short eccentricity):37kyr (obliquity):20kyr (precession), indicating astronomical control on sedimentation. An astronomical time scale (ATS) was established by tuning interpreted 405kyr cycles to a 405kyr orbital eccentricity target curve, and to four SIMS U-Pb zircon radioisotope ages. This 'absolute' ATS provides precise numerical ages for stratigraphic boundaries, biozones, geological and geophysical events, and serves as a basis for correlation of strata and events between marine and terrestrial systems. The ages of the C33r/C34n geomagnetic polarity boundary in K2n2 and three short reversal events in K2y are estimated as 83.633Ma, 84.819-84.862Ma, 84.982-85.092Ma and 85.240-85.629Ma, respectively. Long-period amplitude modulations in the obliquity and eccentricity bands of the 405-kyr-tuned GR-Th series provide strong evidence that long-period orbital forcing influenced climate change and depositional processes in the SLB. The extracted amplitude modulations provide evidence that the orbits of Earth and Mars were not in secular resonance, and were undergoing chaotic interactions during this time, although the modulations do not match those of recent astronomical models. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.09.004 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 55-70 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, United States; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States amplitude; astronomy; astrophysics; borehole; Campanian; cyclostratigraphy; eccentricity; geomagnetic field; lacustrine environment; magnetic susceptibility; Milankovitch cycle; orbital forcing; paleoenvironment; secular variation; solar system; spectral analysis; stratigraphic correlation; timescale; Turonian; uranium-lead dating, China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879876484&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.09.004&partnerID=40&md5=b6062b1bb998a69c777c13ab8b421017 cited By 122 H. Wu S. Zhang G. Jiang L. Hinnov T. Yang H. Li X. Wan C. Wang article Song2013137 The abundance and composition of total organic carbon, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons including biomarkers, and the δ13C composition of total organic matter and individual compounds in core samples of the Nenjiang Formation from the SK-1 borehole of the Songliao Basin provide information on the paleoenvironmental conditions of lacustrine sediments formed during the Upper Cretaceous. The distribution of n-alkanes, and their δ13C composition, and 4-methylsteranes and dinosteranes in the first member of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n1) indicate that the organic matter largely originated from algal organisms and is dominated by types I and II kerogen. The occurrence of gammacerane, aryl isoprenoids isorenieratane and low pristane/phytane and diasterane/sterane ratios further suggest a salinity stratified water column associated with anoxic bottom waters, as well as possible photic zone oxygen depletion conditions during major source rock deposition of the K2n1. The organic geochemical data also indicate significantly different depositional environments for the second member of the Nenjiang Formation (K2n2) sediments, which are interpreted to have been deposited under a uniform salinity (non-stratified) oxic water column. Consequently, although the organic matter in the K2n2 sediments was largely derived from algal and bacterial sources, the kerogen types are dominantly IIb and III due to the oxidative degradation of organic matter, combined with a gradual increase in land-plant input. Furthermore, the occurrence and shift of two saw-toothed distribution patterns of the δ13C composition of C29 to C33 n-alkanes, with "W" and "M" patterns being isotopically heavy odd- and even-numbered alkanes, respectively, is suggestive of organic input shift or an unknown mechanism of carbon uptake or isotopic fractionation. In particular, the heavy even carbon numbered high molecular weight n-alkanes is rare and needs further investigation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.12.007 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 385 137-151 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Company, Daqing 163712, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China biomarker; carbon isotope; core analysis; Cretaceous; depositional environment; isotopic fractionation; kerogen; lacustrine deposit; lacustrine environment; organic matter; paleoenvironment; source rock; water column, China; Nen Basin; Songliao Basin, algae; Bacteria (microorganisms); Embryophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879890666&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2012.12.007&partnerID=40&md5=7c3f3515690c3fd879f740fe148641e1 cited By 55 Z. Song Y. Qin S.C. George L. Wang J. Guo Z. Feng article Wang2013275 Cretaceous climate data of the long-lived Cretaceous Songliao Basin (SB) in eastern Asia is correlated and compared with the Western Interior Seaway (WIS) on the northern American plate, in order to understand better the dynamics of the Earth's past 'greenhouse' climates. Nearly continuous Late Cretaceous terrestrial deposition in the Songliao Basin is represented by two cores totaling 2431m in length. The Turonian-Maastrichtian age of the section is based on integrated stratigraphy, and is comparable in age with Upper Cretaceous strata in the WIS. Being consistent with global trends, the dynamic Late Cretaceous climates of both the SB and WIS gradually cooled from the warmest Albian-Cenomanian time to the end of the Maastrichtian with several intervening warm periods as did the global climate. However regional differences existed, the Songliao Basin climate was humid to semi-humid, warm temperate-subtropical and the Western Interior Seaway was in the humid, warm temperate zone and experienced only moderate climatic changes. The shifts of oxygen isotope data in the Songliao Basin were frequent and abrupt, whereas WIS records more gradual change affected mainly by fresh-water runoff mixing with southern Tethyan and northern Arctic waters. Sedimentary cycles of eccentricity, obliquity and precession bands are recorded in both the SB and WIS basins. The sedimentary cycles in the WIS and SB are interpreted to be related to variations of the wet/dry runoff cycles, which indicate that orbital forcing played an important role in global climate change in Late Cretaceous. The most favorable condition for organic carbon burial in both the SB and WIS basin was bottom water anoxia regardless of the cause of the anoxia. But the organic carbon burial rate was usually much higher in the Songliao Lake than in the WI epeiric sea suggesting that giant lakes may serve as important sinks of atmospheric CO2. In both basins organic-rich deposits formed during a rise in water level and incursion of saline waters. The integration of paleoclimate data from Cretaceous marine deposits and terrestrial sedimentary record will promote our understanding of the Cretaceous 'greenhouse' climate change and may provide insights for a future greenhouse world. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00128252 10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.08.016 Earth-Science Reviews 126 275-299 State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States; Department of Geological and Envrironmental Sciences, Stanford University, 397 Panama Mall, CA 94305, United States; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; U.S. Geological Survey, P.O. Box 25046, MS 980, Denver, CO 80225-0046, United States; School of the Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Precision Stratigraphy Associates, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States Albian; carbon sink; Cenomanian; climate variation; Cretaceous; deposition; eccentricity; global climate; greenhouse effect; lacustrine deposit; Maastrichtian; organic carbon; oxygen isotope; paleoclimate; runoff; sediment core; stratabound deposit; stratigraphy; Turonian; water level, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885099265&doi=10.1016%2fj.earscirev.2013.08.016&partnerID=40&md5=31dac0e7e82eb14e5c818b2094c2f463 cited By 100 C. Wang R.W. Scott X. Wan S.A. Graham Y. Huang P. Wang H. Wu W.E. Dean L. Zhang article Gao2012669 The well SK-I in the Songliao Basin is the first scientific borehole targeting the continental Cretaceous strata in China. Oval concretions, thin laminae and beds of dolostone are found intercalated within mudstone and organic-rich black shale in the Nenjiang Formation of Campanian age. Low ordered ferruginous dolomite is composed of euhedral-subhedral rhombs with cloudy nucleus and light rims formed during the diagenesis, which are typical features of replacement. The heavy carbon isotopes (δ13CPDB - 1.16-16.0) are results of both the fermentation of organic matter by microbes and degassing of carbon dioxide during the period of diagenesis, and the presence of light oxygen isotopes (δ18OPDB - 18.53∼-5.1) is a characteristic feature of fresh water influence which means the carbonate may have been altered by ground water or rainwater in the late diagenesis. Marine water incursions into the normally lacustrine basin have been proved by both the salinity of Z value and the occurrence of foraminifera in the same strata where dolomite occurs. Pyrite framboids observed by SEM are usually enclosed in the dolomite crystals or in the mudstones, supporting the sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The formation of both dolomite and pyrite are associated with marine water incursions, which not only supply magnesium ion for dolomite, but also result in limited carbonate precipitation in the basin. The presence of pyrite framboids indicates the development of an anoxic environment associated with salinity stratification in the lake. The dolomite in the Nenjiang Formation is the results of marine water incursions, diagenetic replacement of calcareous carbonate and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2012 English 16749871 10.1016/j.gsf.2011.12.014 Geoscience Frontiers 3 Elsevier B.V. 669-680 Science Research Institute, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China 5 bacterium; black shale; borehole; Campanian; carbon isotope; carbonate; diagenesis; dolostone; lithostratigraphy; mudstone; oxygen isotope; petrology; precipitation (chemistry); pyrite, China; Songliao Basin, Foraminifera https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865346133&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2011.12.014&partnerID=40&md5=1f303ef72fbb4872b5d7c2b0fd0637a0 cited By 8 X. Gao P. Wang D. Li Q. Peng C. Wang H. Ma article He2012 We present an integrated chronology for the terrestrial Upper Cretaceous in East Asia based on high-resolution magnetostratigraphic results and detailed SIMS U-Pb zircon analyses of a continuous continental sedimentary sequence drilled from the Songliao Basin in northeast China. Correlation to the geomagnetic polarity timescale was achieved by combining magnetostratigraphic and SIMS U-Pb zircon geochronologic data, which suggest that the south core of the CCSD-SK-I sedimentary sequence spans from upper chron C34n to lower chron C33r. The age of the termination of the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS) was estimated to be ∼83.4 Ma. Intervals of reverse geomagnetic field polarity of early Santonian age could be present during the late CNS. Two black shale layers at the base of Member 1 of the Qingshankou Formation and Member 2 of the Nenjiang Formation, which were previously interpreted as the products of lake anoxic events LAE1 and LAE2, have been well dated at 91.4 Ma and 83.7 Ma, respectively, by SIMS U-Pb zircon analyses of intercalated bentonite layers. However, the LAE1 and LAE2 identified here are not temporally correlated to the known oceanic anoxic events. Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union. 2012 English 15252027 10.1029/2011GC003901 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 13 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China 2 Anoxic sediments; Geomagnetism; Lead; Sedimentology, Age determination; Anoxic events; Black shales; Cretaceous Normal Superchron; East Asia; Geomagnetic fields; Geomagnetic polarity; High resolution; Magnetostratigraphy; Northeast China; Oceanic Anoxic Event; Sedimentary sequence; Songliao basin; Time-scales; U-Pb zircon; Upper Cretaceous, Geochronology, anoxic conditions; bentonite; black shale; Cretaceous; geochronology; geomagnetic field; magnetostratigraphy; sedimentary sequence; uranium-lead dating, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863012113&doi=10.1029%2f2011GC003901&partnerID=40&md5=c88fef5addfae346b0726340a4e17104 cited By 87 H. He C. Deng P. Wang Y. Pan R. Zhu article 2012 Quaternary Sciences 32 635-640 4 H. Li S. Zhang K. Zhao H. Wu T. Yang article Lin2025 Article 2012 Lithologic Reservoirs 24 38-42 06 J. Guo X. Wu J. Pan D. Wei J. Fu article Xi2012113 High-resolution biostratigraphy has been established on the basis of fossil ostracodes from cores of the Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling borehole-Songke 1 (south) (SK1(s)) in the Songliao Basin, northeast China. More than 80 species belonging to 13 genera have been identified and 15 ostracode assemblage zones have been recognized. On the basis of ostracode paleoecological analysis, paleoenvironments, for example lake levels and salinity, have been reconstructed. Two inferred deep-water phases occurred during the deposition of the lower Qingshankou and lower Nenjiang formations, whereas shallower water phases probably occurred during deposition of the upper Quantou and uppermost Qingshankou to Yaojia formations. The salinity of paleo-Songliao lake is interpreted as predominantly freshwater to oligohaline. Oligohaline to mesohaline water environments may have occurred during the first and middle third members of the Qingshankou formation and the lower first and lower second members of the Nenjiang formation. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 English 00188158 10.1007/s10750-011-0765-6 Hydrobiologia 688 113-123 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China; Daqing Oilfield, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China; Impassse des Biroulayres, 33610 Cestas, France; Centro de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C6, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal 1 biostratigraphy; Cretaceous; deep water; fossil record; ostracod; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; reconstruction; salinity, China; Songliao Basin, Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859869401&doi=10.1007%2fs10750-011-0765-6&partnerID=40&md5=d3f03c9d5d45b85e2c36e486f37dd5cb cited By 32 D. Xi S. Li X. Wan X. Jing Q. Huang J.-P. Colin Z. Wang W. Si article Scott2012357 Non-marine ostracodes, charophytes and palynomorphs are abundant in most Cretaceous lacustrine basins of East Asia. However, their ranges are not directly integrated with marine biota that defines the Cretaceous stages. Non-biotic events such as magnetochrons and radiometric ages in these terrestrial deposits enable their correlation with marine strata. The SK1 north and south composited cores in the Songliao Basin present a continuous section of Upper Cretaceous non-marine fossil and magnetochron successions in superposed order. These chronostratigraphic events are integrated with marine events by an X/Y graphic plot between the core data and a global database of Global Section and Stratotype Points (GSSP) and key reference sections. This plot projects stage boundaries in marine sections into the SK1 section and interpolates numerical ages to the first and last occurrences of biota and to lithostratigraphic boundaries. This stratigraphic experiment tests and refines age calibrations based on both manual interpolation of depths to numerical ages and cyclostratigraphy. Ages derived by interpolation are similar and ages by cyclostratigraphy are older because stage boundaries are calibrated to a different age scale. © 2011, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2012 English 16749871 10.1016/j.gsf.2012.02.004 Geoscience Frontiers 3 Elsevier B.V. 357-367 Department of Geosciences, University of Tulsa, Precision Stratigraphy Associates, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing 163712, China 4 age determination; charophyte; chronostratigraphy; cyclostratigraphy; lithostratigraphy; Maastrichtian; ostracod; palynomorph; Turonian, China; Songliao Basin, Characeae; Ostracoda https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862802789&doi=10.1016%2fj.gsf.2012.02.004&partnerID=40&md5=38ea058b62ddfc4b4a04cce490a5c7b7 cited By 42 R.W. Scott X. Wan C. Wang Q. Huang article gang2012geological 2012 Geoscience 26 741 4 Han Gang ZHANG Wen-Jing HUANG Qing-Hua MENG Yuan-Lin article meiyan2012characteristics 2012 石油实验地质 34 石油实验地质 585-593 6 Fu Meiyan Zhang Shaonan Ding Xiaoqi Liao Qiming Xiong Di Zhu Zhiliang article gang2012boundary 2012 Journal of Stratigraphy 36 569-578 3 Han Gang Zhang Wenjing Huang Qinghua others article Cai20121196 CCSD-SK1 well was the first Cretaceous scientific drilling well in the world, locating in Songliao basin, Northeast China. It included main well (also called north well) and south well. This paper introduced the anti-collapse drilling fluid technology in main well where the desired continuous coring section was from 164.77 m to 1792.00 m. Continuous technical barriers challenged the intelligence of drilling engineers of this project. First, preserving the wellbore stability was the most critical aspect of continuous core drilling. From top to bottom, the unconsolidated sandstone in the Quaternary super stratum, the water sensitive shale in the Sifangtai group and upper stratum of the Nenjiang group, and the brittle shale of under stratum of the Nenjiang group increased the difficulty of anti-collapse drilling fluid technology. Water invasion into the shale formation often weakens the wellbore and causes problems such as wellbore collapse, shale destabilization and stuck pipe. Fluids should be designed to mitigate these shale problems. Secondly, the openhole strategy imposed the difficulty of maintaining wellbore stability in the second open process (from 245.00 m to the bottom). Finally, the total expense of the well was only one fifth ofsouth well, which was drilled by an oilfield drilling contractor. To overcome these technical challenges, not only different drilling fluid systems such as PAM drilling fluid, DFD-LG-CMC drilling fluid and DFD-NH4HPAN-SAKH drilling fluid were adopted separately, but also technology of feasible viscosity and managed pressure drilling were used. A total of 395 trips had been run in this Cretaceous scientific drilling well and no accidents even dangerous cases occurred. The experience of CCSD-SK1 (main well) explored a successful way of employing economic drilling fluid to preceding similar scientific drilling projects in similar shale formations. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. 2012 English 9783037854228 16609336 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.170-173.1196 Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 1196-1201 China University of Geoscience, Wuhan, 430074, China Drilling contractors; Managed Pressure Drilling; Northeast China; Open process; Openhole; Scientific drilling; Shale formation; Songliao basin; Stuck pipe; Technical barriers; Technical challenges; Water invasion; Water sensitive; Wellbore; Wellbore stability, Building materials; Civil engineering; Core drilling; Oil field equipment; Oil fields; Shale, Drilling fluids https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861834002&doi=10.4028%2fwww.scientific.net%2fAMM.170-173.1196&partnerID=40&md5=cf8d53a3716ab86fb5356fbdf488b4d9 cited By 0 J. Cai X. Wu S. Gu article Lu2011125 A pair of series straight long-chain 2- and 1-alkyl naphthalenes (aNs) with alkyl chain carbon number up to 30 was detected in late Cretaceous sedimentary source rocks of the onshore Songliao Basin, NE China. Their sedimentary profile was shown to correlate positively with the relative abundances of several higher plant biomarkers including iP-iHMN and phenanthrene and weakly inversely with the relative abundance of alkylbenzenes. In contrast, the aNs distribution shows no relationship with hydrocarbon maturity indicators. The TOC, δ13C profile and other molecular features (e.g., CPI, OEP, Pr/Ph, Ga/C31H) were consistent with transgressive/regressive water cycles of the palaeo-lake of Songliao Basin. Decreasing Pr/Ph values in the upper horizon indicative of increasingly anoxic conditions. The distinctive occurrence and distribution of the long-chain aN compounds on the profile of the SK-1 borehole may imply some unique source inputs under particular lacustrine environmental conditions. Copyright © 2011 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. 2011 English 00167002 10.2343/geochemj.1.0108 Geochemical Journal 45 The Physiological Society of Japan 125-135 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; WA Biogeochemistry and John De Laeter Mass Spectrometry Centres, University of Western Australia, Crawley-6009, WA, Australia 2 anoxic conditions; biomarker; Cretaceous; hydrocarbon resource; naphthalene; sedimentary rock; source rock; thermal maturity; total organic carbon, China; Songliao Basin, Embryophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877745971&doi=10.2343%2fgeochemj.1.0108&partnerID=40&md5=da7a003db7ded905ad56f696a5dc9b50 cited By 3 H. Lu L. Wang Z. Song P. Greenwood Q. Yin article wu2011well 2011 Journal of Palaeogeography 13 103-110 XS Wu JJ Guo YJ Huang JW Fu article 2011 10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2011.03.006 Acta Palaeontolgica Sinica 50 330-343 3 S. Li D. Xi X. Jing Q. Huang Z. Wang X. Wan article Lin2025 Article 2011 10.3799/dqkx.2011.045 Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences 36 409-428 03 H. Wu S. Zhang Q. Feng N. Fang T. Yang H. Li article 2011 Science Technology and Engineering 11 461-466 3 G. Han W. Zhang Q. Huang article huo2011advance 2011 Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition) 41 Jilin University, 6 Ximinhu Street Changchun China 586-591 2 Q-L Huo H-S Zeng Li Fu Z-G Ren article Li20111 Two boreholes drilled approximately 75 km apart in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China, have together provided a composite core that represents an almost continuous section through Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene deposits. Eight biozones have been established for this succession of seven formations based on occurrences and associations of biostratigraphically significant palynomorph genera. Seven of these suggest that there was more or less continuous deposition from the late Turonian to the early Paleocene, with the eighth encompassing a Miocene formation that overlies the succession unconformably. This zonation provides a new chronostratigraphic framework for the Late Cretaceous deposits of the Songliao Basin. The ages of most of the formations involved differ from those determined previously. One of the sedimentary units, the Mingshui Formation, includes the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary, which seems to be indicated by an apparent " mass extinction" of palynomorph taxa, a comparatively rare occurrence outside North America. The upper Quantou Formation, the lowest unit in the succession, is dated as late Turonian-Coniacian, which is much younger than previously thought. The same applies to the overlying Qingshankou and Yaojia formations, and also to the other three (Nenjiang, Sifangtai and Mingshui) but to a lesser extent, in the conformable succession. The Early/Late Cretaceous boundary must now be located probably below the Quantou Formation, either between it and the underlying Denglouku Formation or within the latter. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. 2011 English 01956671 10.1016/j.cretres.2010.09.001 Cretaceous Research 32 1-12 State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, 39 East Beijing Road, 210008, Nanjing, China; School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, Wales, United Kingdom 1 biostratigraphy; biozonation; chronostratigraphy; Cretaceous; Paleocene; palynology; palynomorph; taxonomy; Tertiary, China; Songliao Basin, Coniacian https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649821758&doi=10.1016%2fj.cretres.2010.09.001&partnerID=40&md5=865885e89cf5f5defb06a5697599badf cited By 43 J. Li D.J. Batten Y. Zhang article Wang20111411 A group of methyltrimethyltridecyl chromans (MTTCs) was found in core samples of Member 1 (K2n1) and Member 2 (K2n2) of the Nenjiang Formation (Upper Cretaceous) from the SK-l southern borehole (Songliao Basin, China). They are assigned for the first time in sediments older than the Tertiary in China. Their composition and distribution are indicative mainly of the redox and salinity conditions in the depositional environment. The δ-MTTC isomer is in relatively higher abundance in samples from enhanced salinity and reducing conditions, but was not detected in samples from aerobic and low salinity environments, while α-MTTC appears to be present in samples from environments with a broad range of salinity and redox conditions. The α-MTTC/γ-MTTC (α/γ) ratio has a similar indication as that of the α/δ ratio and could be used as a corroborative ratio of paleosalinity. A combination of biomarker parameters suggests that the massive lacustrine petroleum-prone source rocks associated with the K2n1 interval were likely developed under a stratified water column with enhanced salinity and an anoxic bottom water layer, associated with a much less saline (fresh to brackish) upper water layer. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 2011 English 01466380 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2011.08.012 Organic Geochemistry 42 1411-1419 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 11 Bottom water; Depositional environment; Low salinity; Occurrence and distribution; Redox condition; Reducing conditions; Songliao basin; Source rocks; Stratified waters; Upper Cretaceous; Water layers, Anoxic sediments; Saline water, Salinity measurement, biomarker; borehole; Cretaceous; depositional environment; lacustrine deposit; paleosalinity; redox conditions; relative abundance; sampling; source rock; Tertiary; water column, China; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80855139639&doi=10.1016%2fj.orggeochem.2011.08.012&partnerID=40&md5=86a94d9612ba1607d3987d73f5d9aa4c cited By 53 L. Wang Z. Song Q. Yin S.C. George article qinghong2011optimum 2011 Coal Geology & Exploration 39 71-73 1 MENG Qinghong Zhang Hengchun HU Yule others article Lin2025 Article 2011 Acta Geologica Sinica 85 1806-1822 11 H. Ran J. Zhang W. Xie Y. Zhang Z. Song J. Xiang F. Liu Q. Feng T. Yan M. Jia S. Tao J. Hu article huang2011new 2011 Journal of Stratigraphy 35 250-257 3 QH Huang HC Wu XQ Wan HY He CL Deng article 2011 Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development 30 31-34 4 Y. Dang article Xi2011253 The Songliao Basin is the largest oil-bearing basin in China. In the absence of sufficient evidence, the possibility of seawater incursion(s) into the Songliao Basin remains controversial. Recently, we discovered relatively abundant foraminifera fossils from units 1 and 2 of the Nenjiang Formation of borehole SK-1. Benthic foraminifera (Gavlinella sp., Anomalinoides sp., Pullenia sp., Haplophragmoides sp., Karrorulina hokkaidoana, Clavulinoides sp.), as well as planktonic foraminifera (Archaeoglobigerina blowi, Archaeoglobigerina cretacea and Hedbergella flandrini), were identified. These fossils were widely distributed in the marine Cretaceous. According to the global distribution of the above-mentioned planktonic foraminifera, the age of these fossil bearing strata appears to be Late Coniacian to Santonian. More importantly, these foraminifera provide direct evidence for marine water incursions into the Songliao Basin during deposition of the Lower Nenjiang Formation. © 2011 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Letter 2011 English 10016538 10.1007/s11434-010-4269-y Chinese Science Bulletin 56 Science in China Press 253 – 256 School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oil Field Company, Daqing 163712, China 3 Coniacian; Foraminifera; Haplophragmoides; Hedbergella; Pullenia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251471415&doi=10.1007%2fs11434-010-4269-y&partnerID=40&md5=3469c785ed411a45024bb54587678639 Cited by: 57; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Dang Peng Xi Xiao Qiao Wan Zhi Qiang Feng Shun Li Zi Hui Feng Jian Zhong Jia Xia Jing Wei Min Si article Zhao201112 Article 2011 10.3799/dqkx.2011.002 Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 36 12 – 16 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952714578&doi=10.3799%2fdqkx.2011.002&partnerID=40&md5=a9ea28854623ac3d971c70f74e995b9e Cited by: 4 Qing-Le Zhao Huai-Chun Wu Hai-Yan Li Shi-Hong Zhang article CHENGRi-Hui_285 2011 Earth Science Frontiers 18 Earth Science Frontiers 285-328 6 Songliao Basin; SK1; Mingshui Formation; sedimentary facies; sedimentary sequence; cyclostratigraphy https://www.earthsciencefrontiers.net.cn/EN/abstract/article_4384.shtml ZHANG Shi-Gong CHENG Ri-Hui article guo2011centimeter 2011 Earth Science Frontiers 18 263 6 WANG Guo-Dong CHENG Ri-Hui WANG Pu-Jun GAO Wei-Feng WANG Cheng-Shan LIN Yan-An HUANG Qing-Hua article pu2011centimeter 2011 Earth Science Frontiers 18 218 6 WANG Pu-Jun GAO Wei-Feng CHENG Ri-Hui WANG Guo-Dong TUN He-Yong MO Xiao-Qiao YANG Gan-Sheng HONG Zhong-Xin article wei2011centimeter 2011 Earth Science Frontiers 18 195 6 GAO Wei-Feng WANG Pu-Jun CHENG Ri-Hui WANG Guo-Dong MO Xiao-Qiao TUN He-Yong WANG Shu-Hua LIANG Mo-Lin article xiao2011attempt 2011 Geoscience 25 401 3 MO Xiao-Qiao WANG Chao others article Lin2025 Article 2011 Geosciences 24 419-428 03 F. Tun C. Wang S. Zhang T. Yang X. Mo article youfeng2010sedimentary 2010 Acta Petrologica Sinica 26 SCIENCE PRESS 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA 99-108 1 GAO Youfeng WANG Pujun Qu Xuejiao WANG Guodong article 2010precise 2010 Acta Petrologica Et Mineralogica 29 213-218 2 高翔 王平康 李秋英 王成善 高远 article wang2010distribution 2010 Geochimica 39 469-478 L Wang ZG Song article Zhi-qiang201079 Through tectonostratigraphic analysis of the nonmarine, intracontinental Songliao basin in northeast China, four episodes of deformation are recognized: mantle upwelling, rift, postrift thermal subsidence and structural inversion. The episodes are related to regional geodynamics and plate motions. Each episode is associated with a specific stratigraphic signature. The first period of deformation occurred during the Middle and Late Jurassic when asthenospheric upwelling heated, thinned and stretched the lithosphere. These events may have been caused by the narrowing of the Okhotsk Sea through subduction. This deformation is characterized by doming, extension, widespread volcanism and intrusion, and erosion. Volcanics interfinger with alluvial fan and alluvial plain facies systems tracts. The second rifting episode began in the latest Jurassic and continued into the Early Cretaceous. It resulted in the formation of a large number of isolated, NNE-trending fault blocks of 'basin-and-range' style. Rifting may have been caused by the formation and subduction of the Izanagi and Pacific Plates. Coal-bearing fluvial, floodplain, lacustrine and fan-delta strata and widespread volcanic rocks filled the fault-block basins. Volcanic strata hundreds to several thousand meters thick in the Huoshiling and Yingcheng Formations record multiple intrusive events during the rifting stage in the basin. These events were concurrent with episodes of intrusion and volcanic eruption in northeast China. The third phase of regional postrift deformation and subsidence, which began with the Lower Cretaceous Denglouku Formation, was caused by lithospheric cooling and extension, modulated by multiple compressional events. Subsidence in the Songliao basin permitted accumulation of thick postrift deposits, in contrast with other Cretaceous basins in Mongolia and northeast Asia. Three compressional episodes, which episodically interrupted the long-term cooling subsidence, originated from development of the Okhotsk suture and subduction of the Pacific plate. In the Early Cretaceous, pronounced compression originated from closure of Okhotsk Sea, forming the mountain ranges of Daxinganling, which provided sediment to the northern part of the basin. In the Late Cretaceous, the intensity of compression from the Pacific margin increased through time, causing westward migration of depocentres and uplift in the east until the end of Cretaceous. Postrift strata, typically 3000-4000 m thick with a maximum thickness of 6000 m, extend beyond the rift blocks and onlap the basin margins to form a large uniform basin. Early thermal subsidence strata include alluvial fan, fluvial, floodplain, shallow lacustrine and delta facies tracts, overlain by large deltaic and lacustrine facies. Late postrift environments featured by large lakes in the basin centre rimmed by delta, fluvial and floodplain environments. Reflection seismic profiles show that strong structural inversion, including folding and uplift, began at the end of the Nenjiang Formation and culminated at the end of the Cretaceous. The main compressional stress field changed from NW to NWW at the end of the Cretaceous, which caused changes in the direction of folding. During the rifting stage, several sets of gas-bearing reservoirs formed in association with coal-bearing source rocks in fluvial and deltaic strata with reservoir-quality volcanics and fluvial and fan-delta sandstone. Thick, widespread mudstone deposited in deep lakes during the postrift stage contains abundant organic matter, and is an important source rock and regional cap rock. Good reservoirs occur in deltaic and fluvial strata. Because of the episodic compressional events that alternately caused subsidence and uplift, reservoirs are sandwiched between source rocks, providing direct fluid communication from source to reservoir. © 2009 The Authors. Journal Compilation © Blackwell Publishing Ltd, European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers and International Association of Sedimentologists. 2010 English 0950091X 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2009.00445.x Basin Research 22 79-95 PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing City, Helongjiang, China; PetroChina, 9 Dongzhimen North Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China; Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan City, Hubei, China; Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States 1 alluvial fan; asthenosphere; Cretaceous; deformation mechanism; depocenter; extension; fan delta; floodplain; geodynamics; hydrocarbon reservoir; Jurassic; lacustrine deposit; lithostratigraphy; plate motion; rifting; sediment thickness; sedimentary sequence; seismic reflection; subduction; subsidence; systems tract; tectonostratigraphy; temperature effect; upwelling; volcanism, China; Pacific Ocean; Sea of Okhotsk; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74949097734&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2117.2009.00445.x&partnerID=40&md5=6835dd365323f7a3f2eee5497d1ed10e cited By 345 F. Zhi-qiang J. Cheng-zao X. Xi-nong Z. Shun F. Zi-hui T.A. Cross article Lin2025 Article 2010 Acta Pedologica Sinca 47 1029-1038 06 C. Huang J. Retallack C. Wang article ning2010productivity 2010 Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 40 1020-1026 5 WK Ning L Fu QL Huo article Qiu2010150 2010 English 00280836 10.1038/467150a Nature 467 150-151 7312 environmental temperature; geological time; geology; greenhouse; note; paleoclimatology; Paleogene; priority journal; science; sediment; volcano, Dinosauria https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956525245&doi=10.1038%2f467150a&partnerID=40&md5=48d26120bef660f5c2d7793e336587b9 cited By 1 J. Qiu article Wang2010121 Drilling core from Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling-SK-I(s) presents four sets of deep lake seismite from the lower part of the second member to the bottom of the third member of Qingshankou Formation. Typical structures of the seismites include step micro-fault, seismic fissure bed, autoclastic brecciated structure, load structure, ball-and-pillow structure (pseudonodule), vibration-induced liquefaction structure, enterolithic structure, liquefaction sand dyke and pseudo-mud crack. All of these synsedimentary-penecontemporaneous soft-sediment deformation and absence of seismo-turbidite indicate that the seismites in Qingshankou Formation are previous soft sediment reconstruction related to earthquake. Seismites of Qingshankou Formation exhibit typical developmental pattern and sedimentary sequence of seismite. This seismic sequence consists of the lower unit of liquefaction deformation corresponding to strong earthquake and the upper unit of plastic deformation corresponding to earthquake attenuation. Mudstone with few altered glass shards and volcanic ash interlayers simultaneously developed in Qingshankou Formation from SK-I(s). Mugearite and volcanic breccia developed in well Jin6 and Jin65 and basalt developed in well Qian124 and Qian 109 during corresponding geological time of volcanic ash in SK-I(s). These four wells containing volcanic rock in Qingshankou Formation distribute along the Sunwu-Shuangliao transcrustal fault, which indicates that tectonic-volcanic activities occurred during Qingshankou period in Songliao Basin and seismites recorded earthquake activities induced by tectonic-volcanic event in deep water. Existence of tectonic-volcanic event in Qingshankou Formation suggests that fault activities and volcano eruptions should be normal phenomena during the sag stage in Songliao Basin. 2010 Chinese 10000569 Acta Petrologica Sinica 26 Science Press 121-129 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China 1 Faulting; Geophysics; Liquefaction; Seismology; Tectonics; Volcanoes, Qingshankou formation; Seismic sequence; Seismite; SK-I(s); Songliao basin; Volcanic event, Earthquakes, Coniacian; deep water; deformation; geological time; mudstone; Ocean Drilling Program; sedimentary sequence; seismite; synsedimentary tectonics; turbidite; volcanic ash; volcanic eruption; volcanogenic deposit, China; Songliao Basin, Coniacian https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977992328&partnerID=40&md5=3024311874eaf1ab78d5b121714563e9 cited By 10 G. Wang R. Cheng P. Wang Y. Gao article gu2010mudstone 2010 China Mining Magazine 19 161-165 J Gu YJ Huang C Wang article FANGWei_181 2009 Earth Science Frontiers 16 Earth Science Frontiers 181-191 5 Key words: Songliao Basin; Well SK1; organic geochemistry; deposition environment https://www.earthsciencefrontiers.net.cn/EN/abstract/article_3664.shtml WANG Xue FANG Wei article ri2009uppermost 2009 Earth Science Frontiers 16 85 6 CHENG Ri-Hui WANG Guo-Dong WANG Pu-Jun GAO Wei-Feng article Wang2009340 Our Earth is a dynamic planet, changing on temporal scales ranging from millions of years required to complete a solid Earth cycle, or to form mountain ranges, to the few seconds required for a devastating earthquake or explosive volcanic eruptions. The Cretaceous was a period of great unrest in geologic history. It included a series of extraordinary global geological events - a significant increase of marine water temperature and the deposition of black shales; oceanic anoxia events (OAEs); biotic turnovers and mass extinctions; and the formation of many mountain ranges (California's Sierra Nevada and the Rockies in the western United States, the Andes in South America, and the Alps). Sea level rose during the mid-Cretaceous, covering about a third of the land area. Sea level was up to 250 m higher than at present. © 2009 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 2009 English 1070485X 10.1190/1.3104081 The Leading Edge 28 Society of Exploration Geophysicists 340-344 China University of Geoscience, Beijing, China; University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States 3 Earth (planet); Volcanoes, Geologic history; Geological events; Mass extinction; Mountain ranges; Northeast China; Scientific drilling; Volcanic eruptions; Western United States, Sea level, anoxic conditions; Cretaceous; drilling; mass extinction; mountain region; sea level; seawater; volcanic eruption; water temperature, Alps; Andes; California; China; Rocky Mountains; Sierra Nevada [California]; Songliao Basin; South America; United States https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63349089165&doi=10.1190%2f1.3104081&partnerID=40&md5=442e79a6f9d1f5ca6f1e466d9380c469 cited By 12 C. Wang Y. Huang X. Zhao article Wu2009308 The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Songliao Basin (SLB) of Northeast China consists of up to 550 m thick, lacustrine mudstone and shale that constitute one of the most important source rocks of the Daqing oil field. A high-resolution cyclostratigraphic analysis of the natural gamma-ray logging from 10 wells of the Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) reveals orbital cycles of precession (20 ka), obliquity (40 ka) and eccentricity (100 ka and 405 ka), providing strong evidence for astronomically driven climate changes in the Late Cretaceous terrestrial environments. Floating astronomical time scales (ATS) are established for all sections, which demonstrate variable durations of K2qn across the basin (1.09 Ma-5.20 Ma) and strong diachroneity of the lacustrine strata. Four periods of high depositional rates can be identified in the central parts of the basin, possibly recording deposition during times of sustained wet climate and high chemical weathering. An ATS established from well M206 in the central depression zone of the basin, where the most complete and stable Milankovitch cycles are present, suggests that the maximum duration of the K2qn is 5.20 Ma (from 94.27 Ma to 89.07 Ma; Late Cenomanian to Early Coniacian). The lacustrine anoxic event 1 (LAE1) at the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary lasted ~ 210-310 ka, during which the most prolific petroleum source rocks in SLB were deposited. The onset (~ 94.21-94.18 Ma) and duration (~ 210-310 Ka) of LAE1 in SLB are comparable to those of the oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2; onset at 94.21 Ma and duration of ~ 320-900 ka), suggesting that the same trigger mechanism, such as increased atmospheric CO2 from large-scale igneous activity, may have initiated high primary productivity and organic carbon burial in both marine and terrestrial systems. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2009 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.016 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 278 308-323 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; School of Marine Science, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010, United States; Exploration and Development Research Institute, Daqing Oil Field Corporation Ltd., Daqing, Heilongjiang 163712, China 3-4 astronomical time scale (ATS); lacustrine anoxic event 1 (LAE1); Late Cretaceous; Milankovitch cycles; Songliao Basin, Astrophysics; Climate change; Fire hazards; Gamma rays; Oil fields; Oil shale; Organic carbon; Photosynthesis; Radioactivity logging; Shale oil; Stratigraphy; Weathering, Oil well logging, climate change; Cretaceous; cyclostratigraphy; Milankovitch cycle; mudstone; organic carbon; paleoclimate; source rock, Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Songliao Basin, Coniacian https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649101797&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2008.12.016&partnerID=40&md5=7e01a1e9e856acaea0aa183dc175a95f cited By 107 H. Wu S. Zhang G. Jiang Q. Huang article zhong2009sedimentary 2009 Geochimica 38 487-497 YF Zhong JT Guo L Wang ZG Song article hui2009organic 2009 Earth Science Frontiers 16 96 6 KONG Hui HUANG Yong-Jian HUANG Qing-Hua ZHANG Wen-Jing XIE Lei LIU Hua-Gong XIE Xiao-Yun article Zhang20091679 According to seismic, logging, core, outcrop palaeoclimate and palaeontologic data, synthetic seismogram was used to demarcate and analyze the area structure evolution characteristic, and using concept and method of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy, four types of sequence boundaries were identified, including regional unconformity surface, exposure surface, channel scouring and eroding surface and formation stacking transformation surface, and a new supersequence boundary SB4 was also divided. The results show that Sifangtai to Mingshui formation in the north of Songliao Basin finally can be divided into one supersequence group, two supersequences(SSQ1 and SSQ2), six sequences(SQ1?SQ6) and seventy systems tracts and the high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework is also established. The rule of sediment fill and evolution in the sequence stratigraphic framework in the north of the basin is as follows: In the deposition period of sequence SQ1 to SQ3, the basin mainly develops fluvial and coastal-shallow lake facies where provenance's direction is in the direction of SN along the long axis of the basin, while in the deposition period of sequence SQ4 to SQ6, the basin mainly develops braid river delta and costal-shallow lake facies where provenance is in the direction of EW along the short axis of the basin. The basin's deposit center has also constantly migrated to the northwest from the beginning of the Sifangtai formation. Based on the comprehensive research on the reservoir-cap combination distribution of sequence stratigraphy framework and the conditions of the migration, accumulation of oil and gas show that sequence SQ1 of Sifangtai formation develops the most favorable reservoir-cap combination, and the thick bedded channel sand of the lowstand systems tract of sequence SQ1 in Da'an-Xinzhan area is the most favorable hydrocarbon accumulation area which probably develops structural-lithologic secondary hydrocarbon reservoir. Article 2009 Chinese 16727207 Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) 40 1679 – 1688 6 Coastal zones; Hydrocarbons; Sedimentology; Seismology; Braid river; Channel sands; Comprehensive research; Favorable hydrocarbon accumulation; High resolution; High resolution sequence stratigraphy; Hydrocarbon accumulation; Hydrocarbon reservoir; Long axis; Oil and gas; Palaeoclimate; Sequence boundary; Sequence stratigraphic framework; Sequence stratigraphy; Shallow lakes; Songliao basin; Structure evolution; Supersequence; Synthetic seismogram; Systems tracts; Stratigraphy https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75349094346&partnerID=40&md5=a27be4a54fdf398b790e36a6af190b94 Cited by: 9 Lei Zhang Ying-Min Wang Shu-Qing Li Jian-Hui Han Xing-Tao Zhang Yan-He Zhu Gai-Yun Wang Ting Yang article wei2009well 2009 Earth Science Frontiers 16 104 6 GAO Wei-Feng WANG Cheng-Shan WANG Pu-Jun MO Xiao-Qiao LIN Yan-An CHENG Ri-Hui WANG Guo-Dong article CHENG2009140 The Yaojia Formation recovered by CCSD-SK-Is borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongkeI-the south borehole) is 157.67 m long and 99.96% of cores recovery. The age of the formation corresponds with a range from the Santonian to the early Campanian. The sequences and processes of lithology-lithofacies and cyclic stratigraphy are revealed by a detailed core description. Eleven rock types and three kinds of sedimentary subfacies, including shallow lake, deep lake, and delta front, are recognized from the drilling core. There are eleven sedimentary microfacies including dolostone, argillaceous limestone, shallow lake turbidite, deep lake turbidite, subaqueous mouth bar, distal bar, sheet sandstone, subaqueous distributary bay, slump deposits, shallow lake mudstone, and deep lake mudstone. The Yaojia Formation represents one hundred and fifty-one meter-scale cycles (sixth-order cycle), forty-five fifth-order cycles, nine fourth-order cycles, and three third-order cycles. Meticulous depiction (centimeter level) of the whole Formation provides an approach to study its sedimentary process with high precision. The red beds with a thickness of 43% in the Yaojia Formation, being one of fewer continental red beds depicted meticulously in the world, will become a standard of potential formulation section for the studies of Cretaceous global oxygen-enriched events. © 2009 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. 2009 English 18725791 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60077-9 Dixue Qianyuan/ Earth Science Frontiers 16 140-151 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resoures, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049165593&doi=10.1016%2fS1872-5791%2808%2960077-9&partnerID=40&md5=dfa54f4bc3b0cdac010356259264b56b cited By 23 R. Cheng G. Wang P. Wang Y. Gao Y. Ren C. Wang S. Zhang Q. Wang article WANG2009288 The second and third member of the Qingshankou Formation recovered by CCSD-SK-Is borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongkeI-the south borehole) is 415.61 m long and 100% of cores recovery. The age of the member corresponds approximately to the Coniacian. The sequence and process of lithology-lithofacies and cyclic stratigraphy were revealed by a detailed core description. 12 rock types and 2 kinds of sedimentary subfacies including semi-deep lake and shallow lake were recognized from the drilling core of the second and third member of the Qingshankou Formation. 10 sedimentary microfacies are present, including dolomite, marl, limestone, oil shale, semi-deep lake turbidite, volcanic ash, seismite, semi-deep lake mudstone, shallow lake mudstone, and shallow lake turbidite microfacies. The second and third member of the Qingshankou Formation represents 422 meter-scale cycles (sixth-order cycle), 130 fifth-order cycles, 21 fourth-order cycles, and one third-order cycles. The special lithologies, such as mudstone, seismite, dolomite, volcanic ash, and so on are important to researches on source rocks and lacustrine event sediments. © 2009 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Article 2009 English 18725791 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60080-9 Dixue Qianyuan/ Earth Science Frontiers 16 288 – 313 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; School of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049135697&doi=10.1016%2fS1872-5791%2808%2960080-9&partnerID=40&md5=c32a51a1e66efa5f11f03134a6f5d5db Cited by: 29 Pujun Wang Youfeng Gao Rihui Cheng Guodong Wang Heyong WU Xiaoqiao Wan Gansheng Yang Zhongxing WANG article WANG2009324 The Quantou Formation recovered by CCSD-SK-Is borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongkeI-the south borehole) is 132.07 m long and the recovery of cores is 100%. The sequence and process of lithology-lithofacies and cyclostratigraphy are revealed by a detailed core description. Nine rock types and three kinds of sedimentary facies including meandering river, shallow lake, and delta front are recognized from the drilling core, there are ten sedimentary microfacies, which are point bar, natural levee, crevasse splay, crevasse channel, floodplain, flood lake, distributary mouth bar, interdistributary bay, mudstone of still water, and turbidite. The Quantou Formation represents seventy-six meter-scale cycles (sixth-order cycle), twenty-five fifth-order cycles, eight fourth-order cycles, and two third-order cycles. Meticulously depicted (centimeter level) continental red beds of the third and the fourth members of Quantou Formation will be a potential formulation profile for the studies of Cretaceous global oxygen-enriched events. The reservoir sandstones of the third and the fourth members were developed basin-wide as an inevitable product before the Songliao Basin was depressed or sagged on a large scale. The period of the third and the fourth members of Quantou Formation is a stage between the development of the fault basin and the sag basin on a large scale. © 2009 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Article 2009 English 18725791 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60078-0 Dixue Qianyuan/ Earth Science Frontiers 16 324 – 338 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resoures, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049190112&doi=10.1016%2fS1872-5791%2808%2960078-0&partnerID=40&md5=7aef1d4bf1419b975da31963aa3e833b Cited by: 23 Guodong Wang Rihui Cheng Pujun Wang Youfeng Gao Chengshan Wang Yanguang Ren Qinghua Huang article GAO2009314 The first member of the Qingshankou Formation recovered by CCSD-SK-Is borehole (China Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling-SongkeI-the south borehole) is 81.41 m long, and the recovery of cores is 100%. The age of the member is approximately Turonian. The sequence and process of lithology-lithofacies and cyclic stratigraphy were revealed by a detailed core description. 6 rock types (mudstone, dolomite, marl, limestone, ostracode limestone, and volcanic ash) comprise the sedimentary strata. Deposition occurred in a deep lake, including 6 sedimentary microfacies: mudstone, sandy turbidite, dolomite, marl, limestone, and volcanic ash microfacies. The first member of the Qingshankou Formation represents 81 meter-scale cycles (sixth-order cycle), 25 fifth-order cycles, 6 fourth-order cycles, and 2 third-order cycles. The occurrence and detailed description of mudstone, dolomite, and volcanic ash are of significance for the study of anoxic events, the source rock development, and the potential linkage between lake-marine depositional events. © 2009 China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. 2009 English 18725791 10.1016/S1872-5791(08)60081-0 Dixue Qianyuan/ Earth Science Frontiers 16 314-323 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163712, China; Geological Logging Branch, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing, 163411, China 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049148452&doi=10.1016%2fS1872-5791%2808%2960081-0&partnerID=40&md5=c5759aad9c9427e05fbc550628abbca0 cited By 25 Y. Gao P. Wang R. Cheng G. Wang X. Wan H. Wu S. Wang W. LIANG article Zhang2009868 Cretaceous phytoplankton from the newly completed core hole (SK-1, N&S) in the central Songliao Basin was studied. The target interval is from the upper Quantou Formation of Upper Cretaceous to Mingshui Formation. Twelve genera of dinoflagellates, six of acritarcha and three of chlorophyta were identified in 588 samples from the 2300-m deep core. Ten phytoplankton assemblages have been classified: Tetranguladinium-Subtilisphaera-Botryococcus, Botryococcus-Pediastrum, Pediastrum, Dinogymniopsis-ChlamydophreUa-Vesperopsis bifurcate, Dinogymniopsis minor-Balmula, Pediastrum-Botryococcus, Schizosporis-Campenia, Kiokansium-Dinogymniopsis-Botryococcus, Dinogymniopsis-Granodiscus-Filisphaeridium and Granodiscus. According to the findings mentioned above, the age of the upper Qantou Formation is Cenomanian, the Qingshankou Formation belongs to upper Cenomanian-Turonian, the Yaojia Formation to Coniancian-Santonian age, the Nenjiang Formation is of Campanian age, and Sifangtai-Mingshui formations are referred to Maastrichtian stage. The ecology of phytoplankton is closely related to water salinity. Each type of phytoplankton is within a certain living water mass whose evolution type reflects salinity change of the Songliao Lake. The assemblages from the SK-1 indicate that water salinity changes with the cycle of freshwater-alight brackish water-brackish water-slight brackish water-freshwater in the lake. 2009 English 10009515 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00125.x Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 83 868-874 China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Jilin Technology College of Electronic Information, Jilin 132021, China 5 Acritarcha; Botryococcus; Chlorophyta; Dinophyceae; Pediastrum; Vesperopsis https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053244085&doi=10.1111%2fj.1755-6724.2009.00125.x&partnerID=40&md5=325caf79b3cb6dd4a7f44be43fbb1ada cited By 7 Y. Zhang L. Bao article 2009 Exploration Engineering (Rock &, Soil Drilling and Tunneling) 36 388-392 S1 Y. Zhu W. Wang article yuanliang2009anti 2009 石油钻采工艺 31 石油钻采工艺 53-56 4 LIU Yuanliang Wu Xiaoming ZHU Yongyi LI Xiaofen article Wang20091178 Interlayers of mugearite are recognized within lacustrine mudstone of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation (K2qn) in the Songliao basin (SB) of Northeast China. Precise 40 Ar/39Ar plateau age of 88. 0 ±0. 3 Ma is obtained for the mugearite, interpreted as a Late Cretaceous, Coniacian stage. The volcanic rocks are characterized by glassy matrix and porphyritic texture. Phenocrysts are olivine, augite and plagioclase. The rocks are rich in Na, Al, LREE ( σ LREE/ σHREE = g 0 ∼ 9. 7) and LILE (e. g. U, Th, Pb, Rb, Sr and Ba) , with high Rb/Sr ratios, low Sm/Nd ratios and the δEu value ranges from 0. 95 to 1. 36. The volcanics have also high Mg# values (0. 61 ∼ 0. 64) , high Ox° values (0. 62 ∼ 0. 68) , and low MDI values (3.4 ∼ 5.3). Standard mineral pressure plot coupled with MgO/Al2 03 ratios indicate a depth of ≥ 60km for the magma chamber. Hereby, the magma originates from enriched mantle, turns to be intraplate rift volcanism as a result of maximal transtension cutting through the crust. The volcanic activities have two effects on oil & gas, accelerating hydrocarbon generation owing to the rising regional heat flow, and resulting in biolithite sediments of important source rocks owing to the local reef-building environment. Three factors involved in the volcanism are favorable for petroleum accumulation, including drag structures beneath, topographic highs above and turbidites around the volcanic rocks. Article 2009 Chinese 10000569 Acta Petrologica Sinica 25 Science Press 1178 – 1190 5 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Songliao Basin; Calluna vulgaris; Coniacian; Geochemistry; Hydrocarbons; Lead; Rocks; Rubidium; Silicate minerals; Volcanoes; Building environment; Cretaceous qingshankou formation; Geochemical features; Hydrocarbon generation; Mugearite; Petroleum accumulations; Songliao basin; Volcanic activities; argon isotope; basin evolution; Cretaceous; geochemistry; geochronology; heat flow; hydrocarbon generation; magma chamber; mudstone; petroleum; volcanic rock; volcanism; Volcanic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84977992454&partnerID=40&md5=a63c538843e2663d8109804564914bca Cited by: 36 Pu Jun Wang You Feng Gao Yan Guang Ren Wan Zhu Liu Jian Guang Zhang article Gao2008669 CCSD-SK II is one of the two drilling wells of the Cretaceous Scientific Drilling Project in Songliao Basin. It is located at limb section of the nose-like structure in the Gulong sag of the central depression, north of Songliao Basin. Based on the detailed description on the cores from the second member bottom of Nenjiang Formation to the third member top of Quantou Formation in CCSD-SK II, the core profile was established, and five common lithology (mudstone, silty mudstone, mudy siltstone, siltstone and sandstone) and eight special lithology (dolomite, volcanic ash, oil shale, lime mudstone, marlite, recrystalline limestone, ostracode clastic limestone and ostracode limestone) were identified. 172 layers of special lithology in CCSD-SK II were recognized with a total thickness of 14. 516m. They are distributed mainly in the Qingshankou Formation, the second and third member of Yaojia Formation and Nenjiang Formation. The detailed description of the cores and identification on special lithology are the base for the next studies. Article 2008 Chinese 10009515 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 82 Science Press 669 – 675 5 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Songliao Basin; Ostracoda; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; core logging; Cretaceous; drilling fluid; lithology; site selection https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-49149112700&partnerID=40&md5=b5b1b1b1be2d6e6099cc67158c110406 Cited by: 13 Youfeng Gao Pujun Wang Chengshan Wang Yanguang Ren Guodong Wang Wanzhu Liu Rihui Cheng article Wang200848 The CCSD-SK is the first scientific drilling well of whole core Cretaceous rocks in the continent of China, which is composed of two drilling wells: CCSD-SK I in the north and CCSD-SK II in the south. Totally, 62 layers of bedded and ellipsoidal dolostone were identified in the Nenjiang Formation during the description of CCSD-SK II. Dolostone nodular occurs as lens in the vertical section, and interior of the nodular is characterized by foliation which converges at both lateral edges. Under microscopic observation, dolostone is grey in the core and bright at the rim, and marl has been replaced, locally forming "leopard spot" dolomite. All these features indicate that dolomite of the Nengjiang Formation was the product of lacustrine facies limestone during penecontemporaneous replacement. The forming mechanism of dolostone of the Nenjiang Formation was that under the setting of the marine transgression of Late Cretaceous in the Songliao Basin, marls brought by turbidity flow and extinction of ostracoda began to deposit during the replacement, thus forming the dolostone. Article 2008 Chinese 10009515 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 82 Science Press 48 – 54 1 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Songliao Basin; Ostracoda; Panthera pardus; Cretaceous; dolomite; dolostone; drilling; formation mechanism; hydrocarbon reserve; marl; transgression; turbidity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44249093281&partnerID=40&md5=80f381ea20380d8f348da21b3f3a12a5 Cited by: 14 Guodong Wang Rihui Cheng Pujun Wang Youfeng Gao article Deng2025 Article 2008 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2008.03.001 Exploration Engineering 3 1-4 Y. Zhu W. Wang article Sun20084 Article 2008 Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid 25 4–6+83 3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62149130061&partnerID=40&md5=88bd9d92e9b3984edd944d1b7166820c Cited by: 0 Ping-he Sun Xiao-ming Wu Yong-yi Zhu Ji-hua Cai article Cheng200855 Article 2008 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 82 55 – 64 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44249086927&partnerID=40&md5=d3346a3cea3f72a2a018f3135d8c9184 Cited by: 23 Rihui Cheng Guodong Wang Pujun Wang article Wang20089 To obtain the global environmental and climatic records is going to be the aim of the international scientific drilling projects. As a paradigm of greenhouse climate in the geological history, the Cretaceous provides significant records of the global climate changes under the condition of greenhouse climate. But currently, the international scientific drilling programs on the Cretaceous have been focusing on marine sediments; in contrast, no terrestrial records have been recovered by any scientific program. Newly completed SK I and SK II drilling located at the northern part of the Songliao Basin are supposed to be an important breakthrough in this domain. After more than one year effort, the drilling project has been finished, and 2485.89 in of the cores have been obtained, with a high recovery ratio of 96.46%, and that is the longest and continuous Cretaceous terrestrial core all over the world. A number of important investigations and achievement on the cores from SK I and SK II have been carried out. One of the most significant contributions of this program is to get records with a resolution of ten thousand year by the centimeter-grade sampling and analysis, instead of the traditional records on million years of timescale, and hopefully, its research can provide an important reference to solve currently global warming. Combined with raw data and upcoming results for the core, an integrated accomplishment of the scientific can be made in ten profiles such as biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy and geomicrobiology and so on. The preliminary progress has been achieved on sedimentology, organic geochemistry, cyclostratigraphy, paleolimnology, geomicrobiology and reconstruction of Pco'2. All the cores will be preserved in professional storeroom after being cut for our researches, and scientists all over the world are highly welcome. The follow-up the SK II drilling program has also been selected as one of the candidate programs of ICDP (International Continental Drilling Project). 2008 Chinese 10009515 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 82 Science Press 9-20 School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Exploration and Development, Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd., Daqing 163712, China; School of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China; Exploration Company of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd., Daqing 163453, China; School of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 1 biostratigraphy; chemostratigraphy; climate change; Cretaceous; cyclostratigraphy; Deep Sea Drilling Project; geomicrobiology; greenhouse gas; magnetostratigraphy; marine sediment; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; reconstruction; sediment core, Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Songliao Basin https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-44249088343&partnerID=40&md5=9b8fbde19d4555f96edf6533414c7501 cited By 36 C. Wang Z. Feng H. Wu P. Wang F. Kong Y. Ren G. Yang X. Wan Y. Huang S. Zhang article Huang200860 2008 English 18168957 10.2204/lodp.sd.6.11.2008 Scientific Drilling 60-61 Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Geology, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road 29, Haidian District 100083 Beijing, China 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651556077&doi=10.2204%2flodp.sd.6.11.2008&partnerID=40&md5=7389312a56538fd209802c42b30dc079 cited By 4 Y. Huang C. Wang article 2008 Exploration Engineering (Rock &, Soil Drilling and Tunneling) 35 1-5 12 Q. Zhang Y. Zhu X Li J. Bi W. Wang article huaichun2008establishment 2008 Earth Science Frontiers 15 Elsevier 159-169 4 Wu Huaichun Shihong Zhang Qinghua Huang article Cheng200855 Article 2008 Coal Geology & Exploration 36 77-80 6 J. Cai S. Gu X. Wu article yongyi2008coring 2008 Exploration Engineering (Rock & Soil Drilling and Tunneling) 35 1-5 9 ZHU Yongyi Wang Wenshi article 2008 Petroleum Drilling Techniques 36 54-57 5 J. Cai X. Wu Y. Zhu S. Gu X Li W. Wang article Cheng200855 Article 2007 Drilling Engineering 7 49-51 Z. Lin G. Yang J. Zhang article Cheng200855 Article 2007 Drilling Engineering 10 69-71 Z. Lin G. Yang J. Zhang B. Jiang article Cheng200855 Article 2007 Petroleum Drilling Techniques 6 22-26 S. Sun L. Yang X. Li X. Wu Z. Wang article https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01025.x Abstract: Extensive transgression of lake water occurred during the Cretaceous Qingshankou Stage and the Nengjiang Stage in the Songliao basin, forming widespread deep-water deposits. Eleven types of microfacies of deep-water deposits have been recognized in the continuous core rocks from the SKII, including mudstone of still water, marlite, dolostone, oil shale, volcanic ashes, turbidite, slump sediment, tempestite, seismite, ostracoda limestone and sparry carbonate, which are divided into two types: microfacies generated due to gradually changing environments (I) and microfacies generated due to geological events (II). Type I is composed of some special fine grain sediments such as marlite, dolomite stone and oil shale as well as mudstone and Type II is composed of some sediments related to geological events, such as volcanic ashes, turbiditie, slump sediment, tempestite, seismite, ostracoda limestone. The formation of sparry carbonate may be controlled by factors related to both environments and events. Generally, mudstone sediments of still water can be regarded as background sediments, and the rest sediments are all event sediments, which have unique forming models, which may reflect controlling effects of climatics and tectonics. 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01025.x Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 81 1026-1032 6 Cretaceous, deep-water deposit, model of microfacies, Songliao basin, SKII https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01025.x CHENG Rihui WANG Guodong WANG Pujun GAO Youfeng article Cheng200855 Article 2007 China Basic Science 6 22-26 C. Wang article https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01022.x Abstract: The Songliao basin (SB) is a superposed basin with two different kinds of basin fills. The lower one is characterized by a fault-bounded volcanogenic succession comprising of intercalated volcanic, pyroclastic and epiclastic rocks. The volcanic rocks, dating from 110 Ma to 130 Ma, are of geochemically active continental margin type. Fast northward migration of the SB block occurred during the major episodes of the volcanism inferred from their paleomagnetic information. The upper one of the basin fill is dominated by non-marine sag-style sedimentary sequence of siliciclastics and minor carbonates. The basin center shifted westwards from the early to late Cretaceous revealed by the GGT seismic velocity structure suggesting dynamic change in the basin evolution. Thus, a superposed basin model is proposed. Evolution of the SB involves three periods including (1) Alptian and pre-Aptian: a retroarc basin and range system of Andes type related to Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt (MOCB); (2) Albian to Companian: a sag-like strike-slip basin under transtension related to oblique subduction of the Pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Eurasian plate; (3) since Maastrichtian: a tectonic inverse basin under compression related to normal subduction of the Pacific plate under the Eurasian plate, characterized by overthrust, westward migration of the depocenter and eastward uplifting of the basin margin. 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01022.x Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 81 1002-1011 6 Cretaceous superposed Songliao basin, volcanic rocks, sedimentary sequence, tectonic evolution, Mongolia-Okhotsk collisional belt, Pacific and Eurasian plates, retroarc strike-slip tectonic-inverse basins https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb01022.x WANG Pujun XIE Xiao'an Mattern FRANK REN Yanguang ZHU Defeng SUN Xiaomeng article Cheng200855 Article 2007 Oil Drilling & Production Technology 5 117-118 8-12 Q. Sun H. Shen X. Yang F. Yuan