This file was created by the TYPO3 extension publications --- Timezone: CEST Creation date: 2026-04-23 Creation time: 22:24:09 --- Number of references 126 article Fedorov2025 Article 2025 10.1134/S1028334X25609642 Doklady Earth Sciences 525 3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105030677024&doi=10.1134%2fS1028334X25609642&partnerID=40&md5=f2fc988ff70aa8e4c4dcab1a6f050187 Cited by: 1 G.B. Fedorov O. Yu. Glushkova M. Melles V. Wennrich article RN96 2024 10.22498/pages.32.2.72 Past Global Changes Magazine 32 72-73 2 A. C. Gebhardt J. Brigham-Grette I. Castaneda M. Melles P. Minyuk V Wennrich article Lozhkin2024 Palynological analysis of sediments from El'gygytgyn Lake document vegetation changes in the Eastern Arctic from early marine isotope stage (MIS) 74 to late MIS 80 (c.2.1–1.9 MA) and close the last remaining gap in the El'gygytgyn pollen record. Cooler climates were characterized by a mix of Larix forest-tundra, shrub Betula tundra, and herb-dominated communities. During interglaciations, Larix forests with tree Betula and Alnus, and perhaps with a minor component of Picea and tree Pinus, characterized areas that today are tundra. These forests included a rich shrub understory of Betula, Duschekia, Salix, and Pinus pumila. Although MIS 77 has been considered a “super” interglaciation, the data do not indicate that this stage was exceptionally warm. Interstadial conditions are denoted by pollen assemblages that indicate the regional vegetation was dominated by Larix forest -tundra and an absence of Pinus pumila. The palynological results from this Early Pleistocene interval demonstrate the need to: 1) modify the El'gygytgyn age model; 2) reevaluate the relationship of sediment facies to climate change; and 3) reconsider the occurrence and/or definition of “super” interglaciations. © 2023 Article 2024 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2024.105094 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 324 Elsevier B.V. Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; climate change; glaciation; interglacial; isotopic analysis; marine isotope stage; paleobotany; palynology; Pleistocene; pollen; vegetation cover https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85188703790&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2024.105094&partnerID=40&md5=7860df4b8eeffc6032507dbaa1a2955d Cited by: 0 Anatoly V. Lozhkin Patricia M. Anderson Julia A. Korzun Ekaterina Yu. Nedorubova article Lozhkin2023 Palynological analysis of Early Pleistocene sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn indicate that climate was warmer than present between c. 1.2860 and 1.6975 Ma (late Gelisian–early Calabrian ages), although variations in the paleovegetation indicate fluctuations between relatively cool and warm conditions. During the coolest intervals, the vegetation on the Anadyr Plateau was a mix of Betula-Salix shrub tundra and Larix forest-tundra. Larix forests, which probably included trees species of Betula and Alnus, characterized the regional vegetation during the warmest times. Slightly cooler interglaciations are indicated by the presence of Larix-forest tundra. Pinus pumila pollen is not consistently present in all interglaciations, indicating that variations in the extent and/or duration of snow cover occurred during these warm intervals. The absence of pollen from this evergreen shrub contrasts with Holocene and Late Pleistocene assemblages, where the taxon is a hallmark of warm conditions. During the Early Pleistocene, Betula pollen indicates the plant's presence during warm and cool intervals, in contrast to Late and Middle Pleistocene spectra where shrub Betula is absent or rare. The pollen data from MIS 55 suggest that it was the coolest of the Pleistocene “super” interglaciations and that the MIS 43 climate was as warm as that of MIS 55. The El'gygytgyn palynological record is a powerful reminder that the distribution of arctic communities can be vastly reduced or eradicated during warm Earth scenarios. © 2023 Elsevier B.V. Article 2023 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104904 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 315 Elsevier B.V. Anadyr; Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Calabrian; paleoclimate; palynology; plant community; Pleistocene; pollen; shrub; vegetation history https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159775840&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2023.104904&partnerID=40&md5=00be69ce45e02906b2c8c61e56a79c5d Cited by: 1; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Anatoly V. Lozhkin Patricia M. Anderson article Daniels2022900 Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs) are commonly preserved molecular biomarkers of archaea whose distributions can be used to reconstruct past temperature, and possibly, methane and nitrogen cycling. To date, iGDGT systematics have not been widely investigated in Arctic lacustrine environments. Here, we analyze iGDGTs in sediments of Lake El'gygytgyn, located in the Russian Arctic, to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions from the Pliocene to today using TEX86 and other indices. The TEX86-inferred temperature history shows a long-term warming trend, in stark contrast to other Arctic records and other proxies from Lake El'gygytgyn, suggesting that non-temperature factors obfuscate the use of TEX86 at this site. Other GDGT-based indices including the BIT Index, ΔRing Index, Methane Index and the GDGT-0/crenarchaeol ratio suggest that TEX86 is strongly influenced by archaeal community changes. The most significant community shifts are observed c. 2.4 Ma and record an increase in Euryarchaeota production and/or a decrease in Thaumarchaeota production, which was driven by the establishment of permafrost and perennial lake ice during the early Pleistocene. Overall, this study demonstrates an important interpretative framework for iGDGTs in lacustrine systems and describes variations in Arctic climate and lake biogeochemistry over timescales of thousands to millions of years. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2022 English 02678179 10.1002/jqs.3347 Journal of Quaternary Science 37 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 900-914 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States 5 biogeochemistry; biomarker; climate variation; isoprenoid; lacustrine environment; lake water; lipid; microbial ecology; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; permafrost; Pliocene; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; proxy climate record; timescale, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111034835&doi=10.1002%2fjqs.3347&partnerID=40&md5=3d3799a52ded88de9befcf289507f349 cited By 3 W.C. Daniels I.S. Castañeda J.M. Salacup M.H. Habicht K.R. Lindberg J. Brigham-Grette article Lindberg2022559 The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT) is a widely recognized global climate shift occurring between approximately 1250 and 700ka. At this time, Earth's climate underwent a major transition from dominant 40kyr glacial-interglacial cycles to quasi-100kyr cycles. The cause of the MPT remains a puzzling aspect of Pleistocene climate. Presently, there are few, if any, continuous MPT records from the Arctic, yet understanding the role and response of the high latitudes to the MPT is required to better evaluate the causes of this climatic shift. Here, we present new continental biomarker records of temperature and vegetation spanning 1142 to 752ka from Lake El'gygytgyn (Far East Russia). We reconstruct warm-season temperature variations across the MPT based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). The new Arctic temperature record does not display an overall cooling trend during the MPT but does exhibit strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity. Spectral analysis demonstrates persistent obliquity and precession pacing over the study interval and reveals substantial sub-orbital temperature variations at 1/4900ka during the first "skipped"interglacial. Interestingly, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 31, which is widely recognized as a particularly warm interglacial, does not exhibit exceptional warmth in the Lake El'gygytgyn brGDGT record. Instead, we find that MIS 29, 27, and 21 were as warm or warmer than MIS 31. In particular, MIS 21 (1/4870 to 820ka) stands out as an especially warm and long interglacial in the continental Arctic while MIS 25 is a notably cold interglacial. Throughout the MPT, Lake El'gygytgyn pollen data exhibit a long-term drying trend, with a shift to an increasingly open landscape noted after around 900ka (Zhao et al., 2018), which is also reflected in our higher plant leaf wax (n-alkane) distributions. Although the mechanisms driving the MPT remain a matter of debate, our new climate records from the continental Arctic exhibit some similarities to changes noted around the North Pacific region. Overall, the new organic geochemical data from Lake El'gygytgyn contribute to expanding our knowledge of the high-latitude response to the MPT. © 2022 Kurt R. Lindberg et al. 2022 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-18-559-2022 Climate of the Past 18 Copernicus GmbH 559-577 University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States 3 biomarker; climate change; glacial-interglacial cycle; Pleistocene; vegetation cover; warming, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127722762&doi=10.5194%2fcp-18-559-2022&partnerID=40&md5=feca29161aac4e0d4d57ad4f90789a72 cited By 3 K.R. Lindberg W.C. Daniels I.S. Castañeda J. Brigham-Grette article Zhao2022915 The 3.6-Myr sedimentary record of Lake El'gygytgyn is crucial for understanding the response of the sensitive ecosystems in the Arctic to Quaternary climate variations at orbital timescales. In this study, we synthesize previously published pollen records and biome reconstructions and perform pollen diversity analysis of the deep-drilling core ICDP 5011-1 from Lake El'gygytgyn for periods during the Early Pleistocene (MIS 82 – MIS 79), Early–Middle Pleistocene (MIS 31 – MIS 18) and late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 7e – MIS 6f). The results indicate that the predominance of herb tundra in the regional vegetation was most characteristic during glacials/stadials. Interglacials, in contrast, can be distinguished by the expansion of shrub communities mainly composed of birch, alder and willow. The expansion of forest biomes in the region was influenced by peaks in obliquity values, which led to increases in daylight length, which was essential for plant growth in high latitudes. An apparent long-term decreasing trend in the tree and shrub population, accompanied by a reduction in floristic richness, was induced by stepwise cooling and drying since the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), which is linked to the modulation of extended global ice volume during the MPT via strong snow- and ice-albedo feedback effects. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2022 English 02678179 10.1002/jqs.3408 Journal of Quaternary Science 37 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 915-927 School of Geographic Science, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, China; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420018, Russian Federation; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China 5 albedo; environmental change; glacial-interglacial cycle; ice; Milankovitch cycle; Pleistocene; pollen; snow; vegetation, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122734106&doi=10.1002%2fjqs.3408&partnerID=40&md5=e2bd9418f0d524a13e17bcb0f6c2e32a cited By 1 W. Zhao A.A. Andreev V. Wennrich Q. Li M. Melles article Andreev2021 Upper Pliocene sediments from a number of fluvial outcrops in central Chukotka, northeastern Russian Arctic, along the Enmyvaam, Mechekrynnetveem, and Chanuvenvaam Rivers, have been newly studied for pollen, non-pollen-palynomorphs and, for the first time for Pliocene sediments in Eurasia, charcoals. The sediments have survived the El’gygytgyn meteorite impact event at ∼3.58 Ma. The stratigraphy of the studied outcrops suggests that the lowermost sediments were accumulated shortly before the impact event, between ∼3.60 and 3.58 Ma. At that time, coniferous forests with spruces, pines, firs, birches, larches, and alders dominated in the area. Some relatively thermophilic broad-leaved taxa (Corylus, Carpinus, Ulmus, and Myrica) might also have grown in local forests. Summer temperatures were at least 10°C warmer than today. Charcoal concentrations and composition suggest the presence of high intensity fires. Periods of rather wet climate and soil conditions are marked by common shrubby and boggy habitats with ericaceous plants and Sphagnum, and are associated with less, and probably low-intensity surface fires with less charcoal. The impact event caused widespread fires reflected by up to 4 times higher charcoal concentrations in the sediments. The sediments found above the so-called “chaotic horizon” (sediments accumulated synchronously or very shortly after the impact event) contain late Pliocene pollen assemblages comparable to those in Lake El’gygytgyn, reflecting that pine-spruce forests with some firs, birches, larches, and alder dominated in the study area. Some thermophilic taxa might also still have grown in the area. However, the age control for the sediments above the so-called chaotic horizon is poor. The uppermost sediments from the studied sections can be attributed with certainty to the Late Pleistocene and Holocene according to their stratigraphic positions and pollen assemblages. The combined pollen and charcoal analysis allowed correlating hardly datable fluvial sediments and points to varying fire regimes in warmer-than-present climates, when forest extended further north compared to today. © Copyright © 2021 Andreev, Dietze, Glushkova, Smirnov, Wennrich and Melles. 2021 English 22966463 10.3389/feart.2021.636983 Frontiers in Earth Science 9 Frontiers Media S.A. Alfred Wegener Institute, Research Unit Potsdam, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Northeastern Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russian Federation Charcoal; Fires; Forestry; Lakes; Meteorites; Plants (botany); Sediments; Stratigraphy, Charcoal analysis; Coniferous forests; Fluvial sediment; Meteorite impact; Pine-spruce forest; Pliocene sediments; Pollen assemblage; Summer temperature, Meteor impacts, charcoal; fluvial deposit; impact structure; meteorite; outcrop; palynology; Pliocene; sedimentary rock, Chukchi; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105183248&doi=10.3389%2ffeart.2021.636983&partnerID=40&md5=0140faf14a39fcd7431e044e89bcfbf3 cited By 0 A. Andreev E. Dietze O. Glushkova V. Smirnov V. Wennrich M. Melles article Lozhkin2020168 Article 2020 10.1111/bor.12413 Boreas 49 168 – 180 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073987705&doi=10.1111%2fbor.12413&partnerID=40&md5=13fb3f710ec2f53cd07714d2777b9820 Cited by: 4 Anatoly V. Lozhkin Patricia M. Anderson Pavel S. Minyuk Julia A. Korzun Ekaterina Y. Nedorubova Mariana A. Kirillova article Lozhkin2020 Article 2020 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104242 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 279 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083894880&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2020.104242&partnerID=40&md5=da592676564d8d62ad6fcc1e6cd0ed14 Cited by: 3 Anatoly V. Lozhkin Patricia M. Anderson article Warnke2020 Density-driven mass movement deposits (MMDs) were mapped throughout the Quaternary sedimentary record of Lake El'gygytgyn (NE Siberia) using high-resolution acoustic data. Three different acoustic facies types were identified in the lake: (1) pelagic sediment, (2) plastic flow deposits and (3) turbidites. Deposits from plastic flows are dominantly present proximal to the lakes' slopes, whereas deposits from turbidity currents occur more spatially distributed. During glacial times, the distribution of MMDs was more uniform, while during interglacial periods, MMDs were deposited predominantly close to the slope of the northwestern area. Furthermore, the overall number of MMDs and accumulated sediment volume significantly varies between glacial/interglacial periods. About 1.6 times more MMDs were mapped during interglacials, contributing to a 3.5 times higher sediment volume. The main reason for this large difference is that a significant increase in plastic flows were formed during interglacials, which account for a much larger volume of sediments when compared with the glacial intervals characterized by increased amount of turbidites. It appears that the most important source areas for MMDs are located at the northern and western shores. Cycles of lake level changes caused by variations in climate conditions between glacials and interglacials are likely the main trigger mechanism for the generation of these MMDs. The climate-dependent genesis and partly erosive potential influencing the sedimentary record contain implications to consider for future paleo-environmental reconstructions in lacustrine settings. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. 2020 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109506 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 539 Elsevier B.V. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, Bremerhaven, 27515, Germany glacial-interglacial cycle; lacustrine deposit; lake level; mass movement; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; Quaternary; reconstruction; slope failure; turbidity current, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076180047&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2019.109506&partnerID=40&md5=568cf4993e895282aece7958253524ca cited By 0 F. Warnke C. Gebhardt F. Niessen article Andreev2020 The 318-m long sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia situated in the present-day herb tundra zone, provides a unique archive of high Arctic environmental changes since ca 3.6 million years ago (Ma). This paper focuses on pollen-derived vegetation change during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP) and in particular during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, which is known to represent the coldest interval of the Pliocene. Building on initial pollen studies, we provide a more complete record and a more detailed discussion of climatically-driven vegetation and environmental changes in the northeastern Russian Arctic, spanning the 203-thousand-year interval between 3.383 and 3.180 Ma ago. Pine-spruce-fir-larch-Douglas fir forests dominated the area around Lake El'gygytgyn between 3.383 and 3.330 Ma (MIS MG4 - MIS MG2). Colder and drier climate caused a decrease of coniferous forests and widespread Sphagnum habitats around the lake between 3.370 and 3.357 Ma. After 3.3 Ma, the presence of spruce, fir and Douglas fir decreased again. A very pronounced cooling took place at the first half of MIS M2 (3.312–3.283 Ma), when treeless tundra- and steppe-like habitats became common in the regional vegetation. Climate conditions were similar or only slightly warmer and wetter to those of the Holocene. Numerous coprophilous fungi spores identified in the MIS M2 pollen samples suggest the presence of grazing mammals around the lake. Larch-pine forests with some spruce started to dominate the area again after ca. 3.282 Ma, thus pointing to a significant climate amelioration during the mPWP. However, the forested area decreased, while herb- and shrub-dominated vegetation spread again during MIS KM6 (especially 3.235–3.223 Ma), suggesting a noticeable climatic deterioration and relatively cold and dry conditions. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 2020 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103111 Global and Planetary Change 186 Elsevier B.V. Alfred Wegener Institute, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher 49a, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Paleontology, Malteserstr. 74-100, Building D, Berlin, 12249, Germany Deterioration; Ecosystems; Forestry; Lakes; Mammals, Coniferous forests; Environmental change; Marine isotope stages; Mid-Pliocene; Pollen; Russian Arctic; Vegetation change; Vegetation history, Vegetation, environmental change; fungus; grazing; Pliocene; pollen; vegetation history, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation, Abies; Fungi; Larix; Mammalia; Picea; Pseudotsuga; Pseudotsuga menziesii; Sphagnum https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077502507&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2019.103111&partnerID=40&md5=abcbde225ff0ddcc809ccb56fd56e40b cited By 4 A.A. Andreev P.E. Tarasov V. Wennrich M. Melles article Dietze2020799 Landscapes in high northern latitudes are assumed to be highly sensitive to future global change, but the rates and long-term trajectories of changes are rather uncertain. In the boreal zone, fires are an important factor in climate-vegetation interactions and biogeochemical cycles. Fire regimes are characterized by small, frequent, lowintensity fires within summergreen boreal forests dominated by larch, whereas evergreen boreal forests dominated by spruce and pine burn large areas less frequently but at higher intensities. Here, we explore the potential of the monosaccharide anhydrides (MA) levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan to serve as proxies of low-intensity biomass burning in glacial-to-interglacial lake sediments from the high northern latitudes. We use sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (cores PG 1351 and ICDP 5011-1), located in the far northeast of Russia, and study glacial and interglacial samples of the last 430 kyr (marine isotope stages 5e, 6, 7e, 8, 11c and 12) that had different climate and biome configurations. Combined with pollen and non-pollen palynomorph records from the same samples, we assess how far the modern relationships between fire, climate and vegetation persisted during the past, on orbital to centennial timescales. We find that MAs attached to particulates were well-preserved in up to 430 kyr old sediments with higher influxes from low-intensity biomass burning in interglacials compared to glacials. MA influxes significantly increase when summergreen boreal forest spreads closer to the lake, whereas they decrease when tundra-steppe environments and, especially, Sphagnum peatlands spread. This suggests that lowtemperature fires are a typical characteristic of Siberian larch forests also on long timescales. The results also suggest that low-intensity fires would be reduced by vegetation shifts towards very dry environments due to reduced biomass availability, as well as by shifts towards peatlands, which limits fuel dryness. In addition, we observed very low MA ratios, which we interpret as high contributions of galactosan and mannosan from biomass sources other than those currently monitored, such as the moss-lichen mats in the understorey of the summergreen boreal forest. Overall, sedimentary MAs can provide a powerful proxy for fire regime reconstructions and extend our knowledge of long-term natural fire-climate-vegetation feedbacks in the high northern latitudes. © Author(s) 2020. 2020 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-16-799-2020 Climate of the Past 16 Copernicus GmbH 799-818 Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Organic Geochemistry, Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Street 4/5, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands; GFZ, German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Geomorphology, Surface Organic Geochemistry Lab, Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Germany; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zülpicher Str. 49a, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, Germany 2 biomass burning; boreal forest; Boreal Kingdom; climate feedback; evergreen forest; fire; global change; interglacial; lacustrine deposit; late glacial; long-term change; low temperature; monosaccharide; paleoclimate; proxy climate record; reconstruction; vegetation history, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Russian Federation; Siberia, Bryophyta; Larix; Picea; Sphagnum https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084609944&doi=10.5194%2fcp-16-799-2020&partnerID=40&md5=036b51e1b3223a01a53e4b1f98468399 cited By 10 E. Dietze K. Mangelsdorf A. Andreev C. Karger L.T. Schreuder E.C. Hopmans O. Rach D. Sachse V. Wennrich U. Herzschuh article Gurov20192532 Remnants of paleoflora were discovered in impact melt rocks from the El'gygytgyn crater, Chukotka, Russia. El'gygytgyn is a 3.58 Ma, 18 km diameter impact structure in Chukotka, northeastern Russia. A circular crater basin is surrounded by an uplifted rim. The crater floor is occupied by the El'gygytgyn Lake, 12 km in diameter, surrounded by lacustrine terraces up to 80 m in height. Impactites found at the El'gygytgyn crater include impact melt rocks, glass bombs, and shock metamorphosed volcanic rocks. Most impact melt rocks occur only in redeposited state in the terrace lake deposits. Floral remnants were discovered in impact melt rocks from various locations in the terrace deposits. The floral remnants include fragments of leaves, cell tissue, and undetermined organic matter that occur in vesicles within glassy melt rocks and impact melt breccias. After the discovery of floral remnants in impact melt breccias from upper Miocene strata in Argentina, and the description of floral imprints in the Dakhleh Glass of proposed impact origin in Egypt, the detection of paleoflora remnants in impact melt rocks of the El'gygytgyn structure is the first such occurrence in a confirmed impact crater on Earth. © 2019 The Authors. Meteoritics & Planetary Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Meteoritical Society (MET). 2019 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.13241 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 54 University of Arkansas 2532-2540 Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Gontchara Str., 55b, Kiev, Ukraine; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring, Vienna, A-1010, Austria 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060552517&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.13241&partnerID=40&md5=64fdd3f902f26b8658d4efbde4c03dd4 cited By 3 E.P. Gurov V.V. Permiakov C. Koeberl article Maierhofer20192510 The 3.6 Ma El'gygytgyn impact structure, located in northeast Chukotka in Arctic Russia, was largely formed in acidic volcanic rocks. The 18 km diameter circular depression is today filled with Lake El'gygytgyn (diameter of 12 km) that contains a continuous record of lacustrine sediments of the Arctic from the past 3.6 Myr. In 2009, El'gygytgyn became the focus of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) in which a total of 642.4 m of drill core was recovered. Lithostratigraphically, the drill cores comprise lacustrine sediment sequences, impact breccias, and deformed target rocks. The impactite core was recovered from 316.08 to 517.30 meters below lake floor (mblf). Because of the rare, outstanding recovery, the transition zone, ranging from 311.47 to 317.38 m, between the postimpact lacustrine sediments and the impactite sequences, was studied petrographically and geochemically. The transition layer comprises a mixture of about 6 m of loose sedimentary and volcanic material containing isolated clasts of minerals and melt. Shock metamorphic effects, such as planar fractures (PFs) and planar deformation features (PDFs), were observed in a few quartz grains. The discoveries of silica diaplectic glass hosting coesite, kinked micas and amphibole, lechatelierite, numerous impact melt shards and clasts, and spherules are associated with the impact event. The occurrence of spherules, impact melt clasts, silica diaplectic glass, and lechatelierite, about 1 m below the onset of the transition, marks the beginning of the more coherent impact ejecta layer. The results of siderophile interelement ratios of the transition layer spherules give indications of the relative contribution of the meteoritical component. © 2019 The Authors. Meteoritics & Planetary Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Meteoritical Society (MET). 2019 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.13243 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 54 University of Arkansas 2510-2531 Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, A-1010, Austria; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 10 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062345071&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.13243&partnerID=40&md5=1270385f2b721aa2d39c6456468ab7e7 cited By 1 K. Maierhofer C. Koeberl J. Brigham-Grette article Fedorov2019516 Article 2019 10.1111/bor.12367 Boreas 48 516 – 533 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85058865359&doi=10.1111%2fbor.12367&partnerID=40&md5=e29915a35f4cdc69de06aa7ef7341ea2 Cited by: 8 Grigory Fedorov Andrei A. Andreev Elena Raschke Volker Wennrich Georg Schwamborn Olga Y. Glushkova Olaf Juschus Anja Zander Martin Melles article Zhao2018137 A continuous pollen record from Lake El'gygytgyn (northeastern Russian Arctic) provides detailed information concerning the regional vegetation and climate history during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), between 1091 ka (end of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 32) and 715 ka (end of MIS 18). Pollen-based qualitative vegetation reconstruction along with biome reconstruction indicate that the interglacial regional vegetation history during the MPT is characterized by a gradual replacement of forest and shrub vegetation by open herbaceous communities (i.e. tundra/cold steppe). The pollen spectra reveal seven vegetation successions that have clearly distinguishable glacial-interglacial cycles. These successions are represented by the intervals of cold deciduous forest (CLDE) biome scores changing from high to low, which are basically in phase with the variations of obliquity from maxima to minima. The dominating influence of obliquity forcing on vegetation successions contradicts with the stronger power of eccentricity, as demonstrated by the result of wavelet analysis based on landscape openness reconstruction. This discrepancy shows that a single index is insufficient for catching signals of all the impacting factors. Comparisons with vegetation and environmental changes in the Asian interior suggest that global cooling during the MPT was probably the key force driving long-term aridification in the Arctic region. The accelerated aridification after MIS 24–22 was probably caused by the additional effect of the Tibetan Plateau uplift, which played an important role on intensification of the Siberian High and westerly jet systems. © 2017 Collegium Boreas. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2018 English 03009483 10.1111/bor.12262 Boreas 47 Blackwell Publishing Inc. 137-149 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeonotology Section, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, 12249, Germany; Northeast Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation; Earth and Space Sciences, Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation 1 biome; climate variation; forest; herb; paleoclimate; palynology; Pleistocene; shrub; uplift; vegetation, Arctic; China; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019579600&doi=10.1111%2fbor.12262&partnerID=40&md5=721d59d18886acc78965c03e23c13e2d cited By 13 W. Zhao P.E. Tarasov A.V. Lozhkin P.M. Anderson A.A. Andreev J.A. Korzun M. Melles E.Y. Nedorubova V. Wennrich article Melles201743 Lake Elgygytgyn in the north-eastern Russian Arctic became the target of extensive international site surveys in the late 1990s, with complex geoscientific fieldwork conducted in 1998, 2000, and 2003. The surveys strongly supported the hypothesis that the lake hosts a nearly continuous sediment record, which is highly sensitive to climatic and environmental changes and covers the time since the lake formation by a meteorite impact some 3.6 Ma ago. These promising findings led to deep drilling operations within the scope of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) in 2008 and 2009, during which 141 m of permafrost deposits in the catchment, the 318 m thick lake sediment succession in the lake centre, and about 200 m of impact rocks underneath were drilled. Palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatological research on the Quaternary part of the lake sediment record revealed that full glacial conditions, with mean annual air temperatures at least 3.3 ±0.9 °C lower than today, first commenced at the Pliocene/ Pleistocene boundary 2.6 Ma ago. They gradually increased in frequency from ca. 2.3 to 1.8 Ma, eventually concurring with all global glacials and several stadials. The interglacials at Lake Elgygytgyn significantly differ in intensity. So-called super interglacials irregularly occurred throughout the Quaternary, including Marine Isotope Stages 11.3 and 31, when mean temperatures of the warmest month and annual precipitation were up to 4-5 °C and ~300 mm higher than today, respectively. According to climate modelling these climatic settings cannot in all cases be traced back to orbital forcing or greenhouse gas concentrations. They are, at least partly, the result of other processes and feedbacks in the climate system. A remarkable coincidence of the super interglacials with diatomite layers in the Antarctic ANDRILL 1B record suggests that they were associated with considerable retreats of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ice decay may have caused reductions in Antarctic Bottom Water formation, its transport to the Pacific Ocean, and its upwelling in the north-western Pacific, and potentially increased warm-water intrusions through the Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean. © Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung. All rights reserved. 2017 English 00322490 10.2312/polarforschung.87.1.43 Polarforschung 87 Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung 43-60 University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zölpicher Str. 49a, Cologne, D-50674, Germany 1 climate variation; environmental change; glacial-interglacial cycle; lacustrine deposit; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; paleolimnology; Quaternary, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055843734&doi=10.2312%2fpolarforschung.87.1.43&partnerID=40&md5=c6cba7d5779c380b3a2b9340737c4e33 cited By 0 M. Melles V. Wennrich article Kontny2017162 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of meteorite impacts on magnetic properties including magnetic susceptibility and the Verwey transition of Ti-poor titanomagnetite of volcanic rocks from the 3.6 Ma old El’gygytgyn impact structure located in the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanic belt in north-eastern Russia. The target rocks consist mainly of rhyolite with some andesites, and is a rare example of impact structures within volcanic target rocks on Earth. 27 samples from outside the crater, the crater rim and from the depth interval 316 to 517 m below lake bottom (mblb) of the El’gygytgyn ICDP drilling were studied. A significant decrease of the average specific magnetic susceptibility by around 90% was observed between felsic volcanic rocks from the surface (18.1 × 10-6 m3/kg) and the drill cores from near the crater central uplift (1.9 × 10-6 m3/kg). Ferrimagnetic Fe-Ti oxide assemblages (Verwey transition temperature, TV: -161 to -150°C, Curie temperature, TC: 451 to 581°C), occurring in all studied samples, differ significantly. At the surface titanomaghemite is ubiquitously associated with titanomagnetite. The drill cores lack titanomaghemite, but either show a transformation into titanomagnetite and ilmenite or a strong fragmentation associated with a second TV between -172 and -188°C. Reversible curves of temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility in the suevite indicate high depositional temperatures of at least 500°C. In the polymict and monomict impact breccia mechanical deformation of titanomagnetite and temperatures of at least 200-350°C related to the shock are suggested from temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility cycling. Lowtemperature oxidation along strongly brecciated grain surfaces in titanomagnetite is suggested to cause the lower TV and we suggest that this phenomenon is related to postimpact hydrothermal activity. The strong magnetic susceptibility decrease at El’gygytgyn is mainly influenced by shock, and post-impact hydrothermalism causes a significant additional depletion. These observations explain why magnetic lows are a ubiquitous phenomenon over impact structures. © 2017, Institute of Geophysics of the ASCR, v.v.i. 2017 English 00393169 10.1007/s11200-016-0819-3 Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica 61 Springer Netherlands 162-183 Institute of Applied Geosciences, Division of Structural Geology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany 1 impact structure; magnetic susceptibility; meteorite; oxidation; pressure effect; temperature effect; titanomagnetite; volcanic rock, Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994731819&doi=10.1007%2fs11200-016-0819-3&partnerID=40&md5=9b78d3b5833fab125ab79b0a12d7de76 cited By 13 A. Kontny L. Grothaus article Keisling2017136 The Pliocene epoch represents an analog for future climate, with atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and continental configurations similar to present. Although the presence of multiple positive feedbacks in polar regions leads to amplified climatic changes, conditions in the Pliocene terrestrial Arctic are poorly characterized. High latitude sedimentary records indicate that dramatic glacial advance and decay occurred in the Pliocene Arctic, with attendant effects on global sea-level. Understanding these deposits and their implications for Earth's future requires developing a sense of climatic evolution across the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition and during the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (iNHG) ∼2.7 million yr ago (Ma). Here we reconstruct Arctic terrestrial environmental change from 2.82–2.41 Ma (Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) G10–95) using the distribution of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) and the isotopic composition of plant leaf waxes (δDwax) in a sedimentary archive from Lake El'gygytgyn, Northeast Russia. Our records reveal changes in proxy behavior across this interval that we attribute to changing boundary conditions, including sea level, sea ice, vegetation and pCO2 during different MISs. We find that brGDGT temperatures and δDwax are decoupled for most of the record, although both show an increasing range of glacial–interglacial variability following iNHG. δDwax is stable from MIS G10–G4 despite changes in vegetation and temperature, suggesting different sources or pathways for moisture to Lake El'gygytgyn during the Late Pliocene. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2017 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.058 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 457 Elsevier B.V. 136-148 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 233 Morrill Science Center, 611 North Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01002, United States Atmospheric chemistry; Carbon dioxide; Climate change; Glycerol; Isotopes; Lakes; Paraffins; Sea ice; Sea level; Sedimentology; Vegetation, arctic; branched GDGT; Hydrogen isotope; Northern hemisphere glaciations; Palaeoclimate; Pliocene, Glacial geology, alkane; glaciation; hydrogen isotope; hydrological change; Northern Hemisphere; paleoclimate; Pliocene; temperature, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995739641&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2016.09.058&partnerID=40&md5=df9aefff5999583d46cc5fb8ca4688ba cited By 13 B.A. Keisling I.S. Castañeda J. Brigham-Grette article Lozhkin20171 Article 2017 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2017.06.004 Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 246 1 – 13 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020948133&doi=10.1016%2fj.revpalbo.2017.06.004&partnerID=40&md5=a402c75d43aced9ba3b27d8a6592db78 Cited by: 9 Anatoly V. Lozhkin Pavel S. Minyuk Patricia M. Anderson Ekaterina Yu. Nedorubova Julya V. Korzun article deWet201656 Previous periods of extreme warmth in Earth's history are of great interest in light of current and predicted anthropogenic warming. Numerous so called "super interglacial" intervals, with summer temperatures significantly warmer than today, have been identified in the 3.6 million year (Ma) sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Russia. To date, however, a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction from any of these super interglacials is lacking. Here we present a paleotemperature reconstruction based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) from Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 35 to MIS 29, including super interglacial MIS 31. To investigate this period in detail, samples were analyzed with an unprecedented average sample resolution of 500 yrs from MIS 33 to MIS 30. Our results suggest the entire period currently defined as MIS 33-31 (~1114-1062 kyr BP) was characterized by generally warm and highly variable conditions at the lake, at times out of phase with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, and that cold "glacial" conditions during MIS 32 lasted only a few thousand years. Close similarities are seen with coeval records from high southern latitudes, supporting the suggestion that the interval from MIS 33 to MIS 31 was an exceptionally long interglacial (Teitler et al., 2015). Based on brGDGT temperatures from Lake El'gygytgyn (this study and unpublished results), warming in the western Arctic during MIS 31 was matched only by MIS 11 during the Pleistocene. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.021 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 436 Elsevier 56-63 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States Glacial geology; Glycerol; Isotopes, Arctic; Branched GDGT; Marine isotope stages; Paleoclimatology; Super interglacial, Lakes, interglacial; marine isotope stage; Northern Hemisphere; paleoclimate; paleotemperature; Pleistocene, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953439336&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2015.12.021&partnerID=40&md5=26410fe7f023129281e736e5d911beba cited By 22 G.A. Wet I.S. Castañeda R.M. DeConto J. Brigham-Grette article Herzschuh2016 Broad-scale climate control of vegetation is widely assumed. Vegetation-climate lags are generally thought to have lasted no more than a few centuries. Here our palaeoecological study challenges this concept over glacial-interglacial timescales. Through multivariate analyses of pollen assemblages from Lake El'gygytgyn, Russian Far East and other data we show that interglacial vegetation during the Plio-Pleistocene transition mainly reflects conditions of the preceding glacial instead of contemporary interglacial climate. Vegetation-climate disequilibrium may persist for several millennia, related to the combined effects of permafrost persistence, distant glacial refugia and fire. In contrast, no effects from the preceding interglacial on glacial vegetation are detected. We propose that disequilibrium was stronger during the Plio-Pleistocene transition than during the Mid-Pliocene Warm Period when, in addition to climate, herbivory was important. By analogy to the past, we suggest today's widespread larch ecosystem on permafrost is not in climate equilibrium. Vegetation-based reconstructions of interglacial climates used to assess atmospheric CO 2-Temperature relationships may thus yield misleading simulations of past global climate sensitivity. 2016 English 20411723 10.1038/ncomms11967 Nature Communications 7 Nature Publishing Group Periglacial Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegraphenberg A43, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, 14479, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Postboks 7803, Bergen, 5020, Norway; Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway; Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Köln Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9297, United States atmospheric gas; climate change; detection method; disequilibrium; glacier dynamics; historical record; interglacial; paleoclimate; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; permafrost; Pliocene; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; reconstruction; vegetation dynamics, ecosystem; Far East; global climate; herbivory; interglacial; Larix; multivariate analysis; permafrost; Pleistocene; Pliocene; refugium; vegetation, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Far East; Russian Far East; Russian Federation, Larix https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84976370863&doi=10.1038%2fncomms11967&partnerID=40&md5=a59dee9aaff646ffa2efd215156e9c6d cited By 53 U. Herzschuh H.J.B. Birks T. Laepple A. Andreev M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette article Wennrich2016221 Lake El'gygytgyn in Far East Russia is a 3.6 Myr old impact crater lake. Located in an area that has never been affected by Cenozoic glaciations nor desiccation, the unique sediment record of the lake represents the longest continuous sediment archive of the terrestrial Arctic. The surrounding crater is the only impact structure on Earth developed in mostly acid volcanic rocks. Recent studies on the impactite, permafrost, and sediment sequences recovered within the framework of the ICDP “El'gygytgyn Drilling Project” and multiple pre-site surveys yielded new insight into the bedrock origin and cratering processes as well as permafrost dynamics and the climate and environmental history of the terrestrial Arctic back to the mid-Pliocene. Results from the impact rock section recovered during the deep drilling clearly confirm the impact genesis of the El'gygytgyn crater, but indicate an only very reduced fallback impactite sequence without larger coherent melt bodies. Isotope and element data of impact melt samples indicate a F-type asteroid of mixed composition or an ordinary chondrite as the likely impactor. The impact event caused a long-lasting hydrothermal activity in the crater that is assumed to have persisted for c. 300 kyr. Geochemical and microbial analyses of the permafrost core indicate a subaquatic formation of the lower part during lake-level highstand, but a subaerial genesis of the upper part after a lake-level drop after the Allerød. The isotope signal and ion compositions of ground ice is overprinted by several thaw-freeze cycles due to variations in the talik underneath the lake. Modeling results suggest a modern permafrost thickness in the crater of c. 340 m, and further confirm a pervasive character of the talik below Lake El'gygytgyn. The lake sediment sequences shed new leight into the Pliocene and Pleistocene climate and environmental evolution of the Arctic. During the mid-Pliocene, significantly warmer and wetter climatic conditions in western Beringia than today enabled dense boreal forests to grow around Lake El'gygytgyn and, in combination with a higher nutrient flux into the lake, promoted primary production. The exceptional warmth during the mid-Pliocene is in accordance with other marine and terrestrial records from the Arctic and indicates a period of enhanced “Arctic amplification”. The favourable conditions during the mid-Pliocene were repeatedly interrupted by climate deteriorations, e.g., during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, when pollen data and sediment proxies indicate a major cooling and the onset of local permafrost around the lake. A gradual vegetation change after c. 3.0 Ma points to the onset of a long-term cooling trend during the Late Pliocene that culminated in major temperature drops, first during MIS G6, and later during MIS 104. These cold events coincide with the onset of an intensified Northern Hemisphere (NH) glaciation and the largest extent of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet, respectively. After the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition, local vegetation and primary production in Lake El'gygtygyn experienced a major change from relatively uniform conditions to a high-amplitude glacial-to-interglacial cyclicity that fluctuated on a dominant 41 kyr obliquity band, but changed to a 100 kyr eccentricity dominance during the Middle Pleistocene transition (MPT) at c. 1.2–0.6 Ma. Periods of exceptional warming in the Pleistocene record of Lake El'gygytgyn with dense boreal forests around and peaks of primary production in the lake are assigned to so-called “super-interglacial” periods. The occurrence of these super-interglacials well corresponds to collapses of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) recorded in ice-free periods in the ANDRILL core, which suggests strong intrahemispheric teleconnections presumably driven by changes in the thermocline ocean circulation. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd 2016 English 02773791 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.019 Quaternary Science Reviews 147 Elsevier Ltd 221-244 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Free University Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology Section, Malteser Str. 74-100, Building D, Berlin, 12249, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street 38, St. Petersburg, 199397, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Sciences, 10 Line V.O., 33, St. Petersburg, 199178, Russian Federation; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, Bremerhaven, 27568, Germany; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden; Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-1310, United States; Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street 16, Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria Amplification; Climate change; Drops; Dynamics; Fluorine; Forestry; Glacial geology; Glaciers; Ice; Isotopes; Permafrost; Rock drilling; Sediments; Structural geology; Vegetation; Volcanic rocks, Environmental evolution; Environmental variability; ICDP; Interglacial cyclicity; Interglacials; Mid-Pliocene; Pliocene; West antarctic ice sheets, Lakes, arctic environment; Beringia; climate variation; Cordilleran Ice Sheet; crater lake; environmental change; glacial-interglacial cycle; historical ecology; isotopic analysis; marine isotope stage; nutrient dynamics; paleoenvironment; permafrost; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; vegetation dynamics; warming, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962862643&doi=10.1016%2fj.quascirev.2016.03.019&partnerID=40&md5=bd2549582e59f23be42b025c3520ad5f cited By 23 V. Wennrich A.A. Andreev P.E. Tarasov G. Fedorov W. Zhao C.A. Gebhardt C. Meyer-Jacob J.A. Snyder N.R. Nowaczyk G. Schwamborn B. Chapligin P.M. Anderson A.V. Lozhkin P.S. Minyuk C. Koeberl M. Melles article Andreev2016245 The sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30′N, 172°05′E) spans the past 3.6 Ma and provides unique opportunities for qualitative and quantitative reconstructions of the regional paleoenvironmental history of the terrestrial Arctic. Millennial-scale pollen studies of the sediments that accumulated during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene (ca. 2.7 to 2.5 Ma) demonstrate orbitally-driven vegetation and climate changes during this transitional interval. Pollen spectra show a significant vegetation shift at the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary that is, however, delayed by a few thousand years compared to lacustrine response. About 2.70–2.68 Ma the vegetation at Lake El'gygytgyn, currently a tundra area was mostly dominated by larch forests with some shrub pine, shrub alder and dwarf birch in understory. During the marine isotope stages G3 and G1, ca. 2.665–2.647 and 2.625–2.617 Ma, some spruce trees grew in the local larch-pine forests, pointing to relatively warm climate conditions. At the beginning of the Pleistocene, around 2.588 Ma, a prominent climatic deterioration led to a change from larch-dominated forests to predominantly treeless steppe- and tundra-like habitats. Between ca. 2.56–2.53 Ma some climate amelioration is reflected by the higher presence of coniferous taxa (mostly pine and larch, but probably also spruce) in the area. After 2.53 Ma a relatively cold and dry climate became dominant again, leading to open steppe-like and shrubby environments followed by climate amelioration between ca. 2.510 and 2.495 Ma, when pollen assemblages show that larch forests with dwarf birch and shrub alder still grew in the lake's vicinity. Increased contents of green algae colonies (Botryococcus) remains and Zygnema cysts around 2.691–2.689, 2.679–2.677, 2.601–2.594, 2.564–2.545, and 2.532–2.510 Ma suggest a spread of shallow-water environments most likely due to a lake-level lowering. These events occurred simultaneously with dry climate conditions inferred from broad distribution of steppe habitats with Artemisia and other herbs. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd 2016 English 02773791 10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.03.030 Quaternary Science Reviews 147 Elsevier Ltd 245-258 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Free University Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology, Malteserstr. 74-100, Building D, Berlin, 12249, Germany Algae; Climate change; Ecosystems; Forestry; Vegetation, Early pleistocene; Marine isotope stages; North-easter Russian Arctic; Pliocene; Pollen assemblage; Pollen record; Shallow water environment; Vegetation change, Lakes, climate variation; coniferous tree; fossil record; herb; lacustrine deposit; lake level; marine isotope stage; paleobotany; paleoenvironment; palynology; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; shrub; vegetation dynamics, Arctic; Russian Federation, Alnus; Artemisia; Betula nana; Botryococcus; Chlorophyta; Larix; Picea; Zygnema https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84970016781&doi=10.1016%2fj.quascirev.2016.03.030&partnerID=40&md5=63865b8829853a165c872bd5ce58dcf0 cited By 19 A.A. Andreev P.E. Tarasov V. Wennrich M. Melles article Heise201611 In clinical trials investigating human health and in the analysis of microbial communities in cultures and natural environments, it is a substantial challenge to differentiate between living, potentially active communities and dead cells. The DNA-intercalating dye propidium monoazide (PMA) enables the selective masking of DNA from dead, membrane-compromised cells immediately before DNA extraction. In the present study, we evaluated for the first time a PMA treatment for methanogenic archaea in cultures and particle-rich environmental samples. Using microscopic analyses, we confirmed the applicability of the LIVE/DEAD® BacLight™ kit to methanogenic archaea and demonstrated the maintenance of intact cell membranes of methanogens in the presence of PMA. Although strain-specific differences in the efficiency of PMA treatment to methanogenic archaea were observed, we developed an optimal procedure using 130μM PMA and 5min of photo-activation with blue LED light. The results showed that the effectiveness of the PMA treatment strongly depends on the texture of the sediment/soil: silt and clay-rich sediments represent a challenge at all concentrations, whereas successful suppression of DNA from dead cells with compromised membranes was possible for low particle loads of sandy soil (total suspended solids (TSS)≤200mgmL-1). Conclusively, we present two strategies to overcome the problem of insufficient light activation of PMA caused by the turbidity effect (shielding) in particle-rich environmental samples by (i) dilution of the particle-rich sample and (ii) detachment of the cells and the free DNA from the sediment prior to a PMA treatment. Both strategies promise to be usable options for distinguishing living cells and free DNA in complex environmental samples. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 01677012 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.12.002 Journal of Microbiological Methods 121 Elsevier 11-23 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Department of Environmental Microbiology, Technical University Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin, 10587, Germany DNA; dye; propidium monoazide; unclassified drug; azide; bacterial DNA; humic substance; intercalating agent; propidium iodide; propidium monoazide; soil, Article; bacterial strain; cell membrane; cell viability; clay rich sediment; controlled study; culture technique; denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; diagnostic kit; environment; feasibility study; fluorescence; humic substance; led light; light; membrane permeability; methanogenic archaeon; microscopy; nonhuman; particle rich environmental sample; particle size; photoactivation; polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; quantitative analysis; sandy soil; sediment; silt sediment; soil texture; suspended particulate matter; turbidity; analogs and derivatives; analysis; chemistry; classification; drug effects; Euryarchaeota; fluorescence microscopy; genetics; humic substance; isolation and purification; microbial viability; microbiological examination; microbiology; procedures; soil, Azides; Bacteriological Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Environmental Microbiology; Euryarchaeota; Humic Substances; Intercalating Agents; Microbial Viability; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Propidium; Soil; Soil Microbiology https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949685292&doi=10.1016%2fj.mimet.2015.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=cf17d2211c9c8dff6845599c6bf42b6c cited By 25 J. Heise M. Nega M. Alawi D. Wagner article Wilke2016118 Sedimentary sequences in ancient or long-lived lakes can reach several thousands of meters in thickness and often provide an unrivalled perspective of the lake's regional climatic, environmental, and biological history. Over the last few years, deep-drilling projects in ancient lakes became increasingly multi- and interdisciplinary, as, among others, seismological, sedimentological, biogeochemical, climatic, environmental, paleontological, and evolutionary information can be obtained from sediment cores. However, these multi- and interdisciplinary projects pose several challenges. The scientists involved typically approach problems from different scientific perspectives and backgrounds, and setting up the program requires clear communication and the alignment of interests. One of the most challenging tasks, besides the actual drilling operation, is to link diverse datasets with varying resolution, data quality, and age uncertainties to answer interdisciplinary questions synthetically and coherently. These problems are especially relevant when secondary data, i.e., datasets obtained independently of the drilling operation, are incorporated in analyses. Nonetheless, the inclusion of secondary information, such as isotopic data from fossils found in outcrops or genetic data from extant species, may help to achieve synthetic answers. Recent technological and methodological advances in paleolimnology are likely to increase the possibilities of integrating secondary information. Some of the new approaches have started to revolutionize scientific drilling in ancient lakes, but at the same time, they also add a new layer of complexity to the generation and analysis of sediment-core data. The enhanced opportunities presented by new scientific approaches to study the paleolimnological history of these lakes, therefore, come at the expense of higher logistic, communication, and analytical efforts. Here we review types of data that can be obtained in ancient lake drilling projects and the analytical approaches that can be applied to empirically and statistically link diverse datasets to create an integrative perspective on geological and biological data. In doing so, we highlight strengths and potential weaknesses of new methods and analyses, and provide recommendations for future interdisciplinary deep-drilling projects. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. 2016 English 09218181 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.05.005 Global and Planetary Change 143 Elsevier B.V. 118-151 Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Collaborative Research Center 806 - Our Way to Europe, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Limnology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Geological-Paleontological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Biology, University Ss Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia; Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; ACS Core Services, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics, Hannover, Germany Biology; Geology; Paleolimnology, Analytical approach; Ancient lakes; Deep drilling; Evolutionary biology; Evolutionary information; Interdisciplinary project; Methodology; Sedimentary sequence, Lakes, biological survey; core analysis; data quality; deep drilling; evolutionary biology; fossil record; geological theory; integrated approach; lacustrine environment; outcrop; paleolimnology; technological change https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84975523752&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2016.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=65b5fcf6cccc099d292cd51ee6749ff8 cited By 26 T. Wilke B. Wagner B. Van Bocxlaer C. Albrecht D. Ariztegui D. Delicado A. Francke M. Harzhauser T. Hauffe J. Holtvoeth J. Just M.J. Leng Z. Levkov K. Penkman L. Sadori A. Skinner B. Stelbrink H. Vogel F. Wesselingh T. Wonik article Wegner20162347 Article 2016 10.1111/maps.12731 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 51 2347 – 2365 12 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991051789&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12731&partnerID=40&md5=827eb8005b6736ce25e6c58b13862df5 Cited by: 2; All Open Access, Bronze Open Access Wencke Wegner Christian Koeberl article Kruse2016101 Siberian boreal forests are expected to expand northwards in the course of global warming. However, processes of the treeline ecotone transition, as well astiming and related climate feedbacks are still not understood. Here, we present ‘Larix Vegetation Simulator’ LAVESI, an individual-based spatially-explicit model that can simulate Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. stand dynamics in an attempt to improve our understanding about past and future treeline movements under changing climates. The relevant processes (growth, seed production and dispersal, establishment and mortality) are incorporated and adjusted to observation data mainly gained from the literature. Results of a local sensitivity analysis support the robustness of the model's parameterization by giving relatively small sensitivity values. We tested the model by simulating tree stands under modern climate across the whole Taymyr Peninsula, north-central Siberia (c. 64–80° N; 92–119° E). We find tree densities similar to observed forests in the northern to mid-treeline areas, but densities are overestimated in the southern parts of the simulated region. Finally, from a temperature-forcing experiment, we detect that the responses of tree stands lag the hypothetical warming by several decades, until the end of 21st century. With our simulation experiments we demonstrate that the newly-developed model captures the dynamics of the Siberian latitudinal treeline. © 2016 2016 English 03043800 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.08.003 Ecological Modelling 338 Elsevier B.V. 101-121 Department of Periglacial Research, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam, D-14473, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, D-14476, Germany; ZALF, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, MünchebergD-15374, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, D-14195, Germany Climate models; Dynamics; Ecology; Global warming; Sensitivity analysis, Forest change; Individual based model; Larix gmelinii; Local sensitivity analysis; Model description; Sensitivity values; Spatially explicit modeling; Time-lag effect, Forestry, boreal forest; climate change; climate effect; coniferous forest; ecological modeling; ecotone; experimental study; forest ecosystem; global warming; literature review; permafrost; sensitivity analysis; treeline; twenty first century, Krasnoyarsk [Russian Federation]; Russian Federation; Siberia; Taymyr Peninsula, Larix; Larix gmelinii https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84982124884&doi=10.1016%2fj.ecolmodel.2016.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=b399d76eff4e75554604c1bc270c6251 cited By 28 S. Kruse M. Wieczorek F. Jeltsch U. Herzschuh article Zhao2015167 The 318-m-thick sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn provides unique opportunities for a detailed examination of environmental changes during the Réunion Subchron polarity reversal event (2.1384-2.1216. Myr. BP) in the northeastern Russian Arctic. The paper describes vegetation and climate fluctuations between ~. 2.15 and 2.10. Myr. BP as inferred from palynological data. Biome reconstructions indicate that throughout this interval the tundra (TUND) biome generally has higher affinity scores as compared to cold steppe (STEP) or cold deciduous forest (CLDE). An exception is the climatic optimum between ~. 2.139 and 2.131. Myr. BP, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage 81 (approximately the Réunion Subchron), when the CLDE biome has the highest scores. Landscape-openness indices suggest that more closed vegetation characterized most of the interval between 2.146 and 2.127. Myr. BP, when deciduous forest and shrubs expanded in the regional vegetation and climate was relatively warm and wet. Peaks in green algal colonies (Botryococcus) and Zygnema-type spores ~. 2.150-2.146, ~. 2.131-2.123, and ~. 2.112-2.102. Myr. BP indicate expansions of shallow-water habitats and lowered lake levels. Comparisons with biome reconstructions from other interglacial intervals at Lake El'gygytgyn suggest that precession-related summer insolation intensity and obliquity-related duration of summer daylight are major controls on the onset of interglaciations, whereas obliquity probably plays a more significant role on vegetation succession at northern high latitudes during the Pleistocene. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. 2015 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.047 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 436 Elsevier 167-177 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russian Federation; Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology Section, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstrae 74-100, Building D, Berlin, 12249, Germany; Earth and Space Sciences, Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Northeast Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation biome; climate variation; environmental change; interglacial; lake ecosystem; paleoclimate; paleoecology; paleoenvironment; palynology; Pleistocene; regional pattern; succession; vegetation history; deciduous forest; green alga; marine isotope stage; orbital forcing; precession; reconstruction; steppe, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Mascarene Islands; Reunion; Russian Federation; Arctic https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937891650&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2015.06.047&partnerID=40&md5=68dc8935b60b6b67955f8956e8e21e6f cited By 11 W.W. Zhao A.A. Andreev V. Wennrich P.E. Tarasov P. Anderson A.V. Lozhkin M. Melles article Raschke20151071 The complex impact structure El'gygytgyn (age 3.6 Ma, diameter 18 km) in northeastern Russia was formed in ~88 Ma old volcanic target rocks of the Ochotsk-Chukotsky Volcanic Belt (OCVB). In 2009, El'gygytgyn was the target of a drilling project of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), and in summer 2011 it was investigated further by a Russian-German expedition. Drill core material and surface samples, including volcanic target rocks and impactites, have been investigated by various geochemical techniques in order to improve the record of trace element characteristics for these lithologies and to attempt to detect and constrain a possible meteoritic component. The bedrock units of the ICDP drill core reflect the felsic volcanics that are predominant in the crater vicinity. The overlying suevites comprise a mixture of all currently known target lithologies, dominated by felsic rocks but lacking a discernable meteoritic component based on platinum group element abundances. The reworked suevite, directly overlain by lake sediments, is not only comparatively enriched in shocked minerals and impact glass spherules, but also contains the highest concentrations of Os, Ir, Ru, and Rh compared to other El'gygytgyn impactites. This is-to a lesser extent-the result of admixture of a mafic component, but more likely the signature of a chondritic meteoritic component. However, the highly siderophile element contribution from target material akin to the mafic blocks of the ICDP drill core to the impactites remains poorly constrained. © The Meteoritical Society, 2015. 2015 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12455 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 50 University of Arkansas 1071-1088 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Malteser Str. 74-100, Berlin, 12249, Germany; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3YE, United Kingdom; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany; Department of Lithospheric Research, Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929936606&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12455&partnerID=40&md5=1f3879ae428bc3dd6423f292ec950220 cited By 3 U. Raschke R.T. Schmitt I. Mcdonald W.U. Reimold D. Mader C. Koeberl article Coletti2015979 Until now, the lack of time-continuous, terrestrial paleoenvironmental data from the Pleistocene Arctic has made model simulations of past interglacials difficult to assess. Here, we compare climate simulations of four warm interglacials at Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 1 (9 ka), 5e (127 ka), 11c (409 ka) and 31 (1072 ka) with new proxy climate data recovered from Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia. Climate reconstructions of the mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWM) indicate conditions up to 0.4, 2.1, 0.5 and 3.1 °C warmer than today during MIS 1, 5e, 11c and 31, respectively. While the climate model captures much of the observed warming during each interglacial, largely in response to boreal summer (JJA) orbital forcing, the extraordinary warmth of MIS 11c compared to the other interglacials in the Lake El'gygytgyn temperature proxy reconstructions remains difficult to explain. To deconvolve the contribution of multiple influences on interglacial warming at Lake El'gygytgyn, we isolated the influence of vegetation, sea ice and circum-Arctic land ice feedbacks on the modeled climate of the Beringian interior. Simulations accounting for climate-vegetation-land-surface feedbacks during all four interglacials show expanding boreal forest cover with increasing summer insolation intensity. A deglaciated Greenland is shown to have a minimal effect on northeast Asian temperature during the warmth of stages 11c and 31 (Melles et al., 2012). A prescribed enhancement of oceanic heat transport into the Arctic Ocean does have some effect on Lake El'gygytgyn's regional climate, but the exceptional warmth of MIS l1c remains enigmatic compared to the modest orbital and greenhouse gas forcing during that interglacial. © Author(s) 2015. 2015 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-11-979-2015 Climate of the Past 11 Copernicus GmbH 979-989 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 49a, Cologne, 50674, Germany 7 boreal forest; climate forcing; climate modeling; greenhouse gas; heat transfer; lake ecosystem; land surface; marine isotope stage; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; Pleistocene; proxy climate record, Arctic Ocean; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937035355&doi=10.5194%2fcp-11-979-2015&partnerID=40&md5=d0b89744372ad865594ae5e3488be35c cited By 14 A.J. Coletti R.M. DeConto J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article cp-10-1109-2014 2014 10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014 Climate of the Past 10 1109-1123 3 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/1109/2014/ G. Schwamborn H. Meyer L. Schirrmeister G. Fedorov article cp-10-1041-2014 Ash layers from explosive volcanic eruptions (i.e., tephra) represent isochronous surfaces independent from the environment in which they are deposited and the distance from their source. In comparison to eastern Beringia (nonglaciated Yukon and Alaska), few Plio-Pleistocene distal tephra are known from western Beringia (non-glaciated arctic and subarctic eastern Russia), hindering the dating and correlation of sediments beyond the limit of radiocarbon and luminescence methods. The identification of eight visible tephra layers (T0-T7) in sediment cores extracted from Lake El'gygytgyn, in the Far East Russian Arctic, indicates the feasibility of developing a tephrostratigraphic framework for this region. These tephra range in age from ca 45 ky to 2.2My old, and each is described and characterized by its major-, minor-, trace-element and Pb isotope composition. These data show that subduction-zone-related volcanism from the Kurile-Kamchatka-Aleutian Arc and Alaska Peninsula is the most likely source, with Pb isotope data indicating a Kamchatkan volcanic source for tephra layers T0-T5 and T7, while a source in the Aleutian Arc is possible for tephra T6. The location of Lake El'gygytgyn relative to potential source volcanoes (>1000 km) suggests these tephra are regionally distributed over a large area. These deposits provide a unique opportunity to correlate the highresolution paleoenvironmental records of Lake El'gygytgyn to other terrestrial paleoenvironmental archives from western Beringia and marine records from the western North Pacific and Bering Sea, and to move towards the development of a robust integrated framework between the continuous paleoclimatic records of Lake El'gygytgyn and other terrestrial and marine records in NE Eurasia. © Author(s) 2014. 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-1041-2014 Climate of the Past 10 European Geosciences Union 1041-1062 GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Llandinam Building, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DB, United Kingdom; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation; University of Cologne, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, Cologne, Germany; School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom 3 Beringia; chronostratigraphy; core analysis; explosive volcanism; lead isotope; luminescence; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; Pleistocene; Pliocene; tephra; tephrochronology; volcanic ash; volcanic eruption, Alaska; Aleutian Islands; Arctic; Bering Sea; Canada; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Kamchatka; Kuril Islands; Pacific Ocean; Pacific Ocean (Northwest); Russian Far East; Russian Federation; Sakhalin; United States; Yukon Territory https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/1041/2014/ cited By 11 C. Bogaard B. J. L. Jensen N. J. G. Pearce D. G. Froese M. V. Portnyagin V. V. Ponomareva V. Wennrich article Raschke2014978 El'gygytgyn is a 3.6 Ma, 18 km diameter, impact crater formed in an approximately 88 Ma old volcanic target in Northeast Siberia. The structure has been the subject of a recent ICDP drilling project. In parallel to those efforts, a Russian-German expedition was undertaken in summer 2011 to investigate the permafrost soil, lake terraces, and the volcanic rocks of the southern and eastern crater rim. This provided the unique opportunity for mapping and sampling of the volcanic target rocks around a large part of this complex impact structure. Samples from 43 outcrops were collected and analyzed petrographically and geochemically. The results were combined with earlier mapping outcomes to create a new geological map of this impact structure and its immediate environs, at the scale of 1:50,000. Compositions of our rock suites are compared with the lithologies of the 2009 ICDP drill core. The ignimbrite described as lower bedrock in the ICDP drill core shows petrographically and chemically strong similarities to the rhyolitic and rhyodacitic ignimbrites observed on surface. The suevite sequence exposed in the ICDP drill core is a mixture of all observed target rocks at their respective proportions in the area. In contrast to previous studies, the calculated average target composition of El'gygytgyn takes the contribution of the basic target rocks into consideration: mafic and intermediate rocks approximately 7.5%, and felsic rocks approximately 92.5%. © The Meteoritical Society, 2014. 2014 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12306 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 49 University of Arkansas 978-1006 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902269191&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12306&partnerID=40&md5=1130e940216cb8edfc9d05071c27e569 cited By 6 U. Raschke P.T. Zaag R.T. Schmitt W.U. Reimold article cp-10-1381-2014 The 3.6 Ma sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn/NE Russia, Far East Russian Arctic, represents the longest continuous climate archive of the terrestrial Arctic. Its elemental composition as determined by X-ray fluorescence scanning exhibits significant changes since the mid-Pliocene caused by climate-driven variations in primary production, postdepositional diagenetic processes, and lake circulation as well as weathering processes in its catchment. <br><br> During the mid-to late Pliocene, warmer and wetter climatic conditions are reflected by elevated Si/Ti ratios, indicating enhanced diatom production in the lake. Prior to 3.3 Ma, this signal is overprinted by intensified detrital input from the catchment, visible in maxima of clastic-related proxies, such as K. In addition, calcite formation in the early lake history points to enhanced Ca flux into the lake caused by intensified weathering in the catchment. A lack of calcite deposition after ca. 3.3 Ma is linked to the development of permafrost in the region triggered by cooling in the mid-Pliocene. After ca. 3.0 Ma the elemental data suggest a gradual transition to Pleistocene-style glacial-interglacial cyclicity. In the early Pleistocene, the cyclicity was first dominated by variations on the 41 kyr obliquity band but experienced a change to a 100 kyr eccentricity dominance during the middle Pleistocene transition (MPT) at ca. 1.2-0.6 Ma. This clearly demonstrates the sensitivity of the Lake El'gygytgyn record to orbital forcing. A successive decrease of the baseline levels of the redox-sensitive Mn/Fe ratio and magnetic susceptibility between 2.3 and 1.8 Ma reflects an overall change in the bottom-water oxygenation due to an intensified occurrence of pervasive glacial episodes in the early Pleistocene. The coincidence with major changes in the North Pacific and Bering Sea paleoceanography at ca. 1.8 Ma implies that the change in lake hydrology was caused by a regional cooling in the North Pacific and the western Beringian landmass and/or changes in the continentality. Further increases in total organic carbon and total nitrogen content after ca. 1.6 Ma are attributed to reduced organic matter decay in the sediment during prolonged anoxic periods. This points to more extensive periods of perennial ice coverage, and thus, to a progressive shifts towards more intense peak glacial periods. In the course of the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial sequence eight so-called "super-interglacials" occur. Their exceptionally warm conditions are reflected by extreme Si/Ti peaks accompanied by lows in Ti, K, and Fe, thus indicating extraordinary high lake productivity. © 2014 Author(s). 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-1381-2014 Climate of the Past 10 Copernicus GmbH 1381-1399 University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Cologne, Germany; Russian Academy of Sciences, Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Magadan, Russian Federation; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany; University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, United States 4 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/1381/2014/ cited By 44 V. Wennrich P. S. Minyuk V. Borkhodoev A. Francke B. Ritter N. R. Nowaczyk M. A. Sauerbrey J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article Schwamborn20141109 The continuous sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn in the northeastern Eurasian Arctic spans the last 3.6 Ma and for much of this time permafrost dynamics and lake level changes have likely played a crucial role for sediment delivery to the lake. Changes in the ground-ice hydrochemical composition (δ18O, δD, pH, electrical conductivity, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4-) of a 141 m long permafrost record from the western crater plain are examined to reconstruct repeated periods of freeze and thaw at the lake edge. Stable water isotope and major ion records of ground ice in the permafrost reflect both a synsedimentary palaeo-precipitation signal preserved in the near-surface permafrost (0.0-9.1 m core depth) and a post-depositional record of thawing and refreezing in deeper layers of the core (9.1-141.0 m core depth). These lake marginal permafrost dynamics were controlled by lake level changes that episodically flooded the surfaces and induced thaw in the underlying frozen ground. During times of lake level fall these layers froze over again. At least three cycles of freeze and thaw are identified and the hydrochemical data point to a vertical and horizontal talik refreezing through time. Past permafrost thaw and freeze may have destabilised the basin slopes of Lake El'gygytgyn and this has probably promoted the release of mass movements from the lake edge to the deeper basin as known from frequently occurring turbidite layers in the lake sediment column. © Author(s) 2014. 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-1109-2014 Climate of the Past 10 Copernicus GmbH 1109-1123 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street 38, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, 10 line V.O., 33, 199178 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 3 data set; freeze-thaw cycle; lacustrine deposit; mass movement; metal; permafrost; precipitation (climatology); sediment analysis; turbidity, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902292845&doi=10.5194%2fcp-10-1109-2014&partnerID=40&md5=3284db02fbf5015f4e2da9f16fb6d44d cited By 8 G. Schwamborn H. Meyer L. Schirrmeister G. Fedorov article Wei20141793 Marine Isotope Stage 11 has been proposed as an analogue for the present interglacial interval; yet, terrestrial climate records from both this region and time interval are rare. The sediments deposited at Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30′N, 172°5′E) in Far East Russia contain a 3·56 Ma record of climate variability. This study presents a high-resolution record of sediment colour change from Marine Isotope Stage 8 to 12 (ca 275 to 475 ka) and demonstrates the link between lake catchment processes and climate variability. The hue colour parameter, calculated from data collected via colour reflectance spectroscopy in the visible spectrum (380 to 720 nm), exhibits correspondence with global climate records. Determining the source of sediment colour changes was achieved through detailed mineralogical and sedimentological methods, and linked to colour changes through a series of colour sensitivity tests. Mineralogical data, measured by X-ray diffraction, reveal fluctuations in concentrations of clay minerals corresponding to colour changes. Further analyses of the clay mineral assemblages show no change in relative clay mineral abundances, yet demonstrate a lake catchment dominated by physical weathering processes. Using measured mineral abundances, reconstructions of sediment colour based on colour reflectance mineral standards link mineral and clay mineral content to overall sediment colour. Colour sensitivity tests demonstrate the ability of iron oxide minerals to stain sediments red. Additionally, colour sensitivity to organic matter content was tested, suggesting that organic content drives variability in the red portion of the spectrum and darkens the overall colour signal. Sediment colour is then ultimately linked to physical weathering of bedrock minerals, with small amounts of chemical weathering producing iron oxides during wet intervals. Fluctuations in the sediment colour reveal a high-resolution record of wet/dry cycles, and provide new information about wet periods for the Russian Arctic region not yet understood from other lake proxy records. © 2014 The Authors. Sedimentology © 2014 International Association of Sedimentologists. 2014 English 00370746 10.1111/sed.12116 Sedimentology 61 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1793-1811 Climate Systems Research Center and Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Section 5.2, Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, C 321, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany 6 Catchments; Climate change; Color; Digital storage; Erosion; Glacial geology; Iron oxides; Isotopes; Lakes; Oxide minerals; Rare earths; Reflection; Runoff; Sediments; Spectroscopy; Weathering, Chemical weathering; Clay mineral assemblages; Clay mineralogy; High resolution; Marine isotope stages; Organic matter content; Palaeoclimate; Reflectance spectroscopy, Clay minerals https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908501360&doi=10.1111%2fsed.12116&partnerID=40&md5=005988c8fdeeb3ba6a599461388086bb cited By 13 J.H. Wei D.B. Finkelstein J. Brigham-Grette I.S. Castañeda N. Nowaczyk article cp-10-623-2014 Paleomagnetic measurements were performed on sediments drilled from ICDP Site 5011-1 in Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30' N, 172°05' E) located in Far East Russian Arctic. The lake partly fills a crater formed by a meteorite impact 3.58 ± 0.04 Ma ago. Sediments from three parallel cores (5011-1A, 5011-1B and 5011-1C), recovered from the middle part of the lake, yield a total of 355 m of sediment. Sediments are characterized by a variable lithology, where intervals of homogenous and laminated sediments alternate, and mass movement deposits occur frequently along the sediment profile. Mineral magnetic investigation made on sediments enclosed in core catchers suggests that magnetic carrier in these sediments is partly maghemitized Ti-rich pseudo-single domain magnetite. Its detrital origin can be shown by mineral magnetic measurements and SEM-EDS analyses performed on mini-sized cylindrical rock samples, polished rock sections and creek sediments. The intensity of the natural remanent magnetization in the sediments is high with a range from about 1 to 1000 mA mg-1. Most of the sediments carry a stable magnetization interpreted as primary depositional remanent magnetization. Characteristic inclination data show alternating intervals of steep positive and negative inclinations that are used to assign magnetic polarity to the lake sediment profile. This is a rather straightforward procedure owing to the mainly high quality of data. The Matuyama/Gauss (M/G) (2.608 Ma) and Brunhes/Matuyama (B/M) (0.780 Ma) reversals were recognized in the sediments. The Mammoth and Kaena reversed subchrons were identified during the Gauss chron, and the Olduvai and Jaramillo normal subchrons as well as the Réunion and Cobb Mountain cryptochrons were identified during the Matuyama chron. Sediments also provide a record of the Olduvai precursor and Intra-Jaramillo geomagnetic excursions. Sediment deposition rate is highest at the base of the sequence laid down in the early Gauss chron, when the deposition rate is approximately 44 cm kyr-1. Sediment deposition decelerates upcore and it is an order of magnitude lower during the Brunhes chron in comparison with the early Gauss chron. Decrease in sediment deposition in the late Pliocene probably relates to atmospheric and oceanic reorganization heralding the onset of Quaternary climate change. The high-quality magnetostratigraphy reconstructed from Lake El'gygytgyn sediments provides 12 first-order tie points to pin down the age of the longest paleoclimate record from the continental Arctic. © 2014 Author (s). 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-623-2014 Climate of the Past 10 European Geosciences Union 623-642 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; University of Turku, Department of Geography and Geology, Section of Geology, 20014 Turku, Finland 2 climate variation; crater; deposition; lacustrine deposit; lamination; magnetite; magnetostratigraphy; mass movement; paleoclimate; paleomagnetism; Pliocene; proxy climate record; remanent magnetization; scanning electron microscopy; sediment core, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Far East; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/623/2014/ cited By 16 E. M. Haltia N. R. Nowaczyk article cp-10-1017-2014 The 318m thick lacustrine sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Russian Arctic cored by the international El'gygytgyn Drilling Project provides unique opportunities for the time-continuous reconstruction of the regional paleoenvironmental history for the past 3.6 Myr. Pollen studies of the lower 216m of the lacustrine sediments demonstrate their value as an excellent archive of vegetation and climate changes during the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. About 3.5-3.35 Myr BP, the vegetation at Lake El'gygytgyn, now an area of tundra was dominated by spruce-larch-fir-hemlock forests. After ca. 3.35 Myr BP dark coniferous taxa gradually disappeared. A very pronounced environmental change took place ca. 3.31-3.28 Myr BP, corresponding to the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2, when treeless tundra- and steppe-like habitats became dominant in the regional vegetation. Climate conditions were similar to those of Late Pleistocene cold intervals. Numerous coprophilous fungi spores identified in the pollen samples suggest the presence of grazing animals around the lake. Following the MIS M2 event, larch-pine forests with some spruce mostly dominated the area until ca. 2.6 Myr BP, interrupted by colder and drier intervals ca. 3.043-3.025, 2.935-2.912, and 2.719-2.698 Myr BP. At the beginning of the Pleistocene, ca. 2.6 Myr BP, noticeable climatic deterioration occurred. Forested habitats changed to predominantly treeless and shrubby environments, which reflect a relatively cold and dry climate. Peaks in observed green algae colonies (Botryococcus) around 2.53, 2.45, 2.32-2.305, 2.20 and 2.16-2.15 Myr BP suggest a spread of shallow water environments. A few intervals (i.e., 2.55-2.53, ca. 2.37, and 2.35-2.32 Myr BP) with a higher presence of coniferous taxa (mostly pine and larch) document some relatively shortterm climate ameliorations during Early Pleistocene glacial periods. © Author(s) 2014. 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-1017-2014 Climate of the Past 10 European Geosciences Union 1017-1039 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicherstr. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Free University Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Paleontology Section, Malteserstr. 74-100, Haus D, 12249 Berlin, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering St. 38, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 - Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Str., Amherst, MA 01003, United States 3 climate variation; coniferous forest; glacial history; green alga; lacustrine deposit; marine isotope stage; paleoenvironment; palynology; Pleistocene; Pliocene; reconstruction; sediment analysis; spore; vegetation history, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/1017/2014/ cited By 36 A. A. Andreev P. E. Tarasov V. Wennrich E. Raschke U. Herzschuh N. R. Nowaczyk J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article cp-10-467-2014 2014 10.5194/cp-10-467-2014 Climate of the Past 10 467-485 2 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/467/2014/ P. S. Minyuk V. Y. Borkhodoev V. Wennrich article Minyuk2014467 Geochemical analyses were performed on sediments recovered by deep drilling at Lake El'gygytgyn in central Chukotka, northeastern Russia (67 30' N; 172 05' E). Major and rare element concentrations were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on the &lt; 250 μm fraction from 617 samples dated to ca. 440 and 125 ka, which approximates marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 to 6. The inorganic geochemistry indicates significant variations in elemental composition between glaciations and interglaciations. Interglacial sediments are characterized by high contents of SiO2, Na2O, CaO, K 2O, and Sr and are depleted in Al2O3, Fe2O 3, TiO2, and MgO. An extreme SiO2 enrichment during MIS 11.3 and 9.3 was caused by an enhanced flux of biogenic silica (BSi). The geochemical structure of MIS 11 shows similar characteristics as seen in MIS 11 records from Lake Baikal (southeastern Siberia) and Antarctic ice cores, thereby arguing for the influence of global forcings on these records. High sediment content of TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Al 2O3, LOI, Ni, Cr, and Zr typifies glacial stages, with the most marked increases during MIS 7.4 and 6.6. Reducing conditions during glacial times are indicated by peaks in the Fe2O3 content and coinciding low Fe2O3/MnO ratios. This conclusion also is supported by P2O5 and MnO enrichment, indicating an increased abundance of authigenic, fine-grained vivianite. Elemental ratios (CIA, CIW, PIA, and Rb/Sr) indicate that glacial sediments are depleted in mobile elements, like Na, Ca, K and Sr. This depletion was caused by changes in the sedimentation regime and thus reflects environmental changes. © 2014 Author(s). 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-467-2014 Climate of the Past 10 European Geosciences Union 467-485 North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Magadan, Russian Federation; University of Cologne, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, Cologne, Germany 2 chemical composition; concentration (composition); data set; drilling; environmental change; glacial deposit; glaciation; interglacial; lacustrine deposit; marine isotope stage; sediment chemistry; sedimentation, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Lake Baikal; Russian Federation; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896109828&doi=10.5194%2fcp-10-467-2014&partnerID=40&md5=fd17328c584144539f90a952de7e67f2 cited By 42 P.S. Minyuk V.Y. Borkhodoev V. Wennrich article Bischoff2014107 Microbial permafrost communities play an important role in carbon cycling and greenhouse gas fluxes. Despite the importance of these processes, there is a lack of knowledge about how environmental and climatic changes affect the abundance and composition of microorganisms. Here, we investigated the changing distribution of permafrost microorganisms in response to climate and lake-level changes. The permafrost core was drilled at the near shore of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, and a combined microbiological and lipid biomarker approach was applied. The lower part of the permafrost core, deposited under subaquatic conditions, contains only small amounts of microbial signals; total organic carbon (TOC) content is sparse. After exposure of the site to subaerial conditions during the Allerød, the abundance of Bacteria and Archaea started to increase and the lake-level change is especially evidenced by the relative proportion of archaeal biomarkers. This increase is supported by rising bacterial and archaeal 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene copy numbers and significant amounts of TOC during the late Allerød. After a small decrease during the colder Younger Dryas, the TOC content and the microbial signals strongly increase during the Holocene, presumably stimulated by pedogenesis. The occurrence of intact phospholipids indicates the presence of living microorganisms in these deposits. Our data suggest that methane formation is mainly expected for the subaerial interval, especially the Holocene where methanogens were identified by fingerprinting. This study emphasises the role of the uppermost permafrost deposits as a hotspot of carbon cycling in arctic environments, especially in the light of expected future global warming. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2014 English 10456740 10.1002/ppp.1807 Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 25 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 107-116 Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.3 Organic Geochemistry, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 4.5 Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany; School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom 2 abundance; arctic environment; biomarker; carbon cycle; climate change; Holocene; lake level; methane; microbial community; microbiology; microorganism; pedogenesis; permafrost; phospholipid; RNA; total organic carbon; Younger Dryas, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation, Archaea; Bacteria (microorganisms) https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901920929&doi=10.1002%2fppp.1807&partnerID=40&md5=264deadfd6e8fe84913beb2bfd0d29cd cited By 9 J. Bischoff K. Mangelsdorf G. Schwamborn D. Wagner article cp-10-209-2014 A number of studies have shown that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) can be applied to quantitatively assess lacustrine sediment constituents. In this study, we developed calibration models based on FTIRS for the quantitative determination of biogenic silica (BSi; <i>n</i> Combining double low line 420; gradient: 0.9-56.5%), total organic carbon (TOC; <i>n</i> Combining double low line 309; gradient: 0-2.9%), and total inorganic carbon (TIC; <i>n</i>Combining double low line 152; gradient: 0-0.4%) in a 318 m-long sediment record with a basal age of 3.6 million years from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic. The developed partial least squares (PLS) regression models yield high cross-validated (CV) <i>R</i>2CV Combining double low line 0.86-0.91 and low root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) (3.1-7.0% of the gradient for the different properties). By applying these models to 6771 samples from the entire sediment record, we obtained detailed insight into bioproductivity variations in Lake El'gygytgyn throughout the middle to late Pliocene and Quaternary. High accumulation rates of BSi indicate a productivity maximum during the middle Pliocene (3.6-3.3 Ma), followed by gradually decreasing rates during the late Pliocene and Quaternary. The average BSi accumulation during the middle Pliocene was ∼3 times higher than maximum accumulation rates during the past 1.5 million years. The indicated progressive deterioration of environmental and climatic conditions in the Siberian Arctic starting at ca. 3.3 Ma is consistent with the first occurrence of glacial periods and the finally complete establishment of glacial-interglacial cycles during the Quaternary. ©Author(s) 2014. 2014 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-10-209-2014 Climate of the Past 10 209-220 Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1 + 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany; Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Abisko Scientific Research Station, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden 1 accumulation rate; climate variation; FTIR spectroscopy; glacial-interglacial cycle; paleoclimate; Quaternary; regression analysis, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Far East; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/10/209/2014/ cited By 19 C. Meyer-Jacob H. Vogel A. C. Gebhardt V. Wennrich M. Melles P. Rosen article cp-9-1933-2013 Seismic profiles of Far East Russian Lake El'gygytgyn, formed by a meteorite impact some 3.6 million years ago, show a stratified sediment succession that can be separated into subunits Ia and Ib at approximately 167 m below lake floor (Combining double low line∼3.17 Ma). The upper (Ia) is well-stratified, while the lower is acoustically more massive and discontinuous. The sediments are intercalated with frequent mass movement deposits mainly in the proximal areas, while the distal region is almost free of such deposits at least in the upper part. In spring 2009, a long core drilled in the lake center within the framework of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) penetrated the entire lacustrine sediment succession down to ∼320 m below lake floor and about 200 m farther into the meteorite-impact-related bedrock. Downhole logging data down to 390 m below lake floor show that the bedrock and the lacustrine part differ significantly in their petrophysical characteristics. The contact between the bedrock and the lacustrine sediments is not abrupt, but rather transitional with a variable mixture of impact-altered bedrock clasts in a lacustrine matrix. Physical and chemical proxies measured on the cores can be used to divide the lacustrine part into five different statistical clusters. These can be plotted in a redox-condition vs. input-type diagram, with total organic carbon content and magnetic susceptibility values indicating anoxic or oxic conditions and with the Si/Ti ratio representing more clastic or more biogenic input. Plotting the clusters in this diagram allows identifying clusters that represent glacial phases (cluster I), super interglacials (cluster II), and interglacial phases (clusters III and IV). © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1933-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1933-1947 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz, Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zülpicher Straße 49A, 50674 Cologne, Germany; German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 4 bedrock; biogenic deposit; clastic sediment; diagram; drilling; interglacial; lacustrine deposit; mass movement; meteorite; petrology; physicochemical property; redox conditions, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1933/2013/ cited By 12 A. C. Gebhardt A. Francke J. Kück M. Sauerbrey F. Niessen V. Wennrich M. Melles article Wennrich2013135 Lake El’gygytgyn/NE Russia holds a continuous 3.58 Ma sediment record, which is regarded as the most long-lasting climate archive of the terrestrial Arctic. Based on multi-proxy geochemical, mineralogical, and granulometric analyses of surface sediment, inlet stream and bedrock samples, supplemented by statistical methods, major processes influencing the modern sedimentation in the lake were investigated. Grain-size parameters and chemical elements linked to the input of feldspars from acidic bedrock indicate a wind-induced two-cell current system as major driver of sediment transport and accumulation processes in Lake El’gygytgyn. The distribution of mafic rock related elements in the sediment on the lake floor can be traced back to the input of weathering products of basaltic rocks in the catchment. Obvious similarities in the spatial variability of manganese and heavy metals indicate sorption or co-precipitation of these elements with Fe and Mn hydroxides and oxides. But the similar distribution of organic matter and clay contents might also point to a fixation to organic components and clay minerals. An enrichment of mercury in the inlet streams might be indicative of neotectonic activity around the lake. The results of this study add to the fundamental knowledge of the modern lake processes of Lake El’gygytgyn and its lake-catchment interactions, and thus, yield crucial insights for the interpretation of paleo-data from this unique archive. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-135-2013 Climate of the Past 9 Copernicus GmbH 135-148 University of Cologne, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, Cologne, Germany; Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate ENSI, Brugg, Switzerland; Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Marine Geology, Rostock, Germany; University Bremen, Department of Geosciences, Crystallography, ZEKAM, Bremen, Germany; University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, United States; Russian Academy of Sciences, Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Magadan, Russian Federation 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883002188&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-135-2013&partnerID=40&md5=65f5978954a030e1a0250d3d6db7f19d cited By 24 V. Wennrich A. Francke A. Dehnert O. Juschus T. Leipe C. Vogt J. Brigham-Grette P.S. Minyuk M. Melles El'gygytgyn Science Party article cp-9-2459-2013 Lake El'gygytgyn, located in the Far East Russian Arctic, was formed by a meteorite impact about 3.58 Ma ago. In 2009, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Lake El'gygytgyn obtained a continuous sediment sequence of the lacustrine deposits and the upper part of the impact breccia. Here, we present grain-size data of the past 2.6 Ma. General downcore grain-size variations yield coarser sediments during warm periods and finer ones during cold periods. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the climate-dependent variations in grain-size distributions mainly occur in the coarse silt and very fine silt fraction. During interglacial periods, accumulation of coarser material in the lake center is caused by redistribution of clastic material by a wind-induced current pattern during the ice-free period. Sediment supply to the lake is triggered by the thickness of the active layer in the catchment and the availability of water as a transport medium. During glacial periods, sedimentation at Lake El'gygytgyn is hampered by the occurrence of a perennial ice cover, with sedimentation being restricted to seasonal moats and vertical conduits through the ice. Thus, the summer temperature predominantly triggers transport of coarse material into the lake center. Time series analysis that was carried out to gain insight into the frequency of the grain-size data showed variations predominately on 98.5, 40.6, and 22.9 kyr oscillations, which correspond to Milankovitch's eccentricity, obliquity and precession bands. Variations in the relative power of these three oscillation bands during the Quaternary suggest that sedimentation processes at Lake El'gygytgyn are dominated by environmental variations caused by global glacial-interglacial variations (eccentricity, obliquity), and local insolation forcing and/or latitudinal teleconnections (precession), respectively. ©Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-2459-2013 Climate of the Past 9 2459-2470 University of Cologne, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, Cologne, Germany; Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Eberswalde, Germany; University of Massachusetts, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, United States 6 breccia; eccentricity; grain size; lacustrine deposit; meteorite; multivariate analysis; obliquity; principal component analysis; Quaternary; research program; sediment property; teleconnection; time series analysis, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/2459/2013/ cited By 33 A. Francke V. Wennrich M. Sauerbrey O. Juschus M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette article cpd-9-6255-2013 2013 10.5194/cpd-9-6255-2013 Climate of the Past Discussions 9 6255-6285 https://cp.copernicus.org/preprints/9/6255/2013/ G. Schwamborn L. Schirrmeister B. Diekmann article cp-9-119-2013 This study focuses on the temperature field observed in boreholes drilled as part of interdisciplinary scientific campaign targeting the El'gygytgyn Crater Lake in NE Russia. Temperature data are available from two sites: the lake borehole 5011-1 located near the center of the lake reaching 400 m depth, and the land borehole 5011-3 at the rim of the lake, with a depth of 140 m. Constraints on permafrost depth and past climate changes are derived from numerical simulation of the thermal regime associated with the lake-related talik structure. The thermal properties of the subsurface needed for these simulations are based on laboratory measurements of representative cores from the quaternary sediments and the underlying impact-affected rock, complemented by further information from geophysical logs and data from published literature. <br><br> The temperature observations in the lake borehole 5011-1 are dominated by thermal perturbations related to the drilling process, and thus only give reliable values for the lowermost value in the borehole. Undisturbed temperature data recorded over more than two years are available in the 140 m deep land-based borehole 5011-3. The analysis of these observations allows determination of not only the recent mean annual ground surface temperature, but also the ground surface temperature history, though with large uncertainties. Although the depth of this borehole is by far too insufficient for a complete reconstruction of past temperatures back to the Last Glacial Maximum, it still affects the thermal regime, and thus permafrost depth. This effect is constrained by numerical modeling: assuming that the lake borehole observations are hardly influenced by the past changes in surface air temperature, an estimate of steady-state conditions is possible, leading to a meaningful value of 14 ± 5 K for the post-glacial warming. The strong curvature of the temperature data in shallower depths around 60 m can be explained by a comparatively large amplitude of the Little Ice Age (up to 4 K), with low temperatures prevailing far into the 20th century. Other mechanisms, like varying porosity, may also have an influence on the temperature profile, however, our modeling studies imply a major contribution from recent climate changes. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-119-2013 Climate of the Past 9 119-133 Geophysica Beratungsgesellschaft MbH, Aachen, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 1 borehole; climate variation; crater lake; drilling; interdisciplinary approach; Last Glacial Maximum; Little Ice Age; paleoclimate; paleotemperature; permafrost; reconstruction; recovery plan; surface temperature; talik, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/119/2013/ cited By 12 D. Mottaghy G. Schwamborn V. Rath article Raschke20131251 The 3.6 Ma old and 18 km diameter El'gygytgyn impact structure in NE Siberia was drilled in 2008/09 by ICDP (International Continental Scientific Drilling Program). A 517 m long core hole (D1c) was drilled into the outer flank of the central uplift structure, with an overall core recovery of approximately 63%. Thereby, approximately 315 m lake sediments and approximately 202 m impactites were recovered. Here, we present a detailed petrographic and geochemical assessment of the impact breccia and bedrock sections in this core. The 97 m long lower bedrock unit (517-420 m below lake floor [blf]) consists of an ignimbrite. In the overlying upper bedrock unit (420-390 mblf), the core recovered a sequence of similar ignimbrite and several decimeters of mafic rocks. We interpret these units as rocks that are located close to their former, preimpact position, but have been somewhat rotated due to collapse of the central uplift (i.e., it represents parautochthonous basement). From about 390 to 328 mblf occurs a suevite package with an impact melt poor, clast-dominated matrix, and lithic and mineral clasts that cover the entire range of volcanic target rocks known from the El'gygytgyn region. All stages of shock metamorphism (unshocked to melted) were observed in clasts, and in microclasts of the matrix, of suevite from different depths. Immediately below this package, at the contact to the underlying bedrock, occurs a 1 m wide sheared zone within vitrophyric ignimbrite, which we consider the actual crater floor. The uppermost approximately 12 m, from 328-316 mblf depth, seem to comprise reworked suevite, consisting of a mixture of sediments and suevite with more and, on average, stronger shocked minerals than found in the main suevite unit. This includes a small component of glassy spherules and impact melt fragments. Toward the top of this unit, lake sediments progressively become the dominant material in this section. We assume that this unit contains a fallback component from the ejecta plume that was mixed with the first sediments of the postimpact crater lake, and possibly some rocks that slumped off the inner crater wall-similar to a thin layer at the base of the sediment section of borehole LB-5A recovered in Lake Bosumtwi (Ghana). © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12087 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1251-1286 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876417937&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12087&partnerID=40&md5=237bf44410e2e8c75eb43732d648b79a cited By 32 U. Raschke R.T. Schmitt W.U. Reimold article Pittarello20131160 El'gygytgyn in northeast Chukotka (Russia) is a 3.6 Ma, 18-km-diameter impact structure. The impact crater was recently drilled in the framework of a project sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Target rocks at the El'gygytgyn area are dominated by the felsic members of the Late Cretaceous Okhotsk-Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB). Such a target lithology is unique among terrestrial impact craters, thereby providing the opportunity to study shock metamorphism in siliceous volcanic rocks. Here, we present a petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic study of the section of the drill core underneath the lacustrine sediments, extending from ∼316 m to 517 m below the lake bottom (blb). The drill core stratigraphy includes ∼80 m of suevite and a cross section through a volcanic suite, which consists of (1) a middle section (∼390-423 mblb) with dominant felsic tuffs and a few mafic members, and (2) a welded rhyolitic-dacitic ignimbrite (∼423-517 mblb). The melt fragments embedded in the suevite are interpreted as being impact-related by comparison with impact glasses from the crater and in opposition to the target rock, which does not include similar melts. A suevitic dyke crosscuts the lower section of the core at the depth 471.40 mblb. Evidence for shock metamorphism is concentrated in the upper 10 m of the drill core and almost limited to the suevitic breccia. The geochemical and isotope (Nd and Hf) composition of samples from the target and the drill core reveals relationships to the "Berlozhya magmatic assemblage" (BMA) arguing for similar source magmas. The primitive upper mantle (PUM)-normalized trace element plot of rocks investigated here confirms a subduction-related signature, as previously proposed for rocks from both OCVB and BMA. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12088 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1160-1198 Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Institute of Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49b, Cologne, 50674, Germany; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria; Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Abt. Endogene Prozesse, Poppelsdorfer Schloss, Bonn, 53115, Germany 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880167788&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12088&partnerID=40&md5=486a9547827a75c46efa0d47d6fcd3c3 cited By 20 L. Pittarello T. Schulz C. Koeberl J.E. Hoffmann C. Münker article Wittmann20131199 El'gygytgyn is a 18km diameter, 3.6Ma old impact crater in NE Siberia. International Continental Scientific Drilling Program-El'gygytgyn hole 1C was drilled on the frozen crater lake, 2.3km from the crater center to a final depth of 517m below the lake floor. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of 26 drill core samples, three impact melt rocks from the surface, and seven glass spherules from surface deposits outside the crater are used to characterize the impactite inventory at El'gygytgyn. The bottom 98m of hole 1C intersected monomict brecciated, unshocked, rhyolitic ignimbrite with minor intercalations of polymict breccia and mafic inclusions. These lithologies are overlain by 89m of polymict breccia whose components occasionally exhibit scarce, low-degree shock metamorphic features. This unit is succeeded by 10m of suevite that contains about 1 vol% glassy impact melt shards <1cm in size and a low amount of shock metamorphosed lithic clasts. The suevite is capped by a reworked fallout deposit that constitutes a transition over 4m into lacustrine sedimentation. A higher abundance of shock metamorphosed lithic clasts, and glass spherules, some with Ni-rich spinel and admixture of an ultramafic component, characterize this unit. We tentatively interpret this impactite section as allochthonous breccia in the vicinity of El'gygytgyn's central ring uplift. The geochemical compositions of seven glass spherules from terrace deposits 2km outside the crater and eight spherules from the reworked fallout deposit in hole 1C show far greater variability than the composition of impact melt shards and impact melt rocks. Some of these spherules also show strong enrichments in siderophile elements. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12019 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1199-1235 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, Campus Box 1169, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, United States; Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, United States; Earth System Science, Department of Geology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, BE - 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Institut für Planetologie (IfP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, D-48149 Münster, Germany 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876407831&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12019&partnerID=40&md5=cfe31d510535e499b160ba4116236e1b cited By 29 A. Wittmann S. Goderis P. Claeys F. Vanhaecke A. Deutsch L. Adolph article Goderis20131296 The geochemical nature of the impactites from International Continental Scientific Drilling Project-El'gygytgyn lake drill core 1C is compared with that of impact melt rock fragments collected near the western rim of the structure and literature data. Concentrations of major and trace elements, with special focus on siderophile metals Cr, Co, Ni, and the platinum group elements, and isotope ratios of osmium (Os), were determined to test the hypothesis of an ureilite impactor at El'gygytgyn. Least squares mixing calculations suggest that the upper volcanic succession of rhyolites, dacites, and andesites were the main contributors to the polymict impact breccias. Additions of 2-13.5 vol% of basaltic inclusions recovered from drill core intervals between 391.6 and 423.0 mblf can almost entirely account for the compositional differences observed for the bottom of a reworked fallout deposit at 318.9 mblf, a polymict impact breccia at 471.4 mblf, and three impact melt rock fragments. However, the measured Os isotope ratios and slightly elevated PGE content (up to 0.262 ng g-1 Ir) of certain impactite samples, for which the CI-normalized logarithmic PGE signature displays a relatively flat (i.e., chondritic) pattern, can only be explained by the incorporation of a small meteoritic contribution. This component is also required to explain the exceptionally high siderophile element contents and corresponding Ni/Cr, Ni/Co, and Cr/Co ratios of impact glass spherules and spherule fragments that were recovered from the reworked fallout deposits and from terrace outcrops of the Enmyvaam River approximately 10 km southeast of the crater center. Mixing calculations support the presence of approximately 0.05 wt% and 0.50-18 wt% of ordinary chondrite (possibly type-LL) in several impactites and in the glassy spherules, respectively. The heterogeneous distribution of the meteoritic component provides clues for emplacement mechanisms of the various impactite units. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12047 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1296-1324 Department of Geology, Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, BE-1050, Belgium; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S12, Ghent, BE-9000, Belgium; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, Campus Box 1169, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO, 63130-4899, United States; Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX, 77058, United States; Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States; Department of Geology and Soil Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, Ghent, BE-9000, Belgium; School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, Münster, D-48149, Germany 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880159710&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12047&partnerID=40&md5=df03802e99801688dea1e0c663fc3ae8 cited By 15 S. Goderis A. Wittmann J. Zaiss M. Elburg G. Ravizza F. Vanhaecke A. Deutsch P. Claeys article Brigham-Grette20131421 Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ∼8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ∼400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ∼2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene. 2013 English 00368075 10.1126/science.1233137 Science 340 American Association for the Advancement of Science 1421-1427 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street 16, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation; Free University Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Haus D, Malteser Strasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, OH 43403, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden 6139 carbon dioxide, climate variation; cooling; ice sheet; Northern Hemisphere; paleoclimate; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; proxy climate record; sea level change, arctic climate; article; carbon dioxide tension; cooling; glacial period; glaciation; greenhouse gas; ice sheet; Pleistocene; Pliocene; priority journal; summer, Arctic Ocean; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879256879&doi=10.1126%2fscience.1233137&partnerID=40&md5=bd2e5d4102b83c49bdb72d7560e1e3d0 cited By 181 J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles P. Minyuk A. Andreev P. Tarasov R. DeConto S. Koenig N. Nowaczyk V. Wennrich P. Rosen E. Haltia T. Cook C. Gebhardt C. Meyer-Jacob J. SNYDER U. Herzschuh article cp-9-719-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-719-2013 Climate of the Past 9 719-733 2 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/719/2013/ A. Zander A. Hilgers article cp-9-1455-2013 Modern process studies of the hydrologic balance of Lake El'gygytgyn, central Chukotka, and the sediment income from the catchment were carried out during a field campaign in spring and summer 2003. Despite high uncertainties due to the limited data, the results provide important first estimates for better understanding the modern and past sedimentation processes in this basin. Formed ca. 3.6 million years ago as a result of a meteorite impact, the basin contains one of the longest paleoclimate records in the terrestrial Arctic. Fluvial activity is concentrated over the short snowmelt period (about 20 days in second part of June). Underground outflow plays a very important role in the water balance and predominates over surface outflow. The residence time of the lake water is estimated to be about 100 yr. © 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1455-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1455-1465 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street 38, 199397 St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Geography and Geoecology, 10 line V.O., 33, 199178, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation; Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, 306 Tanana Drive, Duckering Room 437, United States; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5860, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, P.O. Box 35820, Amherst, MA 01003-5820, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg, 14471 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Applied Geology, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstrasse 76, 13355 Berlin, Germany 4 catchment; data acquisition; estimation method; fluvial deposit; outflow; paleoclimate; residence time; seasonal variation; terrestrial ecosystem; uncertainty analysis; water budget, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1455/2013/ cited By 16 G. Fedorov M. Nolan J. Brigham-Grette D. Bolshiyanov G. Schwamborn O. Juschus article cp-9-1253-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-1253-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1253-1269 3 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1253/2013/ M. Nolan article Bischoff2013305 In order to investigate the link between the methane dynamics in permafrost deposits and climate changes in the past, we studied the abundance, composition, and methane production of methanogenic communities in Late Pleistocene and Holocene sediments of the Siberian Arctic. We detected intervals of increased methane concentrations in Late Pleistocene and Holocene deposits along a 42 ka old permafrost sequence from Kurungnakh Island in the Lena Delta (northeast Siberia). Increased amounts of archaeal life markers (intact phospholipid ethers) and a high variety in genetic fingerprints detected by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene analyses of methanogenic archaea suggest presently living and presumably active methanogenic archaea in distinct layers predominantly in Holocene deposits, but also in deep frozen ground at 17 m depth. Potential methanogenic activity was confirmed by incubation experiments. By comparing methane concentrations, microbial incubation experiments, gene analysis of methanogens, and microbial life markers (intact phospholipid esters and ethers) to already partly degraded membrane lipids, such as archaeol and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, we demonstrated that archaeol likely represents a signal of past methanogenic archaea. The archaeol signal was used to reconstruct the response of methanogenic communities to past temperature changes in the Siberian Arctic, and the data suggest higher methane emissions occurred during warm periods, particularly during an interval in the Late Pleistocene and during the Holocene. This new data on present and past methanogenic communities in the Siberian terrestrial permafrost imply that these microorganisms will respond to the predicted future temperature rise in the Arctic with increasing methane production, as demonstrated in previous warmer periods. ©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 2013 English 08866236 10.1029/2011GB004238 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 27 305-317 Research Department Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Center Potsdam, GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, Section 4.3 Organic Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Oberschleissheim, Germany; Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, Tyumen, Russian Federation; Newcastle University, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom; Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Soil Sciences Division, Frick, Switzerland; Helmholtz Center Potsdam, GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences, Section 4.5 Geomicrobiology, Potsdam, Germany 2 Genetic fingerprints; Holocene climate change; Lipid biomarkers; Methane concentrations; Methanogenic activity; Methanogenic archaea; Methanogenic community; Temperature changes, Deposits; Ethers; Experiments; Genes; Glycerol; Methanation; Methane; Methanogens; Permafrost; Phospholipids; RNA; Sediments; Soils, Climate change, biomarker; climate variation; concentration (composition); Holocene; lipid; methane; methanogenesis; paleoclimate; permafrost; Pleistocene; prokaryote, Arctic; Kurungnakh Island; Lena Delta; Russian Federation; Sakha; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881089394&doi=10.1029%2f2011GB004238&partnerID=40&md5=e080e2ebe5fea500ba086c945ebbfbf4 cited By 39 J. Bischoff K. Mangelsdorf A. Gattinger M. Schloter A.N. Kurchatova U. Herzschuh D. Wagner article cp-9-467-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-467-2013 Climate of the Past 9 467-479 1 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/467/2013/ K. J. Murdock K. Wilkie L. L. Brown article cp-9-1271-2013 We developed a synoptic climatology for Lake El'gygytgyn, Chukotka Russia, and explored modern climate trends affecting air temperatures there to aid in paleoclimate reconstructions of a 3.6 million-year-old sediment core taken from the lake. Our self-organized mapping (SOM) approach identified 35 synoptic weather patterns, based on sea level pressure, that span the range of synoptic patterns influencing the study domain over the 1961-2009 NCEP/NCAR analysis period. We found strong seasonality in modern weather patterns, with summer weather primarily characterized by weak low pressure systems over the Arctic Ocean or Siberia and winter weather primarily characterized by strong high pressure over the Arctic Ocean and strong low pressure in the Pacific Ocean. In general, the primary source of variation in air temperatures came from the dominant patterns in each season, which we identify in the text, and nearly all of the dominant weather patterns here have shown increasing temperatures. We found that nearly all of the warming in mean annual temperature over the past 50 yr (about 3°C) occurred during sub-freezing conditions on either side of summer (that is, spring and fall). Here we found that the most summer-like weather patterns (low pressures to the north) in the shoulder seasons were responsible for much of the change. Finally, we compared the warmest 15 yr of the record (1995-2009) to the coolest (1961-1975) and found that changes in thermodynamics of weather were about 3 to 300 times more important than changes in frequency of weather patterns in controlling temperature variations during spring and fall, respectively. That is, in the modern record, general warming (local or advected) is more important by orders of magnitude than changes in storm tracks in controlling air temperature at Lake El'gygytgyn. We conclude with a discussion of how these results may be relevant to the paleoclimate reconstruction efforts and how this relevancy could be tested further. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1271-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1271-1286 University of Colorado at Boulder, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern Engineering, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States 3 air temperature; climate change; dominance; freezing; low pressure; paleoclimate; seasonality; sediment core; synoptic meteorology; temperature inversion; thermodynamics, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1271/2013/ cited By 9 M. Nolan E. N. Cassano J. J. Cassano article cp-9-1211-2013 Preliminary analyses of Lake El'gygytgyn sediment indicate a wide range of ecosystem responses to warmer than present climates. While palynological work describing all interglacial vegetation is ongoing, sufficient data exist to compare recent warm events (the postglacial thermal maximum, PGTM, and marine isotope stage, MIS5) with "super" interglaciations (MIS11, MIS31). Palynological assemblages associated with these climatic optima suggest two types of vegetation responses: one dominated by deciduous taxa (PGTM, MIS5) and the second by evergreen conifers (MIS11, MIS31). MIS11 forests show a similarity to modern Picea-Larix-Betula-Alnus forests of Siberia. While dark coniferous forest also characterizes MIS31, the pollen taxa show an affinity to the boreal forest of the lower Amur valley (southern Russian Far East). Despite vegetation differences during these thermal maxima, all glacial-interglacial transitions are alike, being dominated by deciduous woody taxa. Initially Betula shrub tundra established and was replaced by tundra with tree-sized shrubs (PGTM), Betula woodland (MIS5), or Betula-Larix (MIS11, MIS31) forest. The consistent occurrence of deciduous forest and/or high shrub tundra before the incidence of maximum warmth underscores the importance of this biome for modeling efforts. The El'gygytgyn data also suggest a possible elimination or massive reduction of Arctic plant communities under extreme warm-earth scenarios. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1211-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1211-1219 Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya Street, Magadan 685000, Russian Federation; Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, United States 3 arctic environment; community response; coniferous tree; deciduous tree; dominance; evergreen tree; glacial-interglacial cycle; interglacial; lacustrine deposit; marine isotope stage; paleoecology; palynology; plant community; shrub; tundra; vegetation structure; warming, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1211/2013/ cited By 25 A. V. Lozhkin P. M. Anderson article Quinteros201331 The classic example of the not-well-understood rapid change of tectonic plate motion is the increase and then decrease of the convergence rate between the Nazca and South America plates during the past 25-20 m.y. that coincided with the growth of the Andes Mountains. Currently, the decrease in convergence rate is explained either by the increasing load of the Andes or by the appearance of fl at slab segments beneath South America. Here, we present an alternative view based on a thermomechanical self-consistent (gravity driven) model of Nazca plate subduction. We explain the changes in the convergence rate as a natural consequence of the Nazca plate penetration into the transition zone and lower mantle after long-term oblique subduction of the Farallon plate. The model is consistent with seismic tomographic images of the Nazca plate beneath South America. Our model also shows that the presence of the Andes does not signifi cantly affect the convergence rate between the Nazca and South America plates. © 2012 Geological Society of America. 2013 English 00917613 10.1130/G33497.1 Geology 41 31-34 Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Computer Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123995, Russian Federation 1 Convergence rates; Lower mantle; Natural consequences; Nazca plate; Neo genes; Oblique subduction; Seismic tomographic images; South America; Tectonic plates; Thermo-mechanical; Transition zones; View-based, Geology, Tomography, Nazca plate; Neogene; plate motion; seismic tomography; subduction zone; transition zone, Andes https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872140078&doi=10.1130%2fG33497.1&partnerID=40&md5=34c01255a4d1f048997d4f88d1f35a4e cited By 53 J. Quinteros S.V. Sobolev article cp-9-135-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-135-2013 Climate of the Past 9 135-148 1 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/135/2013/ V. Wennrich A. Francke A. Dehnert O. Juschus T. Leipe C. Vogt J. Brigham-Grette P. S. Minyuk M. Melles El'gygytgyn Science Party article cp-9-335-2013 Stable isotope data from lipid biomarkers and diatom silica recovered from lake sediment cores hold great promise for paleoclimate and paleohydrological reconstructions. However, these records rely on accurate calibration with modern precipitation and hydrologic processes and only limited data exist on the controls on the -D values for nalkanoic acids from plant leaf waxes. Here we investigate the stable isotopic composition of modern precipitation, streams, lake water and ice cover, and use these data to constrain isotope systematics of the Lake El'gygytgyn Basin hydrology. Compound-specific hydrogen isotope ratios determined from n-alkanoic acids from modern vegetation are compared with modern precipitation and lake core top sediments. Multispecies net (apparent) fractionation values between source water (precipitation) and modern vegetation (e.g., quot;wax/precip mean value is ?107±12 ) agree with previous results and suggest a consistent offset between source waters and the -D values of alkanoic acids. We conclude that although there may be some bias towards a winter precipitation signal, overall -D values from leaf wax n-alkanoic acids record annual average precipitation within the El'gygytgyn Basin. A net fractionation calculated for 200-yr-integrated lake sediments yields quot;30/precip = ?968and can provide robust net "apparent" fractionation to be used in future paleohydrological reconstructions. © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-335-2013 Climate of the Past 9 335-352 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany; University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 1 biomarker; calibration; diatom; hydrogen isotope; ice cover; isotopic analysis; isotopic composition; isotopic ratio; lacustrine deposit; lipid; paleoclimate; paleohydrology; precipitation (climatology); reconstruction; sediment core; silica; wax, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/335/2013/ cited By 30 K. M. K. Wilkie B. Chapligin H. Meyer S. Burns S. Petsch J. Brigham-Grette article cp-9-1949-2013 This paper focuses on the characterization and genesis of mass movement deposits (MMDs) in the Quaternary and Pliocene sediments of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic. Three partly overlapping holes were drilled into the 320 m long sediment record at International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Site 5011-1 in the lake basin, recovering the Quaternary almost completely, and the Pliocene down to 3.6 Ma with 52% recovery. Mass movement deposits were investigated in all three cores, based on macroscopical core descriptions, radiographic images, high-resolution magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray density. Five different types of MMDs were identified: turbidites, grain-flow deposits, debrites, slumps and slides. These are formed by transitional mass movement processes, and thus can be co-generic. An initial slope failure is thought to transform into a debris flow that deforms frontal sediments, partly disintegrates and dilutes into a turbidity flow. Turbidites are by far the most frequent MMD type in the lake center. They occur throughout the record in all pelagic sedimentary facies, but they are thinner in facies formed during cold climate conditions. All other MMDs, by contrast, incise exclusively the pelagic facies deposited during warm climates. In the 123 m thick Quaternary composite sediment record 230 mass movement events are identified, comprising 33% of the sediment length. Turbidites contribute 93% of the number of Quaternary MMDs, but only 35% of their thickness. In the Pliocene sediments between 123 and 320 m, 181 additional mass movement deposits are identified, which constitute ∼33% of the recovered sediments. The mean recurrence interval for MMDs is 11 and 5 ka in the Quaternary and Pliocene, respectively. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1949-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1949-1967 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Eberswalde University of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Landscape Management and Nature Conservation, Eberswalde, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany 4 debris flow; depositional environment; facies; lacustrine deposit; mass movement; Pliocene; Quaternary; slope failure; turbidite; turbidity, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1949/2013/ cited By 36 M. A. Sauerbrey O. Juschus A. C. Gebhardt V. Wennrich N. R. Nowaczyk M. Melles article Hellevang20131287 This investigation involved three specimens: an altered felsic sample of impactite from the ICDP El'gygytgyn drill core D1c, and two reference volcanics from Iceland, namely a rhyolitic glass and a basaltic glass. The goal of this work was to better understand the alteration of impact melt and volcanic glass, and to apply the results to an investigation of alteration processes below the surface of Mars. Hydrothermal batch alteration experiments with the El'gygytgyn sample showed formation of various silica phases such as cristobalite, opal, and quartz. According to geochemical modeling, zeolites were also expected, but zeolite minerals already present in the impactite prior to the experiment may have masked possible experimental zeolite growth. Basaltic glass was altered to smectite, talc, and opal. The accompanying numerical modeling gave results that were similar or comparable to the laboratory experiments. Rhyolitic glass was kinetically more stable than basaltic glass, and showed only minor formation of calcite and feldspar during the 3-week experiment. The study showed that closed-system isochemical alteration of both siliceous and mafic glasses and melts results in the formation of smectites and zeolites. Therefore, to link alteration features on Mars to specific physical conditions, the exact identity of the mineral phases present in surface rocks must be known. Moreover, our simulations on closed-system isochemical alteration showed that the fraction of zeolites and silica formed relative to smectite depends on the source mineral altered. Therefore, fractions of these mineral groups present in the Martian soil may be used to better predict source rock characteristics. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12046 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1287-1295 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, N-0316, Norway; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria; Museum of Natural History, Vienna, A-1010, Austria 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880175258&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12046&partnerID=40&md5=5bdac3dace5f626c398669de644e241b cited By 9 H. Hellevang H. Dypvik E. Kalleson L. Pittarello C. Koeberl article cp-9-1559-2013 Rock magnetic, biochemical and inorganic records of the sediment cores PG1351 and Lz1024 from Lake El'gygytgyn, Chukotka peninsula, Far East Russian Arctic, were subject to a hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis in order to refine and extend the pattern of climate modes as defined by Melles et al. (2007). Cluster analysis of the data obtained from both cores yielded similar results, differentiating clearly between the four climate modes warm, peak warm, cold and dry, and cold and moist. In addition, two transitional phases were identified, representing the early stages of a cold phase and slightly colder conditions during a warm phase. The statistical approach can thus be used to resolve gradual changes in the sedimentary units as an indicator of available oxygen in the hypolimnion in greater detail. Based upon cluster analyses on core Lz1024, the published succession of climate modes in core PG1351, covering the last 250 ka, was modified and extended back to 350 ka. Comparison to the marine oxygen isotope (δ18O) stack LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005) and the summer insolation at 67.5 °N, with the extended Lake El'gygytgyn parameter records of magnetic susceptibility (κLF), total organic carbon content (TOC) and the chemical index of alteration (CIA; Minyuk et al., 2007), revealed that all stages back to marine isotope stage (MIS) 10 and most of the substages are clearly reflected in the pattern derived from the cluster analysis. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1559-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1559-1569 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 - Paleoclimate and Landscape Evolution, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, FEB RAS, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, 98107 Abisko, Sweden 4 climate change; climate modeling; cluster analysis; hierarchical system; oxygen isotope; sediment core; statistical analysis, Arctic Ocean; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Far East; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1559/2013/ cited By 10 U. Frank N. R. Nowaczyk P. Minyuk H. Vogel P. Rosen M. Melles article Holland2013243 Arctic paleoenvironmental archives serve as sensitive recorders of past climate change. Lake El'gygytgyn (Far East Russian Arctic) is a high-latitude crater impact lake that contains a continuous sediment record influenced by neither glaciation nor glacial erosion since the time of impact 3.58 Ma ago. Prior research on sediments collected from Lake El'gygytgyn suggest times of permanent ice cover and anoxia corresponding to global glacial intervals, during which the sediments are laminated and are characterized by the co-occurrence of high total organic carbon, microscopic magnetite grains that show etching and dissolution, and negative excursions in bulk sediment organic matter carbon isotope (δ13C) values. Here we investigate the abundance and carbon isotopic composition of lipid biomarkers recovered from Lake El'gygytgyn sediments spanning marine isotope stages 1-3 to identify key sources of organic matter (OM) to lake sediments, to establish which OM sources drive the negative δ13C excursion exhibited by bulk sediment OM, and to explore if there are molecular and isotopic signatures of anoxia in the lake during glaciation. We find that during marine isotope stages 1-3, direct evidence for water column anoxia is lacking. A ∼4&amp;permil; negative excursion in bulk sediment δ13C values during the Local Last Glacial Maximum (LLGM) is accompanied by more protracted, higher magnitude negative excursions in n-alkanoic acid and n-alkanol δ13C values that begin 20 kyr in advance of the LLGM. In contrast, n-alkanes and the C30 n-alkanoic acid do not exhibit a negative δ13C excursion at this time. Our results indicate that the C24, C26 and C28 n-alkanoic acids do not derive entirely from terrestrial OM sources, while the C30 n-alkanoic acid at Lake El'gygytgyn is a robust indicator of terrestrial OM contributions. Overall, our results strongly support the presence of a nutrient-poor water column, which is mostly isolated from atmospheric carbon dioxide during glaciation at Lake El'gygytgyn. © 2013 Author(s). 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-243-2013 Climate of the Past 9 243-260 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 1 anoxic conditions; biomarker; carbon cycle; carbon isotope; climate change; glaciation; isotopic analysis; isotopic composition; lacustrine deposit; Last Glacial Maximum; marine environment; organic carbon; organic matter; paleoenvironment; sediment chemistry; water column, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873889475&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-243-2013&partnerID=40&md5=ed2d055f981603bd866c60b127cae90b cited By 15 A.R. Holland S.T. Petsch I.S. Castañeda K.M. Wilkie S.J. Burns J. Brigham-Grette article cp-9-243-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-243-2013 Climate of the Past 9 243-260 1 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/243/2013/ A. R. Holland S. T. Petsch I. S. Castaneda K. M. Wilkie S. J. Burns J. Brigham-Grette article Tarasov20132759 The recent and fossil pollen data obtained under the frame of the multi-disciplinary international El'gygytgyn Drilling Project represent a unique archive, which allows the testing of a range of pollen-based reconstruction approaches and the deciphering of changes in the regional vegetation and climate. In the current study we provide details of the biome reconstruction method applied to the late Pliocene and Quaternary pollen records from Lake El'gygytgyn. All terrestrial pollen taxa identified in the spectra from Lake El'gygytgyn were assigned to major vegetation types (biomes), which today occur near the lake and in the broader region of eastern and northern Asia and, thus, could be potentially present in this region during the past. When applied to the pollen spectra from the middle Pleistocene to present, the method suggests (1) a predominance of tundra during the Holocene, (2) a short interval during the marine isotope stage (MIS) 5.5 interglacial distinguished by cold deciduous forest, and (3) long phases of taiga dominance during MIS 31 and, particularly, MIS 11.3. These two latter interglacials seem to be some of the longest and warmest intervals in the study region within the past million years. During the late Pliocene-early Pleistocene interval (i.e., ∼3.562-2.200 Ma), there is good correspondence between the millennial-scale vegetation changes documented in the Lake El'gygytgyn record and the alternation of cold and warm marine isotope stages, which reflect changes in the global ice volume and sea level. The biome reconstruction demonstrates changes in the regional vegetation from generally warmer/wetter environments of the earlier (i.e., Pliocene) interval towards colder/drier environments of the Pleistocene. The reconstruction indicates that the taxon-rich cool mixed and cool conifer forest biomes are mostly characteristic of the time prior to MIS G16, whereas the tundra biome becomes a prominent feature starting from MIS G6. These results consistently indicate that the study region supported significant tree populations during most of the interval prior to ∼2.730 Ma. The cold- and drought-tolerant steppe biome first appears in the reconstruction ∼3.298 Ma during the tundra-dominated MIS M2, whereas the tundra biome initially occurs between ∼3.379 and ∼3.378 Ma within MIS MG4. Prior to ∼2.800 Ma, several other cold stages during this generally warm Pliocene interval were characterized by the tundra biome. © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-2759-2013 Climate of the Past 9 2759-2775 Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology Section, Free University Berlin, Malteserstr. 74andndash;100, Haus D, 12249 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, United States; Northeast Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya St., Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 Andndash; Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, United States 6 biome; climate variation; cold tolerance; deciduous forest; drought stress; fossil assemblage; Holocene; interglacial; palynology; Pliocene; reconstruction; vegetation history, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Far East; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890463524&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-2759-2013&partnerID=40&md5=558958825708fd70d9cf9ab4b0111cb2 cited By 66 P.E. Tarasov A.A. Andreev P.M. Anderson A.V. Lozhkin C. Leipe E. Haltia N.R. Nowaczyk V. Wennrich J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article Raschke20131143 In 2008/2009, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) obtained drill cores from the El'gygytgyn impact structure located on the Chukotka Peninsula (Russia). These cores provide the most complete geological section ever obtained from an impact structure in siliceous volcanic rock. The lithostratigraphy comprises a thick sequence of lacustrine sediments overlying impact breccias and deformed target rock. The interval from 316 m (below lake floor-blf) to the end of the core at 517 m depth can be subdivided into four lithological sequences. At 316 m depth, the first mesoscopic clasts of shocked target rock occur in lacustrine sediments. The growing abundance of target rock clasts with increasing depth and corresponding decrease of lacustrine sediment components indicate the extent of this transition zone to 328 m depth. It constitutes a zone of mixed reworked impact breccia and lacustrine sediments. Volcanic clasts in this reworked suevite section show all stages of shock metamorphism, up to melting. The underlying unit (328-390 m depth) represents a suevite package, a polymict impact breccia, with considerable evidence of shock deformation in a wide variety of volcanic clasts. This includes fragments with quartz that exhibit planar fractures and planar deformation features (PDF). In addition, at three depths, several centimeter-sized clasts with shatter cones were detected. Due to microanalytical identification of relatively rare, microscopic impact melt particles in the matrix of this breccia, this material can be confidently labeled a suevite. Also in this sequence, three unshocked, <1 m thick intersections of volcanic blocks occur at 333.83, 351.52, and 383.00 m depths. The upper bedrock unit begins at 390.74 m depth, has a thickness of 30.15 m, and represents a sequence of different volcanic rocks-an upper part with basaltic composition from 390.74 to 391.79 m depth overlying a lower, rhyodacitic part from 391.79 to 420.27 m depth. This (parautochthonous) basement unit is only very weakly affected by the impact: only one shocked quartz grain with two sets of PDF was recorded at 391.33 m depth. The lower bedrock unit (420.89-517.09 m depth [end of core]) is a brittly deformed, rather homogeneous welded ignimbrite that in part can be considered a cataclasite. The top three meters of this section are sheared, which could represent pre-impact tectonic deformation. A 54 cm thick injection of polymict impact breccia occurs at 471.42-471.96 m depth. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12072 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1143-1159 Museum für Naturkunde Berlin - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Research, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany; Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany; Department of Lithospheric Research, Center for Earth Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, Vienna, 1010, Austria 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880173001&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12072&partnerID=40&md5=32c0826bf9df1a3596b5586d9e1f3ff0 cited By 21 U. Raschke W.U. Reimold P.T. Zaag L. Pittarello C. Koeberl article Cunningham2013679 To date, terrestrial archives of long-term climatic change within the Arctic have widely been restricted to ice cores from Greenland and, more recently, sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn in northeast Arctic Russia. Sediments from this lake contain a paleoclimate record of glacialinterglacial cycles during the last three million years. Lowresolution studies at this lake have suggested that changes observed during Transition IV (the transition from marine isotope stage (MIS) 10 to MIS 9) are of greater amplitude than any observed since. In this study, geochemical parameters are used to infer past climatic conditions thus providing the first high-resolution analyses of Transition IV from a terrestrial Arctic setting. These results demonstrate that a significant shift in climate was subsequently followed by a rapid increase in biogenic silica (BSi) production. Following this sharp increase, bioproductivity remained high, but variable, for over a thousand years. This study reveals differences in the timing and magnitude of change within the ratio of silica to titanium (Si/Ti) and BSi records that would not be apparent in lower resolution studies. This has significant implications for the increasingly common use of Si/Ti data as an alternative to traditional BSi measurements. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-679-2013 Climate of the Past 9 679-686 Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, 98107 Abisko, Sweden; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, 0674 Cologne, Germany; University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Baltzerstr. 1 + 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Section 3.3, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AL, United Kingdom 2 climate change; data acquisition; geochemical cycle; ice core; lacustrine environment; marine isotope stage; paleoclimate; record; silica; titanium, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Greenland; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881130929&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-679-2013&partnerID=40&md5=ff6b9131fdf3ca151d581b79c51fc16d cited By 9 L. Cunningham H. Vogel V. Wennrich O. Juschus N. Nowaczyk P. Rosen article cp-9-679-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-679-2013 Climate of the Past 9 679-686 2 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/679/2013/ L. Cunningham H. Vogel V. Wennrich O. Juschus N. Nowaczyk P. Rosen article cp-9-2759-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-2759-2013 Climate of the Past 9 2759-2775 6 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/2759/2013/ P. E. Tarasov A. A. Andreev P. M. Anderson A. V. Lozhkin C. Leipe E. Haltia N. R. Nowaczyk V. Wennrich J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article cp-9-2413-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-2413-2013 Climate of the Past 9 2413-2432 6 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/2413/2013/ N. R. Nowaczyk E. M. Haltia D. Ulbricht V. Wennrich M. A. Sauerbrey P. Rosen H. Vogel A. Francke C. Meyer-Jacob A. A. Andreev A. V. Lozhkin article Cunningham2013408 The Last Interglacial Period (LIP) is often regarded as a good analogue for potential climatic conditions under predicted global warming scenarios. Despite this, there is still debate over the nature, duration and frequency of climatic changes during this period. One particularly contentious issue has been the apparent evidence of climatic instability identified in many marine cores but seemingly lacking from many terrestrial archives, especially within the Arctic, a key region for global climate change research. In this paper, geochemical records from Lake El'gygytgyn, north-eastern Russia, are used to infer past climatic changes during the LIP from within the high Arctic. With a sampling resolution of ~. 20-~. 90. years, these records offer the potential for detailed, high-resolution palaeoclimate reconstruction. This study shows that the LIP commenced in central Chukotka ~. 129. thousand years ago (ka), with the warmest climatic conditions occurring between ~. 128 and 127. ka before being interrupted by a short-lived cold reversal. Mild climatic conditions then persisted until ~. 122. ka when a marked reduction in the sedimentation rate suggests a decrease in precipitation. A further climatic deterioration at ~. 118. ka marks the return to glacial conditions. This study highlights the value of incorporating several geochemical proxies when inferring past climatic conditions, thus providing the potential to identify signals related to environmental change within the catchment. We also demonstrate the importance of considering how changes in sedimentation rate influence proxy records, in order to develop robust palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. 2013 English 00310182 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.009 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 386 408-414 Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, SE-98107 Abisko, Sweden; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; University of Bern, Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Baltzerstr, 1+3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Section 3.3, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden climate variation; geochemical method; global warming; Last Interglacial; marine record; paleoenvironment; paleolimnology; primary production; reconstruction; sediment core; sedimentation rate, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881542454&doi=10.1016%2fj.palaeo.2013.06.009&partnerID=40&md5=176f552ae5fde8555715a0c66246b6f8 cited By 8 L. Cunningham H. Vogel N. Nowaczyk V. Wennrich O. Juschus P. Persson P. Rosen article cp-9-1467-2013 Here we present a detailed multi-proxy record of the climate and environmental evolution at Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic during the period 430-395 ka covering the marine isotope stage (MIS) 12/11 transition and the thermal maximum of super interglacial MIS 11c. The MIS 12/11 transition at Lake El'gygytgyn is characterized by initial warming followed by a cold reversal implying similarities to the last deglaciation. The thermal maximum of MIS 11c is characterized by full and remarkably stable interglacial conditions with mean temperatures of the warmest month (MTWM) ranging between ca. 10-15 C; annual precipitation (PANN) ranging between ca. 300-600 mm; strong in-lake productivity coinciding with dark coniferous forests in the catchment; annual disintegration of the lake ice cover; and full mixis of the water column. Such conditions persisted, according to our age model, for ca. 27 ± 8 kyr between ca. 425-398 ka. The Lake El'gygytgyn record closely resembles the climate pattern recorded in Lake Baikal (SE Siberia) sediments and Antarctic ice cores, implying interhemispheric climate connectivity during MIS 11c. © 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1467-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1467-1479 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Köln, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Baltzerstr. 1+3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeä University, 901 87 Umeä, Sweden; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Str., Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Palaeontology Branch, Institute of Geological Sciences, Free University Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100 Haus, 12249 Berlin, Germany; Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeä University, c/o Abisko Naturvetenskapliga Station, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden 4 climate modeling; climate variation; ice core; ice cover; interglacial; isotopic analysis; lake evolution, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1467/2013/ cited By 27 H. Vogel C. Meyer-Jacob M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette A. A. Andreev V. Wennrich P. E. Tarasov P. Rosen article Snyder20131309 The Lake El'gygytgyn sediment record contains an abundant diatom flora through most intervals of the lake's history, providing a means to create and test hypotheses concerning the lake's response to changing climates. The 0-1.2 Ma core interval is characterized by shifts in the dominant planktonic genera and events of exceptional concentration and diversity. Warm interglacial intervals have enhanced concentration and diversity of the plankton. This response is most extreme during exceptional events corresponding to marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 and 31. Diatom concentration and diversity also increase during some cold intervals (e.g., MIS 2), suggesting conditions of lake circulation and nutrient cycling promoting diatom production during these events. Short intervals of low plankton concentration accompanied by shifts in the dominant genus of the lake suggest conditions during certain cold events generate a severe impact on plankton production. The absence of these events during extended intervals of low summer insolation variability suggests a muted cold-event response of the lake system linked to regional climate. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-1309-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1309-1319 Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States; Institute of Biology and Soil Science, FEB RAS, 159 Prospect 100-Letiya, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation 3 climate variation; diatom; dominance; interglacial; nutrient cycling; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; physiological response; primary production; regional climate; species diversity, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883636267&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-1309-2013&partnerID=40&md5=1cac7ddab852f14a941844d114cc52d7 cited By 15 J.A. Snyder M.V. Cherepanova A. Bryan article cp-9-1309-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-1309-2013 Climate of the Past 9 1309-1319 3 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/1309/2013/ J. A. Snyder M. V. Cherepanova A. Bryan article Koeberl20131108 The El'gygytgyn impact structure in Chukutka, Arctic Russia, is the only impact crater currently known on Earth that was formed in mostly acid volcanic rocks (mainly of rhyolitic, with some andesitic and dacitic, compositions). In addition, because of its depth, it has provided an excellent sediment trap that records paleoclimatic information for the 3.6 Myr since its formation. For these two main reasons, because of the importance for impact and paleoclimate research, El'gygytgyn was the subject of an International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drilling project in 2009. During this project, which, due to its logistical and financial challenges, took almost a decade to come to fruition, a total of 642.3 m of drill core was recovered at two sites, from four holes. The obtained material included sedimentary and impactite rocks. In terms of impactites, which were recovered from 316.08 to 517.30 m depth below lake bottom (mblb), three main parts of that core segment were identified: from 316 to 390 mblb polymict lithic impact breccia, mostly suevite, with volcanic and impact melt clasts that locally contain shocked minerals, in a fine-grained clastic matrix; from 385 to 423 mblb, a brecciated sequence of volcanic rocks including both felsic and mafic (basalt) members; and from 423 to 517 mblb, a greenish rhyodacitic ignimbrite (mostly monomict breccia). The uppermost impactite (316-328 mblb) contains lacustrine sediment mixed with impact-affected components. Over the whole length of the impactite core, the abundance of shock features decreases rapidly from the top to the bottom of the studied core section. The distinction between original volcanic melt fragments and those that formed later as the result of the impact event posed major problems in the study of these rocks. The sequence that contains fairly unambiguous evidence of impact melt (which is not very abundant anyway, usually less than a few volume%) is only about 75 m thick. The reason for this rather thin fallback impactite sequence may be the location of the drill core on an elevated part of the central uplift. A general lack of large coherent melt bodies is evident, similar to that found at the similarly sized Bosumtwi impact crater in Ghana that, however, was formed in a target composed of a thin layer of sediment above crystalline rocks. © The Meteoritical Society, 2013. 2013 English 10869379 10.1111/maps.12146 Meteoritics and Planetary Science 48 1108-1129 Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna, A-1090, Austria; Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, Vienna, A-1010, Austria; Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstrasse 43, Berlin, 10115, Germany; Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, Cologne, D-50674, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch - Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya St., Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880162253&doi=10.1111%2fmaps.12146&partnerID=40&md5=810b03c9413055d114500811ff12bf73 cited By 28 C. Koeberl L. Pittarello W.U. Reimold U. Raschke J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles P. Minyuk article cp-9-567-2013 Marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 has been proposed as an analog for the present interglacial; however, terrestrial records of this time period are rare. Sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (67 300 N, 172 50 E) in Far East Russia contain a 3.56 Ma record of climate variability from the Arctic. Here, we present the first terrestrial Arctic reconstruction of environmental and climatic changes from MIS 8 through 12 (289 to 464 ka) using organic geochemical proxies. Terrestrial vegetation changes, as revealed by plant leaf wax (n-alkane) indices and concentrations of arborinol (a biomarker for trees), show increased tree cover around the lake during interglacial periods, with higher concentrations observed during MIS 11 as compared to MIS 9. A similar pattern is also observed in records of aquatic productivity revealed by molecular indicators from dinoflagellates (dinosterol), eustigmatophyte algae (long-chain (C28-C32) 1, 15 n-alkyl diols) in addition to short-chain n-alkanes, where aquatic productivity is highest during MIS 11. Changes recorded in these molecular proxies show a similar structure to relative temperature variability as recorded by the MBT/CBT (Methylation of Branched Tetraether/Cyclization of Branched Tetraether) paleothermometer, based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). Additionally, relative MBT/CBT temperature changes generally track pollen and diatom 18O temperature estimates, compiled by other studies, which suggest glacial-interglacial temperature changes of 9 to 12 C. These records of environmental and climatic change indicate Arctic sensitivity to external forcings such as orbital variability and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Overall, this study indicates that organic geochemical analyses of the Lake El'gygytgyn sediment archive can provide critical insight into the response of lake ecosystems and their sensitivity in high latitude regions. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-567-2013 Climate of the Past 9 567-581 Climate Systems Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 2 alga; biogeochemical cycle; biomarker; climate change; environmental change; greenhouse gas; interglacial; lacustrine deposit; latitude; marine isotope stage; temperature effect; vegetation, Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Far East; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/567/2013/ cited By 20 R. M. D'Anjou J. H. Wei I. S. Castaneda J. Brigham-Grette S. T. Petsch D. B. Finkelstein article cp-9-433-2013 2013 10.5194/cp-9-433-2013 Climate of the Past 9 433-446 1 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/9/433/2013/ P. S. Minyuk T. V. Subbotnikova L. L. Brown K. J. Murdock article Nowaczyk20132413 A 318-metre-long sedimentary profile drilled by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) at Site 5011-1 in Lake El’gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, has been analysed for its sedimentologic response to global climate modes by chronostratigraphic methods. The 12 km wide lake is sited off-centre in an 18 km large crater that was created by the impact of a meteorite 3.58 Ma ago. Since then sediments have been continuously deposited. For establishing their chronology, major reversals of the earth’s magnetic field provided initial tie points for the age model, confirming that the impact occurred in the earliest geomagnetic Gauss chron. Various stratigraphic parameters, reflecting redox conditions at the lake floor and climatic conditions in the catchment were tuned synchronously to Northern Hemisphere insolation variations and the marine oxygen isotope stack, respectively. Thus, a robust age model comprising more than 600 tie points could be defined. It could be shown that deposition of sediments in Lake El’gygytgyn occurred in concert with global climatic cycles. The upper ∼ 160 m of sediments represent the past 3.3 Ma, equivalent to sedimentation rates of 4 to 5 cm ka−1, whereas the lower 160 m represent just the first 0.3 Ma after the impact, equivalent to sedimentation rates in the order of 45 cm ka−1. This study also provides orbitally tuned ages for a total of 8 tephras deposited in Lake El’gygytgyn. © Author(s) 2013. 2013 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-9-2413-2013 Climate of the Past 9 Copernicus GmbH 2413-2432 Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zülpicher Straße 49A, Köln, 50674, Germany; Umeå University, Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Abisko, 981 07, Sweden; NEISRI, Russian Academy of Science, Magadan, 685000, Russian Federation; University of Turku, Department of Geography and Geology, Section of Geology, Turku, 20014, Finland; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Centre for Geoinformation Technology CeGIT, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, 14473, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstraße 1+3, Bern, Switzerland; Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Abisko, 981 07, Sweden 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037679435&doi=10.5194%2fcp-9-2413-2013&partnerID=40&md5=15f42d5fd40475fe4f6f4741b6a61533 cited By 53 N.R. Nowaczyk E.M. Haltia D. Ulbricht V. Wennrich M.A. Sauerbrey P. Rosen H. Vogel A. Francke C. Meyer-Jacob A.A. Andreev A.V. Lozhkin article cp-8-1897-2012 The combination of permafrost history and dynamics, lake level changes and the tectonical framework is considered to play a crucial role for sediment delivery to El'gygytgyn Crater Lake, NE Russian Arctic. The purpose of this study is to propose a depositional framework based on analyses of the core strata from the lake margin and historical reconstructions from various studies at the site. A sedimentological program has been conducted using frozen core samples from the 141.5 m long El'gygytgyn 5011-3 permafrost well. The drill site is located in sedimentary permafrost west of the lake that partly fills the El'gygytgyn Crater. The total core sequence is interpreted as strata building up a progradational alluvial fan delta. Four macroscopically distinct sedimentary units are identified. Unit 1 (141.5-117.0 m) is comprised of ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel and intercalated sandy layers. Sandy layers represent sediments which rained out as particles in the deeper part of the water column under highly energetic conditions. Unit 2 (117.0-24.25 m) is dominated by ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel with individual gravel layers. Most of the Unit 2 diamicton is understood to result from alluvial wash and subsequent gravitational sliding of coarse-grained (sandy gravel) material on the basin slope. Unit 3 (24.25-8.5 m) has ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel that is interrupted by sand beds. These sandy beds are associated with flooding events and represent near-shore sandy shoals. Unit 4 (8.5-0.0 m) is ice-cemented, matrix-supported sandy gravel with varying ice content, mostly higher than below. It consists of slope material and creek fill deposits. The uppermost metre is the active layer (i.e. the top layer of soil with seasonal freeze and thaw) into which modern soil organic matter has been incorporated. The nature of the progradational sediment transport taking place from the western and northern crater margins may be related to the complementary occurrence of frequent turbiditic layers in the central lake basin, as is known from the lake sediment record. Slope processes such as gravitational sliding and sheet flooding occur especially during spring melt and promote mass wasting into the basin. Tectonics are inferred to have initiated the fan accumulation in the first place and possibly the off-centre displacement of the crater lake. © Author(s) 2012. 2012 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-8-1897-2012 Climate of the Past 8 1897-1911 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street 38, 199397 St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation; St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Geography and Geoecology, 10 line V.O., 33, 199178 St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation; Cologne University, Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, Zülpicher Str., 50674 Cologne, Germany 6 alluvial fan; crater lake; depositional environment; displacement; flooding; matrix; nearshore environment; permafrost; reconstruction; sediment core; sediment transport; sedimentology; sliding; turbidity; water column, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1897/2012/ cited By 15 G. Schwamborn G. Fedorov N. Ostanin L. Schirrmeister A. Andreev Party article cp-8-1287-2012 Frozen sediments from three cores bored in the permafrost surrounding the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater Lake have been studied for pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, plant macrofossils and rhizopods. The palynological study of these cores contributes to a higher resolution of time intervals presented in a poor temporal resolution in the lacustrine sediments; namely the Allerød and succeeding periods. Moreover, the permafrost records better reflect local environmental changes, allowing a more reliable reconstruction of the local paleoenvironments. The new data confirm that shrub tundra with dwarf birch, shrub alder and willow dominated the lake surroundings during the Allerød warming. Younger Dryas pollen assemblages reflect abrupt changes to grass-sedge-herb dominated environments reflecting significantly drier and cooler climate. Low shrub tundra with dwarf birch and willow dominate the lake vicinity at the onset of the Holocene. The find of larch seeds indicate its local presence around 11 000 cal yr BP and, thus a northward shift of treeline by about 100 km during the early Holocene thermal optimum. Forest tundra with larch and shrub alder stands grew in the area during the early Holocene. After ca. 3500 cal yr BP similar-to-modern plant communities became common in the lake vicinity. © 2009 Author(s). 2012 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-8-1287-2012 Climate of the Past 8 1287-1300 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674, Cologne, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering St. 38, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Department of Periglacial Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russian Federation; Senckenberg, Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Research Station for Quaternary Paleontology, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, 99423 Weimar, Germany 4 climate change; environmental change; Hypsithermal; paleoenvironment; permafrost; sediment core; temporal record; treeline; vegetation history, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1287/2012/ cited By 35 A. A. Andreev E. Morozova G. Fedorov L. Schirrmeister A. A. Bobrov F. Kienast G. Schwamborn article Melles2012315 The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. A sediment core from Lake El'gygytgyn in northeastern (NE) Russia provides a continuous, high-resolution record from the Arctic, spanning the past 2.8 million years. This core reveals numerous "super interglacials" during the Quaternary; for marine benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31, maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation values are ∼4° to 5°C and ∼300 millimeters higher than those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show that these extreme warm conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity. 2012 English 00368075 10.1126/science.1222135 Science 337 American Association for the Advancement of Science 315-320 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Far East Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, 16 Portovaya Street, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation; Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg C321, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, United States; Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-981 07 Abisko, Sweden; Institute of Geological Sciences, Free University Berlin, Haus D, Malteserstrasse 74-100, D-12249 Berlin, Germany; Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA 01602, United States; Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden 6092 arctic environment; climate modeling; climate prediction; climate variation; greenhouse gas; ice sheet; interglacial; marine isotope stage; precipitation (climatology); sediment core, arctic climate; article; benthos; climate change; greenhouse effect; greenhouse gas; interglacial; lake; priority journal; Quaternary (period); Russian Federation; seasonal variation; summer, Antarctica; Arctic; Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; West Antarctica https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863991981&doi=10.1126%2fscience.1222135&partnerID=40&md5=daded2d6271d52289f62ef3609e8f75d cited By 339 M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette P.S. Minyuk N.R. Nowaczyk V. Wennrich R.M. DeConto P.M. Anderson A.A. Andreev A. Coletti T.L. Cook E. Haltia-Hovi M. Kukkonen A.V. Lozhkin P. Rosen P. Tarasov H. Vogel B. Wagner article Chapligin2012185 Mineral particles and other contaminants cause a serious and undesirable shift in δ 18O values of biogenic silica and should be removed prior to isotope analysis. This problem is particularly significant in the fraction containing clay particles and therefore the fraction &lt;10μm is generally avoided. Here, we present an updated preparation protocol for the &lt;10μm fraction based on known methods, developed using test material from short cores of Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Russia. New contamination assessment and correction techniques are discussed. Best results (low initial weight/high precision and throughput rate) for the &lt;10μm fraction were achieved using geochemical mass-balancing and determining the "percentage of contamination" by analysing the sample's and end-member's Al 2O 3 with improved Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) protocols or by determining the factor for calculating the percentage of contamination from the Al 2O 3 percentage of clay assemblages. Despite using small initial weights for ICP-OES (10mg) and EDS analysis (&lt;0.5mg) a sufficiently high precision (for low Al 2O 3 percentages between 0.1 and 1.5%) could be achieved.For the &gt;10μm fraction, point-counting under the light microscope was the preferred option. The different size-fractions from Lake El'gygytgyn samples show a distinct and significantly different species composition (average counts: &lt;10μm: &gt;90% Cyclotella ocellata complex; &gt;10μm: &gt;60% Pliocaenicus seczkinae). Differences in the oxygen isotope composition of these different size fractions could be explained by a species-effect on the δ 18O values. However, this species-effect disappeared after the correction (avg δ 18O &lt;10μm: 19.8±0.6‰; &gt;10μm: 19.8±0.4‰). By comparing these δ 18O values with additional recent water samples, an average 1000 ln α of 39.6‰ for Lake El'gygytgyn sub-recent diatoms was calculated. This "tool-kit" provides support for the presented improved contamination assessment and corrections and allows utilising smaller initial weight (app. 10mg) and small fractions (&lt;10μm) for gaining corrected, higher resolution δ 18O records. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.. 2012 English 00092541 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.01.004 Chemical Geology 300-301 185-199 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Bowling Green State University, Department of Geology, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States; German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Helmholtz Centre Postdam Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany Diatoms; El'gygytgyn; ICP-OES; Species-effect; XRF, Aluminum; Emission spectroscopy; Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Inductively coupled plasma; Isotopes; Lakes; Oxygen; Phytoplankton; Rating; Silica, Contamination, assessment method; biogenic material; biomonitoring; error correction; inductively coupled plasma method; isotopic composition; lake pollution; mass balance; oxygen isotope; pollutant transport; purification; silica; X-ray spectroscopy, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation, Bacillariophyta; Cyclotella ocellata; Pliocaenicus https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84857319780&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2012.01.004&partnerID=40&md5=e36f25a9ce51543e98df29552d5d1116 cited By 32 B. Chapligin H. Meyer A. Bryan J. SNYDER H. Kemnitz article cp-8-1621-2012 In 2003 sediment core Lz1024 was drilled at Lake El'gygytgyn, far east Russian Arctic, in an area of the Northern Hemisphere which has not been glaciated for the last 3.6 Ma. Biogenic silica was used for analysing the oxygen isotope composition (δ18Odiatom) in the upper 13 m long section dating back about 250 ka with samples dominated by one taxa in the &lt;10 μm fraction (Cyclotella ocellata). Downcore variations in δ18O values show that glacial-interglacial cycles are present throughout the core and δ18Odiatom-values are mainly controlled by δ18Oprecipitation. Changes reflect the Holocene Thermal Maximum, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the interglacial periods corresponding to MIS 5.5 and MIS 7 with a peak-to-peak amplitude between LGM and MIS 5.5 of Δ18O = 5.3‰. This corresponds to a mean annual air temperature difference of about 9 °C. Our record is the first continuous δ18Odiatom record from an Arctic lake sediment core directly responding to precipitation and dating back more than 250 ka and correlates well with the stacked marine δ18O LR04 (r = 0.58) and δD EPICA Dome-C record (r = 0.69). With δ18O results indicating strong links to both marine and ice-core records, records from Lake El'gygytgyn can be used to further investigate the sensitivity of the Arctic climate to both past and future global climatic changes. © Author(s) 2012. 2012 English 18149324 10.5194/cp-8-1621-2012 Climate of the Past 8 1621-1636 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden 5 air temperature; arctic environment; diatom; glacial-interglacial cycle; ice core; isotopic composition; lacustrine deposit; Last Glacial Maximum; marine isotope stage; oxygen isotope; sediment core; silica, Antarctica; Arctic; Chukchi; Dome Concordia; East Antarctica; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/8/1621/2012/ cited By 29 B. Chapligin H. Meyer G. E. A. Swann C. Meyer-Jacob H.-W. Hubberten article Chapligin20117242 Several techniques have been introduced in the last decades for the dehydration and release of O2 from biogenic silica (opal-A) for oxygen-isotope analysis. However, only one silica standard is universally available: a quartz standard (NBS28) distributed by the IAEA, Vienna. Hence, there is a need for biogenic silica working standards. This paper compares the existing methods of oxygen-isotope analyses of opal-A and aims to characterize additional possible working standards to calibrate the δ18O values of biogenic silica. For this purpose, an inter-laboratory comparison was organized. Six potential working standard materials were analysed repeatedly against NBS28 by eight participating laboratories using their specific analytical methods. The materials cover a wide range of δ18O values (+23 to +43‰) and include diatoms (marine, lacustrine), phytoliths and synthetically-produced hydrous silica. To characterize the proposed standards, chemical analyses and imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed. Despite procedural differences at each laboratory, all methods are in reasonable agreement with a standard deviation (SD) for δ18O values between 0.3‰ and 0.9‰ (1σ). Based on the results, we propose four additional biogenic silica working standards (PS1772-8: 42.8‰; BFC: 29.0‰; MSG60: 37.0‰; G95-25-CL leaves: 36.6‰) for δ18O analyses, available on request through the relevant laboratories. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 2011 English 00167037 10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.011 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 7242-7256 Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam and Bremerhaven, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory (NIGL), British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom; Laboratory for Stable Isotope Science, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario (UWO), London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada; CEREGE, CNRS, IRD, Université Aix-Marseille, Europôle de l'Arbois, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 4, France; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico (UNM), Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3: Agrosphere, Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; Weizmann Institute of Science (WIS), Rehovot 76100, Israel; Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom; School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom 22 biogenic mineral; calibration; comparative study; isotopic analysis; isotopic composition; laboratory method; opal; oxygen isotope; scanning electron microscopy, Bacillariophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055028352&doi=10.1016%2fj.gca.2011.08.011&partnerID=40&md5=5ed839244f354bcd38a40a4904e6a0a4 cited By 67 B. Chapligin M.J. Leng E. Webb A. Alexandre J.P. Dodd A. Ijiri A. Lücke A. Shemesh A. Abelmann U. Herzschuh F.J. Longstaffe H. Meyer R. Moschen Y. Okazaki N.H. Rees Z.D. Sharp H.J. Sloane C. Sonzogni G.E.A. Swann F. Sylvestre J.J. Tyler R. Yam article Juschus2011441 Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6. Ma old impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Presented here is a reconstruction of the Quaternary lake-level history as derived from sediment cores from the southern lake shelf. There, a cliff-like bench 10. m below the modern water level has been investigated. Deep-water sediments on the shelf indicate high lake levels during a warm Mid-Pleistocene period. One period with low lake level prior to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 has been identified, followed by a period of high lake level (10. m above present). In the course of MIS 2 the lake level dropped to -10 m At the end of MIS 2 the bench was formed and coarse beach sedimentation occurred. Subsequently, the lake level rose rapidly to the Holocene level. Changes in water level are likely linked to climate variability. During relatively temperate periods the lake becomes free of ice in summer. Strong wave actions transport sediment parallel to the coast and towards the outlet, where the material tends to accumulate, resulting in lake level rise. During cold periods the perennial lake ice cover hampers any wave activity and pebble-transport, keeping the outlet open and causing the lake level to drop. © 2011 University of Washington. 2011 English 00335894 10.1016/j.yqres.2011.06.010 Quaternary Research 76 441-451 Institute of Applied Geoscience, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, Sek ACK 1-1, 13355 Berlin, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg, 14471 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences, Universität Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1+3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Climate variability; Deep-water sediments; Holocenes; Ice cover; Impact craters; Lake levels; Lake-level changes; Late quaternary; Marine oxygen isotopes; Sediment core; SIBERIA; Siberian Arctic; Strong waves; Wave activity, Anoxic sediments; Climatology; Isotopes; Sedimentology; Water levels, Lakes, ice cover; lake level; oxygen isotope; Quaternary; sediment core; sediment transport; sedimentation; water level, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation; Serbia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82455164294&doi=10.1016%2fj.yqres.2011.06.010&partnerID=40&md5=58fc6a3e73f39f207e70f8cebbb359c6 cited By 23 O. Juschus M. Pavlov G. Schwamborn F. Preusser G. Fedorov M. Melles article Brigham-Grette201180 2011 English 10428275 10.5670/oceanog.2011.58 Oceanography 24 80-81 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Magadan, Russian Federation; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Natural History Museum of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 3 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052571001&doi=10.5670%2foceanog.2011.58&partnerID=40&md5=ba58c80e8c004674bc7254c3b323ae2e cited By 0 J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles P. Minyuk C. Koeberl article Melles201129 Between October 2008 and May 2009, the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) co-sponsored a campaign at Lake El'gygytgyn, located in a 3.6-Ma-old meteorite impact crater in northeastern Siberia. Drilling targets included three holes in the center of the 170-m-deep lake, utilizing the lake ice cover as a drilling platform, plus one hole close to the shore in the western lake catchment. At the lake's center. the entire 315-m-thick lake sediment succession was penetrated. The sediments lack any hiatuses (i.e., no evidence of basin glaciation or desiccation), and their composition reflects the regional climatic and environmental history with great sensitivity. Hence, the record provides the first comprehensive and widely timecontinuous insights into the evolution of the terrestrial Arctic since mid-Pliocene times. This is particularly true for the lowermost 40 meters and uppermost 150 meters of the sequence, which were drilled with almost 100% recovery and likely reflect the initial lake stage during the Pliocene and the last ~2.9 Ma, respectively. Nearly 200 meters of underlying rock were also recovered; these cores consist of an almost complete section of the various types of impact breccias including broken and fractured volcanic basement rocks and associated melt clasts. The investigation of this core sequence promises new information concerning the El'gygytgyn impact event, including the composition and nature of the meteorite, the energy released, and the shock behavior of the volcanic basement rocks. Complementary information on the regional environmental history, including the permafrost history and lake-level fluctuations, is being developed from a 142-m-long drill core recovered from the permafrost deposits in the lake catchment. This core consists of gravelly and sandy alluvial fan deposits in ice-rich permafrost, presumably comprising a discontinuous record of both Quaternary and Pliocene deposits. 2011 English 18168957 10.2204/iodp.sd.11.03.2011 Scientific Drilling Copernicus GmbH 29-40 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, FEB RAS, 16 Portovaya St., 685000, Magadan, Russian Federation; Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Natural History Museum, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Telegrafenberg C321, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany 1 Anoxic sediments; Catchments; Core drilling; Deposits; Drilling platforms; Glacial geology; Meteor impacts; Meteorites; Permafrost; Recovery; Runoff; Sedimentology; Volcanic rocks; Volcanoes, Alluvial fans; Basement rocks; Drill core; Drilling targets; Environmental history; Ice cover; Ice-rich permafrost; Impact events; Information concerning; Lake sediments; Level fluctuation; Meteorite impact; Mid-Pliocene; Pliocene; Pliocene deposits; Scientific drilling; SIBERIA; Underlying rocks, Lakes https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955134100&doi=10.2204%2fiodp.sd.11.03.2011&partnerID=40&md5=0cb1852bef890c3dff80747bd19e7372 cited By 66 M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette P. Minyuk C. Koeberl A. Andreev T. Cook G. Fedorov C. Gebhardt E. Haltia-Hovi M. Kukkonen N. Nowaczyk G. Schwamborn V. Wennrich article Conze201030 2010 English 18168957 10.5194/sd-9-30-2010 Scientific Drilling Integrated Ocean Drilling Program 30-31 Operational Support Group ICDP, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Smartcube GmbH Berlin, Puschkinallee 48, D-12435 Berlin, Germany; Andrill Science Management Office, 126 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, United States; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, P.O. Box 880851, Loncoln, NE 68588-0341, United States; University of Illinois at Chicago, Electronic Visualization Laboratory, United States; MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., D-28359 Bremen, Germany; British Geological Survey Edinburgh, ESO - ECORD Science Operator, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Cologne, Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, D-50674 Koeln, Germany 9 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651586654&doi=10.5194%2fsd-9-30-2010&partnerID=40&md5=237a45dcde4ac7adc770963c7a2d903f cited By 2 R. Conze F. Krysiak J. Reed Y.-C. Chen H.-J. Wallrabe-Adams C. Graham V. Wennrich article Gibson2010 2010 English 00721077 10.1130/2010.2465(00) Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 465 vii-xii Impact Cratering Research Group, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany cratering; impact structure; literature review; planetary evolution https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650934522&doi=10.1130%2f2010.2465%2800%29&partnerID=40&md5=732258c8a4600122b1358cfbbfe0af55 cited By 1 R.L. Gibson W.U. Reimold article Rosén2010247 We demonstrate the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) to make quantitative measures of total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC) and biogenic silica (BSi)concentrations in sediment. FTIRS is a fast and cost-effective technique and only small sediment samples are needed (0.01 g). Statistically significant models were developed using sediment samples from northern Sweden and were applied to sediment records from Sweden, northeast Siberia and Macedonia. The correlation between FTIRS-inferred values and amounts of biogeochemical constituents assessed conventionally varied between r = 0.84-0.99 for TOC, r = 0.85-0.99 for TIC, and r = 0.68-0.94 for BSi. Because FTIR spectra contain information on a large number of both inorganic and organic components, there is great potential for FTIRS to become an important tool in paleolimnology. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009. 2010 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-009-9329-4 Journal of Paleolimnology 43 247-259 Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, 98107 Abisko, Sweden; Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; GeoBiosphere Science Centre, Quaternary Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan. 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden; Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingørsgade 51, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark 2 biogenic deposit; biogeochemistry; concentration (composition); correlation; FTIR spectroscopy; inorganic carbon; lacustrine deposit; paleolimnology; quantitative analysis; sediment chemistry; silica; total organic carbon, Greece; Macedonia [Greece]; Siberia; Sweden https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77956302739&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-009-9329-4&partnerID=40&md5=b3ac293c85318db762eb2fedcda9bfeb cited By 73 P. Rosen H. Vogel L. Cunningham N. Reuss D.J. Conley P. Persson article Swann2010774 Determining the response of sites within the Arctic Circle to long-term climatic change remains an essential pre-requisite for assessing the susceptibility of these regions to future global warming and Arctic amplification. To date, existing records from North East Russia have demonstrated significant spatial variability across the region during the late Quaternary. Here we present diatom δ18O and δ30Si data from Lake El'gygytgyn, Russia, and suggest environmental changes that would have impacted across West Beringia from the Last Glacial Maximum to the modern day. In combination with other records, the results raise the potential for climatic teleconnections to exist between the region and sites in the North Atlantic. The presence of a series of 2-3‰ decreases in δ18Odiatom during both the Last Glacial and the Holocene indicates the sensitivity of the region to perturbations in the global climate system. Evidence of an unusually long Holocene thermal maximum from 11.4 ka BP to 7.6 ka BP is followed by a cooling trend through the remainder of the Holocene in response to changes in solar insolation. This is culminated over the last 900 years by a significant decrease in δ18Odiatom of 2.3‰, which may be related to a strengthening and easterly shift of the Aleutian Low in addition to possible changes in precipitation seasonality. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2010 English 02773791 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.024 Quaternary Science Reviews 29 774-786 NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, United Kingdom; School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 5-6 Aleutian low; Arctic Circle; Climatic changes; Cooling trends; Environmental change; Global climate system; Holocenes; Isotope record; Last glacial; Last Glacial Maximum; Late quaternary; North Atlantic; North-East Siberia; Seasonality; Solar insolation; Spatial variability; Teleconnections; Thermal maxima, Amplification; Global warming; Isotopes; Oxygen, Glacial geology, climate variation; Holocene; isotopic analysis; oxygen isotope; perturbation; silicon; spatial variation, Atlantic Ocean; Atlantic Ocean (North); Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation, Bacillariophyta https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76449095430&doi=10.1016%2fj.quascirev.2009.11.024&partnerID=40&md5=d1cd57b3af5bb3187f2316c32e97c3f1 cited By 55 G.E.A. Swann M.J. Leng O. Juschus M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette H.J. Sloane article Chapligin20102655 The determination of the oxygen isotope composition of diatom silica in sediment cores is important for paleoclimate reconstruction, especially in non-carbonate sediments, where no other bioindicators such as ostracods and foraminifera are available. Since most currently available analytical techniques are time-consuming and labour-intensive, we have developed a new, safer, faster and semi-automated online approach for measuring oxygen isotopes in biogenic silica. Improvements include software that controls the measurement procedures and a video camera that remotely records the reaction of the samples under BrF5 with a CO2 laser. Maximum safety is guaranteed as the laserfluorination unit is arranged under a fume hood in a separate room from the operator. A new routine has been developed for removing the exchangeable hydrous components within biogenic silica using ramp degassing. The sample plate is heated up to 1100°C and cooled down to 400°C in ~7 h under a flow of He gas (the inert Gas Flow Dehydration method - iGFD) before isotope analysis. Two quartz and two biogenic silica samples (~1.5 mg) of known isotope composition were tested. The isotopic compositions were reproducible within an acceptable error; quartz samples gave a mean standard deviation of &lt;0.15%(1σ) and for biogenic silica &lt;0.25%(1σ) for samples down to ~0.3 mg. The semiautomated fluorination line is the fastest method available at present and enables a throughput of 74 samples/week. © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. 2010 English 09514198 10.1002/rcm.4689 Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 24 2655-2664 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Free University of Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Malteserstr. 74-100, Berlin, D-12249, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany; MS-Analysentechnik, Aßmannshauser Str.12, D-14197 Berlin, Germany 17 helium; oxygen; silicon dioxide, article; chemistry; desiccation; diatom; instrumentation; ion exchange; isolation and purification; laboratory automation; methodology; paleontology; reproducibility; sensitivity and specificity, Automation, Laboratory; Desiccation; Diatoms; Helium; Ion Exchange; Oxygen Isotopes; Paleontology; Quartz; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon Dioxide https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955385336&doi=10.1002%2frcm.4689&partnerID=40&md5=4ba1352c9eb3f745d563f2533ef2c1b4 cited By 38 B. Chapligin H. Meyer H. Friedrichsen A. Marent E. Sohns H.-W. Hubberten article Brigham-Grette200938 2009 English 18168957 10.2204/iodp.sd.7.05.2009 Scientific Drilling 38-39 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany 7 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651547562&doi=10.2204%2fiodp.sd.7.05.2009&partnerID=40&md5=eb5db8fb63634328883dde82b832ab6e cited By 3 J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article Brigham-Grette200918431 2009 English 00278424 10.1073/pnas.0910346106 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 106 18431-18432 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 44 arctic climate; deglaciation; global climate; greenhouse effect; lake ecosystem; note; paleoclimate; priority journal; temperature measurement, Arctic Regions; Fresh Water; Geography; Geologic Sediments; Global Warming; Paleontology; Time Factors https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73249134817&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.0910346106&partnerID=40&md5=3f9554812dc15cfa7b721cebbee347c7 cited By 9 J. Brigham-Grette article koeberl2009drilling 2009 Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement 72 5014 Christian Koeberl Julie Brigham-Grette Martin Melles Pavel Minyuk article brigham2009lake 2009 PAGES (Past Global Changes) News 17 PAGES International Project Office 19-21 1 J Brigham-Grette M Melles P Minyuk C Koeberl others article Juschus20092155 Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3·6 Myr old impact crater in North-eastern Siberia. Its sedimentary record probably represents the most complete archive of Pliocene and Quaternary climate change in the terrestrial Arctic. In order to investigate the influence of gravitational sediment transport on the pelagic sediment record in the lake centre, two sediment cores were recovered from the lower western lake slope. The cores penetrate a sub-recent mass movement deposit that was identified by 3·5 kHz echo sounding. In the proximal part of this deposit, deformed sediments reflect an initial debris flow characterized by limited sediment mixture. Above and in front of the debrite, a wide massive densite indicates a second stage with a liquefied dense flow. The mass movement event led to basal erosion of ca 1 m thick unconsolidated sediments along parts of its flow path. The event produced a suspension cloud, whose deposition led to the formation of a turbidite. The occurrence of the turbidite throughout the lake and the limited erosion at its base mainly suggest deposition by 'pelagic rain' following Stokes' Law. Very similar radiocarbon dates obtained in the sediments directly beneath and above the turbidite in the central lake confirm this interpretation. When applying the depositional model for the Late Quaternary sediment record of Lake El'gygytgyn, the recovered turbidites allow reconstruction of the frequency and temporal distribution of large mass movement events at the lake slopes. In total, 28 turbidites and related deposits were identified in two, 12·9 and 16·6 m long, sediment cores from the central lake area covering approximately 300 kyr. © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 International Association of Sedimentologists. 2009 English 00370746 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01074.x Sedimentology 56 2155-2174 Institute for Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Strasse 49a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany 7 Basal erosion; Debris flows; Depositional models; Eastern Siberia; Flow path; Impact craters; Lake areas; Late Quaternary; Mass movement; Pelagic sediments; Pliocene; Quaternary climate; Radiocarbon dates; Sediment core; Sedimentary records; Siberian Arctic; Stokes' law; Temporal distribution; Turbidite; Unconsolidated sediment, Anoxic sediments; Climate change; Debris; Deposits; Erosion; Petroleum geology; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Sedimentology, Lakes, climate variation; debris flow; deposition velocity; echo sounding; erosion rate; formation mechanism; lacustrine deposit; mass movement; paleoclimate; Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary; Quaternary; sediment core; sediment transport; Stokes formula; turbidite; unconsolidated medium, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-73249143083&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3091.2009.01074.x&partnerID=40&md5=1b5ef6542624aa9487178d4d60a93477 cited By 27 O. Juschus M. Melles A.C. Gebhardt F. Niessen article pienitz2009results 2009 Pages News 17 117-118 3 R Pienitz M Melles B Zolitschka article Stachura-Suchoples2008171 Pliocaenicus seczkinae Stachura-Suchoples, Genkal & Khursevich, sp. nov. was described from the phytoplankton samples and surface bottom deposits of Lake El'gygytgyn located in central Chukotka, NE Russia. The species is distinguished from the nominate variety of P. costatus mainly by the different structure of the valve face fultoportulae, which open externally with distinct short tubes and are flanked by two satellite pores. The tubes are located in small depressions within the radial rows of areolae. These observations have important implications for the entire genus, as up until now all known Pliocaenicus species had external fultoportulae openings lacking tubuli. Pliocaenicus seczkinae is the second known species of the genus Pliocaenicus to be found in modern populations. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. 2008 English 0269249X 10.1080/0269249X.2008.9705745 Diatom Research 23 171-184 Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A 43, Potsdam, D-14473, Germany; I. D. Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Settle of Borok, Nekouzsky district, Yaroslavl Region, 152742, Russian Federation; Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 7 Kuprevich street, Minsk, 220141, Belarus 1 diatom; morphology; phytoplankton; taxonomy, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Eurasia; Russian Federation, Pliocaenicus; Pliocaenicus costatus https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-43549101141&doi=10.1080%2f0269249X.2008.9705745&partnerID=40&md5=12dfaf0277ef15ce5951f7448ad4f243 cited By 10 K. Stachura-Suchoples S. Genkal G. Khursevich article Vogel2008689 Measurements of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) in the mid-infrared (MIR) region were conducted on sedimentary records from Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Siberia, and Lake Ohrid, Albania/Macedonia. Calibration models relating FTIR spectral information to biogeochemical property concentrations were established using partial least squares regression (PLSR). They showed good statistical performance for total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and biogenic silica (opal) in the sediment record from Lake El'gygytgyn, and for TOC, total inorganic carbon (TIC), TN, and opal in sediments from Lake Ohrid. In both cases, the calibration models were successfully applied for down-core analysis. The results, in combination with the small amount of sample material needed, negligible sample pre-treatments, and low costs of analysis, demonstrate that FTIRS is a promising, cost-effective tool that allows high-resolution paleolimnological studies. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-008-9193-7 Journal of Paleolimnology 40 689-702 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, Abisko 98107, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umea 90187, Sweden 2 biogenic deposit; biogeochemistry; cost-benefit analysis; FTIR spectroscopy; paleolimnology; quantitative analysis; sediment core, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Eurasia; Europe; Lake Ohrid; Russian Federation; Southern Europe https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46649121481&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-008-9193-7&partnerID=40&md5=0276302f1f01a23ab50212e2b90b4efe cited By 69 H. Vogel P. Rosen B. Wagner M. Melles P. Persson article Schwamborn200855 Late Quaternary sediments in a permafrost environment recovered from the Elgygytgyn Impact Crater were studied to determine regional palaeoenvironmental variability and infer past water-level changes of the crater lake. Stratigraphic analysis of a 5m long permafrost core is based on various lithological (grain size, total organic carbon, magnetic susceptibility) and hydrochemical (oxygen isotope composition, major cation content) properties and pore ice content. The results show that alluvial sediments accumulated on top of cryogenically weathered volcanic rock. Changes in the hydrochemical properties reflect different stages of cryogenic weathering. The lithological characteristics mark the transition from an erosive site to a site with accumulation. This environmental change is linked to a relative lake level highstand at >13 000 yr BP, when a shoreline bar was formed leading to slope sedimentation. Lake level dropped by 4m during the Holocene. © 2007 The Authors, Journal compilation © 2007 The Boreas Collegium. 2008 English 03009483 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2007.00011.x Boreas 37 55-65 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 1 climate change; glacial deposit; highstand; lake level; paleoenvironment; paleohydrology; Quaternary; sedimentation rate; weathering, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Eurasia; Russian Federation; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62649085517&doi=10.1111%2fj.1502-3885.2007.00011.x&partnerID=40&md5=59865f6310e44291bd0aa86d6239fe5c cited By 30 G. Schwamborn G. Fedorov L. Schirrmeister H. Meyer H.-W. Hubberten article Lozhkin2007135 Three types of pollen assemblages (shrub-dominated, mixed herb- and shrub-dominated, and herb-dominated) characterize the ∼300,000 year palynological record from El'gygytgyn Lake. Despite major changes in global climatic forcings, all pollen spectra, with a few isolated exceptions, have strong to possible analogs in the modern plant communities of Northeast Siberia and Alaska. Paleoclimatic reconstructions based on squared chord-distance analog analyses indicate two periods (∼8600-10,700 14C year B.P. and OIS 5e) when summers were perhaps ∼2 to 4°C warmer than modern. January temperatures were also warmer than present, and both July and January were wetter than today. Palynological data remain inconclusive as to the establishment of forests near El'gygytgyn Lake at these times. The wettest Julys occurred during OIS 5 d. July temperatures were near modern, and Januarys were colder and drier than now. January temperatures, even into the Middle Pleistocene, generally show little variability, suggesting that the suppression of arboreal taxa during glaciations was likely caused by cool summers with low effective moisture and not by frigid winters. Because age schemes that correlate magnetic susceptibility to variations in summer insolation or ∂18O have cool plant taxa persisting in warm times (and vice versa), we propose an alternative age model based on the palynological data. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9018-5 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 135-153 North East Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya St., Magadan 685000, Russian Federation; Earth and Space Sciences and Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, P. Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, United States 1 paleoclimate; paleoecology; palynology; Pleistocene; pollen; vegetation history, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845957928&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9018-5&partnerID=40&md5=7eea56448300ee5da2130d0059127cfe cited By 108 A.V. Lozhkin P.M. Anderson T.V. Matrosova P.S. Minyuk article Niessen200749 The 12 km wide and about 175 m deep El'gygytgyn crater lake in Central Chukotka, NE Siberia, is of special interest for investigation as it could provide the first undisturbed 3.6 Ma terrestrial record from the Arctic realm, reaching back a million years before the first major glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere. A single-channel seismic survey was carried out on an expedition to the lake in 2000, in which both high resolution and deep penetration data were acquired. Seismic data suggest an impact crater structure in Cretaceous volcanic bedrock, indicated by velocities of &gt;5000 m s-1, whose upper 500-600 m is brecciated. The lake is filled with two units of sediments, the upper one well stratified and the lower one massive. In the center of the lake, the combined thickness of the two sedimentary units is estimated to be 320-350 m. The upper unit is draped over the location of an interpreted central peak and is locally intercalated with debris flows, mainly in the western part of the lake and at the lake margins. Most of the lower unit is obscured by multiples as a result of high reflection coefficients in the upper unit. As at least the upper unit appears to be undisturbed by glaciation, the lake should yields unique information on the paleoclimatic development of the East Siberian Arctic. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9022-9 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 49-63 Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, D-27515 Bremerhaven, Germany; Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; University Leipzig, Institute for Geophysics and Geology, Talstr. 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 1 crater lake; impact structure; lacustrine deposit; paleoclimate; seismic data; seismic survey, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845936633&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9022-9&partnerID=40&md5=cf701803e0b557de48ff2585e86076ec cited By 36 F. Niessen A.C. Gebhardt C. Kopsch B. Wagner article Asikainen2007105 El'gygytgyn Crater Lake, NE Siberia was investigated for sedimentological proxies for regional climate change with a focus on the past 65 ka. Sedimentological parameters assessed relative to magnetic susceptibility include stratigraphy, grain size, clay mineralogy and crystallinity. Earlier work suggests that intervals of high susceptibility in these sediments are coincident with warmer (interglacial-like) conditions and well-mixed oxygenated bottom waters. In contrast, low susceptibility intervals correlate with cold (glacial-like) conditions when perennial ice-cover resulted in anoxia and the dissolution of magnetic carrier minerals. The core stratigraphy contains both well-laminated to non-laminated sequences. Reduced oxygen and lack of water column mixing preserved laminated sequences in the core. A bioturbation index based upon these laminated and non- laminated sequences co-varies with total organic carbon (TOC) and magnetic susceptibility. Clay mineral assemblages include illite, highly inter-stratified illite/smectite, and chlorite. Under warm or hydrolyzing conditions on the landscape around the lake, chlorite weathers easily and illite/smectite abundance increase, which produces an inverse relationship in the relative abundance of these clays. Trends in relative abundance show distinct down-core changes that correlate with shifts in susceptibility. The mean grain-size (6.92 μm) is in the silt-size fraction, with few grains larger than 65 μm. Terrigenous input to the lake comes from over 50 streams that are filtered through storm berms, which limits clastic deposition into the lake system. The sedimentation rate and terrigenous input grain-size is reduced during glacial intervals. Measurements of particle-size distribution indicate that the magnetic susceptibility fluctuations are not related to grain size. Lake El'gygytgyn's magnetic susceptibility and clay mineralogy preserves regional shifts in climate including many globally recognized events like the Younger Dryas and Bolling/Allerod. The sedimentary deposits reflect the climatic transitions starting with MIS4 through the Holocene transition. This work represents the first extensive sedimentological study of limnic sediment proxies of this age from Chukotka (Fig. 1). © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9026-5 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 105-122 Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Québec, Que. G1K 9A9, Canada 1 bioturbation; clay mineral; climate change; crater lake; grain size; lacustrine deposit; paleoclimate; proxy climate record; sedimentology, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845939919&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9026-5&partnerID=40&md5=3afc2cb8fb7a02d7fb1850d6a777d763 cited By 57 C.A. Asikainen P. Francus J. Brigham-Grette article Melles200789 The ca. 13 m long sediment core PG1351, recovered in 1998 from the central part of Lake El'gygytgyn, NE Siberia, was investigated for lithostratigraphy, water content, dry bulk density (DBD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) and biogenic silica (opal) contents, and for TOC stable isotope ratios (δ13CTOC). The event stratigraphy recorded in major differences in sediment composition match variations in regional summer insolation, thus confirming a new age model for this core, which suggests that it spans the last 250 ka BP. Four depositional units of contrasting lithological and biogeochemical composition have been distinguished, reflecting past environmental conditions associated with relatively warm, peak warm, cold and dry, and cold but more moist climate modes. A relatively warm climate, resulting in complete summer melt of the lake ice cover and seasonal mixing of the water column, prevailed during the Holocene and Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3, 5.1, 5.3, 6.1, 6.3, 6.5, 7.1-7.3, 7.5, 8.1 and 8.3. MIS 5.5 (Eemian) was characterized by significantly enhanced aquatic primary production and organic matter supply from the catchment, indicating peak warm conditions. During MIS 2, 5.2, 5.4, 6.2 and 6.4 the climate was cold and dry, leading to perennial lake ice cover, little regional snowfall, and a stagnant water body. A cold but more moist climate during MIS 4, 6.6, 7.4, 8.2 and 8.4 is thought to have produced more snow cover on the perennial ice, strongly reducing light penetration and biogenic primary production in the lake. While the cold-warm pattern during the past three glacial-interglacial cycles is probably controlled by changes in regional summer insolation, differences in the intensity of the warm phases and in the degree of aridity (changing snowfall) during cold phases likely were due to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9025-6 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 89-104 Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Building, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; North East Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya Street, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation; GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg C321, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Research Unit Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany 1 climate variation; geochemistry; glacial-interglacial cycle; Holocene; insolation; marine isotope stage; paleoclimate; paleolimnology; sediment core, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845963701&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9025-6&partnerID=40&md5=a2739ac08d9c685a61ef33d6f2e2e258 cited By 98 M. Melles J. Brigham-Grette O.Yu. Glushkova P.S. Minyuk N.R. Nowaczyk H.-W. Hubberten article Brigham-Grette20071 Sediment piston cores from Lake El'gygytgyn (67°N, 172°E), a 3.6 million year old meteorite impact crater in northeastern Siberia, have been analyzed to extract a multi-proxy millennial-scale climate record extending to nearly 250 ka, with distinct fluctuations in sedimentological, physical, biochemical, and paleoecological parameters. Five major themes emerge from this research. First the pilot cores and seismic data show that El'gygytygn Crater Lake contains what is expected to be the longest, most continuous terrestrial record of past climate change in the entire Arctic back to the time of impact. Second, processes operating in the El'gygytygn basin lead to changes in the limnogeology and the biogeochemistry that reflect robust changes in the regional climate and paleoecology over a large part of the western Arctic. Third, the magnetic susceptibility and other proxies record numerous rapid change events. The recovered lake sediment contains both the best-resolved record of the last interglacial and the longest terrestrial record of millennial scale climate change in the Arctic, yielding a high fidelity multi-proxy record extending nearly 150,000 years beyond what has been obtained from the Greenland Ice Sheet. Fourth, the potential for evaluating teleconnections under different mean climate states is high. Despite the heterogeneous nature of recent Arctic climate change, millennial scale climate events in the North Atlantic/Greenland region are recorded in the most distal regions of the Arctic under variable boundary conditions. Finally, deep drilling of the complete depositional record in Lake El'gygytgyn will offer new insights and, perhaps, surprises into the late Cenozoic evolution of Arctic climate. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9017-6 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 1-16 Dept. of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Institute for Geology and Geophysics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute FEB RAS, 16 Portovaya St., 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation 1 arctic environment; climate change; core analysis; crater lake; paleoclimate; paleolimnology; proxy climate record; seismic data, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845922436&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9017-6&partnerID=40&md5=ff62392875f0c19c3671fbe0d2b65a68 cited By 67 J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles P. Minyuk article Glushkova200737 Geomorphic, lithologhic, and stratigraphic field studies as well as pollen data and mineralogical study have been used to propose Pliocene and Pleistocene paleogeographic reconstructions of the El'gygytgyn meteorite crater area. The moment of impact is recorded above the early Pliocene hill denudation plain as a "chaotic horizon" consisting of fragments of impactite rocks. This chaotic horizon lies between layers of late Pliocene alluvial sediments. During the second half of the late Pliocene, the region was tectonically active, when the Anadyr lowland was uplifted causing alluvial sediments to accumulate in the basins to the south of the crater. Regional climatic cooling, which supported the spread of tundra and the formation of permafrost is characteristically to late Pliocene. The 35-40 m high terrace that roughly follows the 530 m contour interval along the Enmyvaam River formed during the middle Pleistocene. This terrace represents the maximum lake level. Erosion and incision of the upper Enmyvaam River increased due to another wave of uplift. Additionally, El'gygytgyn Lake discharge increased causing lake level to begin to drop in the Middle Pleistocene. Cooling continued, which led to the development of herb-dominated arctic tundra. middle and late Pleistocene glaciations did not reach the El'gygytgyn lake region. The 9-11 m high lacustrine terrace was formed around the lake during the late Pleistocene and the 2-3 m high lacustrine terrace formed later during the Holocene. During the last 5000 years, the lake level has continued to drop as the modern coastline developed. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9021-x Journal of Paleolimnology 37 37-47 North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute FEB RAS, 16 Portovaya Street, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation 1 chronology; crater lake; Holocene; lacustrine environment; lake evolution; lake level; paleogeography; Pleistocene; Pliocene; pollen; terrace, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation, Zanclea https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845954776&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9021-x&partnerID=40&md5=cac5a7047e52048976f395bc6e160012 cited By 48 O.Yu. Glushkova V.N. Smirnov article Lozhkin2007550 The comprehensive study of the upper 1283 cm of sediment from Lake El'gygytgyn, which formed nearly 4 Ma ago following a meteorite impact in northern Chukotka, yielded the first continuous record of the extreme changes in the Beringian climate and vegetation from the middle Middle Pleistocene to recent time (equivalent of marine isotope stages of 1-7 and the upper part of isotope stage 8). During this period, the climate was warmer than at present between 8600 and 10 7000 14C years and during the Late Pleistocene (isotope substage 5e, 116-128 ka ago). In 2003, the German-Russian-USA expedition continued studying sediments of Lake El'gygytgyn to obtain new evidence of the change in the vegetation cover in the Middle Pleistocene and the first information on the Middle Pleistocene interglacial (isotope stage 9; 297-347 ka ago). Pollen spectra characterizing the Middle Pleistocene interglacial are similar to spectra of the early stage of the Early Pleistocene interglacial and the climatic optimum in the Pleistocene to Holocene transitional period. The climatic history of Lake El'gygytgyn is basic for stratigraphic interpretations and correlations in the eastern sector of the Arctic. These data also expand our understanding of climatic changes that are studied within the framework of the "Pole-Equator-Pole Paleoclimate," "Past Global Changes," and other international projects. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2007. 2007 English 18197140 10.1134/S1819714007060048 Russian Journal of Pacific Geology 1 550-555 Northeast Complex Research Institute, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russian Federation; Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States; Institute of Geophysics and Geology, Leipzig, Germany 6 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-37249088882&doi=10.1134%2fS1819714007060048&partnerID=40&md5=d7c8d1184d5e4b44eaa477410728f839 cited By 15 A.V. Lozhkin P.M. Anderson T.V. Matrosova P.S. Minyuk J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles article Forman200777 This study focused on the luminescence dating of sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn, a meteorite impact crater 100 km north of the Arctic Circle in northeast Siberia, formed 3.58 Ma ago. The sediment is principally eolian deposited in to a lake with nearly permanently ice. The fine-grained polymineral and quartz extracts taken from nine distinct levels from the upper 12.3 m of sediment core PG1351 were dated by infrared stimulated (IRSL) and green stimulated luminescence (GSL) using multiple aliquot additive dose procedures. The veracity of these ages is evaluated by comparing to an age model for the core derived from magnetic excursions and from correlation of variations of the magnetic susceptibility record to similar magnitude variations in δ 18O in the Greenland Ice core record. The IRSL ages from the upper 9 m of core correspond well with the independent age control for the past ca. 200 ka. However, sediments deeper in the core at 12.3 m with an inferred age of ca. 250 ka age yield a saturated IRSL response and therefore a non-finite OSL age. The youngest sediment dated from 0.70 m depth yielded the IRSL age of ca. 11.5 ka, older than the corresponding age of 9.3-8.8 ka, indicating a discrepancy in dating the youngest sediments in the upper 1 m of core. This study confirms the utility of IRSL by the multiple aliquot additive dose method to date sediments &lt;200 ka old from eastern Siberia. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9024-7 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 77-88 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 845 W. Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Center, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9297, United States; GeoForschungs Zentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg Section 3.3, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 1 crater lake; eolian deposit; geochronology; lacustrine deposit; luminescence dating; paleoenvironment; sediment core, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845955276&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9024-7&partnerID=40&md5=2f73f5368f322f4247bc8f7acd6a527a cited By 30 S.L. Forman J. Pierson J. Gómez J. Brigham-Grette N.R. Nowaczyk M. Melles article Minyuk2007123 The inorganic geochemistry of sediments from El'gygytgyn Lake shift in phase with interpreted paleoclimatic fluctuations seen in the record over the past 250 ka. Warm periods, when the lake was seasonally ice free and fully mixed, are characterized by increased concentrations of SiO2, CaO, Na2O, K2O, and Rb, by decreased contents of TiO 2, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and MgO, and by a lower chemical index of alteration (CIA). Increased levels of SiO 2 reflect increases in limnic productivity whereas many of the other elements and the CIA likely reflect increased hydrological activity coincident with an increase in coarser sand and silt content and a decrease in clay mineral content. For cold/cooler periods when perennial lake ice cover lead to a stratifed water column and anoxic bottom waters, the opposite is generally observed suggesting a decrease in hydrological activity and an increase in post-depositional chemical alteration. Peaks in P2O3 and MnO, coincident with an increased abundance of vivianite, suggest possible linkages to the paleoproductivity of local fish fauna regardless of climate change across the region surrounding Lake El'gygytgyn. Strontium is high in concentration during warmer intervals and may also be linked to paleoproductivity. Enrichment of the post-Eemian portion of the sediment record in niobium, and yttrium appears independent of glacial-interglacial change; rather it may reflect a gradual shift in the geomorphology of the catchment, particularly the hydrology of large alluvial fans along the western side of the lake. In contrast to some lake records, changes in Zr concentration over time suggests only a weak, if any, increase in eolian sediment supply during colder periods. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9027-4 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 123-133 North-East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute, FEB RAS, 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 1 chemical alteration; climate change; geochemistry; inorganic compound; lacustrine deposit; paleoclimate; Quaternary; sediment chemistry, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845948035&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9027-4&partnerID=40&md5=f35aee39d149e013f3c85d536de86c00 cited By 71 P.S. Minyuk J. Brigham-Grette M. Melles V.Ya. Borkhodoev O.Yu. Glushkova article Cherapanova2007155 Diatom species counts were conducted on 171 sediment samples from the 13-m-long core PG1351 from Lake El'gygytgyn, northeast Siberia. The planktonic Cyclotella ocellata-complex dominates the diatom assemblage through most of the core record, persisting through a variety of climate conditions. Periphytic diatoms, although less abundant, have greater diversity and greater down-core assemblage variation. During warm climate modes, longer summer ice-free conditions may have allowed more complex diatom communities to develop in shallow-water habitats, and enhanced circulation may have increased transport of these diatoms to deeper parts of the lake. Zones of low overall diatom abundance further support inferred intervals of low lake productivity during times of extended lake ice and snow cover. More data on the modern spatial and temporal distribution of diatom species in the Lake El'gygytgyn system will improve inferences from core records. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9019-4 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 155-162 Institute of Biology and Soil Science FEB RAS, 159 Prospect 100-Letiya, 690022 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Department of Geology, Bowling Green State University, 190 Overman Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Building, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 1 climate conditions; core analysis; diatom; paleoclimate; periphyton; plankton; Quaternary; stratigraphy, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation, Bacillariophyta; Cyclotella ocellata https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845930642&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9019-4&partnerID=40&md5=2be8a6af6d677318b015219294002e1e cited By 39 M.V. Cherapanova J.A. Snyder J. Brigham-Grette book Koeberl200795 Currently about 170 impact craters are known on Earth; about one third of those structures are not exposed on the surface and can only be studied by geophysics or drilling. The impact origin of geological structures can only be confirmed by petrographic and geochemical studies; thus, it is of crucial importance to obtain samples of subsurface structures. In addition, structures that have surface exposures commonly require drilling and drill cores to obtain information of the subsurface structure, to provide ground-truth for geophysical studies, and to obtain samples of rock types not exposed at the surface. For many years, drilling of impact craters was rarely done in dedicated projects, mainly due to the high cost involved. Structures were most often drilled for reasons unrelated to their impact origin. In the former Soviet Union a number of impact structures were drilled for scientific reasons, but in most of these cases the curation and proper care of the cores was not guaranteed. More recently the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) has supported projects to study impact craters. The first ICDPsupported study of an impact structure was the drilling into the 200-kmdiameter, K-T boundary age, subsurface Chicxulub impact crater, Mexico, which occurred between December 2001 and February 2002. The core retrieved from the borehole Yaxcopoil-1, 60 km SSW from the center of the structure, reached a depth of 1511 m and intersected 100 m of impact melt breccia and suevite, which has been studied by an international team. From June to October 2004, the 10.5 km Bosumtwi crater, Ghana, was drilled within the framework of an ICDP project, to obtain a complete 1 million year paleoenvironmental record in an area for which only limited data exist, and to study the subsurface structure and crater fill of one of the best preserved large, young impact structures. From September to December 2005, the main part of another ICDP-funded drilling project was conducted, at the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure, eastern USA, which involved drilling to a depth of 1.8 km. In 2008, it is likely that the El'ygytgyn structure (Arctic Russia) will be drilled as well. So far only few craters have been drilled - not enough to gain a broad understanding of impact crater formation processes and consequences. In this chapter we summarize the current status of scientific drilling at impact craters, and provide some guidance and suggestions about future drilling projects that are relevant for impact research. Points we cover include: what is the importance of studying impact craters and processes, why is it important to drill impact craters or impact crater lakes, which important questions can be answered by drilling, which craters would be good targets and why; is there anything about the impact process, or of impact relevance, that can be learned by drilling outside any craters; what goals should be set for the future; how important is collaboration between different scientific fields? In the following report, we first briefly discuss the importance of impact cratering, then summarize experience from past drilling projects (ICDP and others), and finally we try to look into the future of scientific drilling of impact structures. © 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. 2007 English 9783540687771 10.1007/978-3-540-68778-8_3 Continental Scientific Drilling: A Decade of Progress, and Challenges for the Future Springer Berlin Heidelberg 95-161 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62849087451&doi=10.1007%2f978-3-540-68778-8_3&partnerID=40&md5=9355d072f6daf494807ad2d6383dc4f9 cited By 11 C. Koeberl B. Milkereit article Nolan200717 A survey of the modern physical setting of Lake El'gygytgyn, northeastern Siberia, is presented here to facilitate interpretation of a 250,000-year climate record derived from sediment cores from the lake bottom. The lake lies inside a meteorite impact crater that is approximately 18 km in diameter, with a total watershed area of 293 km2, 110 km2 of which is lake surface. The only surface water entering the lake comes from the approximately 50 streams draining from within the crater rim; a numbering system for these inlet streams is adopted to facilitate scientific discussion. We created a digital elevation model for the watershed and used it to create hypsometries, channel networks, and drainage area statistics for each of the inlet streams. Many of the streams enter shallow lagoons dammed by gravel berms at the lakeshore; these lagoons may play a significant role in the thermal and biological dynamics of the lake due to their higher water temperatures (&gt;6°C). The lake itself is approximately 12 km wide and 175 m deep, with a volume of 14.1 km3. Water temperature within a column of water near the center of this oligotrophic, monomictic lake never exceeded 4°C over a 2.5 year record, though the shallow shelves (&lt;10 m) surrounding the lake can reach 5°C in summer. Though thermally stratified in winter, the water appears completely mixed shortly after lake ice breakup in July. Mean annual air temperature measured about 200 m from the lake was -10.3°C in 2002, and an unshielded rain gage there recorded 70 mm of rain in summer of 2002. End of winter snow water equivalent on the lake was approximately 110 mm in May 2002. Analysis of NCEP reanalysis air temperatures (1948-2002) reveals that the 8 warmest years and 10 warmest winters have occurred since 1989, with the number of days below -30°C dropping from a pre-1989 mean of 35 to near 0 in recent years. The crater region is windy as well as cold, with hourly wind speeds exceeding 13.4 m s-1 (30 mph) typically at least once each month and 17.8 m s-1 (40 mph) in winter months, with only a few calm days per month; wind may also play an important role in controlling the modern shape of the lake. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the physical hydrology and limnology of the lake has changed substantially over the past 3.6 million years, and some of the implications of these changes on paleoclimate reconstructions are discussed. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9020-y Journal of Paleolimnology 37 17-35 Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 525 Duckering Bldg., Fairbanks, AK 99775-5860, United States; Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill Science Building, 611 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States 1 crater lake; digital elevation model; hydrology; lacustrine deposit; lacustrine environment; lake dynamics; limnology; meteorology; sediment core, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845935584&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9020-y&partnerID=40&md5=c473e75354a9001cc43af34442652dd0 cited By 83 M. Nolan J. Brigham-Grette article Juschus2007187 Lake El'gygytgyn is situated in a 3.6 Ma old impact crater in north-eastern Siberia and probably represents one of the most complete archives of Arctic climate change. Investigated here is the potential of infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) approach for dating sediments from this lake. Independent age control is available from a published age model of a parallel core that is based on tuning sediment proxies with regional insolation and the results of previous multiple aliquot IRSL dating. Although the site is located within volcanic bedrock, anomalous fading seems to have little effect on the calculated ages. The modelled water content for the entire time of burial is seen as the most prominent uncertainty at this particular site. Despite these potential error sources, SAR-IRSL ages are in acceptable agreement with the given timeframe and clearly point to the possibility to establish independent chronologies at this site up to at least 400,000 years. © 2006. 2007 English 18711014 10.1016/j.quageo.2006.05.006 Quaternary Geochronology 2 187-194 Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, D 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Geological Sciences, Universität Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1-3, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Geographisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D 50923 Köln, Germany 1-4 age determination; bedrock; climate change; crater; fine grained sediment; geochronology; insolation; lacustrine deposit; luminescence dating, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548032560&doi=10.1016%2fj.quageo.2006.05.006&partnerID=40&md5=7d5c834fc7b89fff86c657ae4d2bf741 cited By 37 O. Juschus F. Preusser M. Melles U. Radtke article Nowaczyk200765 A combined analysis of magnetic susceptibility, total organic carbon (TOC), biogenic silica (opal), and TiO2 content of the 12.6 m long composite core PG1351 recovered from Lake El'gygytgyn, Chukotka Peninsula, indicate a clear response of the lacustrine sedimentary record to climate variations. The impact is not direct, but through variations in oxygenation of the bottom waters. Mixing of the water body is typical for warmer climates, whereas the development of a stratified water body associated with anoxic conditions at the lake floor appears during cold climates. Oxic conditions lead to a good magnetite preservation and thus to high magnetic susceptibilities, but also to a large-scale degradation of organic matter, as reflected by low TOC (total organic carbon) values. During anoxic conditions, magnetite is severely dissolved yielding very low susceptibility values, whereas organic matter is best preserved, reflected by high TOC values. Hence, in general, neither susceptibility reflects the lithogenic fraction, nor does TOC reflect bioproductivity in case of the studied El'gygytgyn sediments. Based on available infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating, the obtained susceptibility pattern of core PG1351 shows an obvious correlation to northern hemisphere insolation variations, with a dominating impact of the Earth's 18 and 23 kyr precessional cycles for the upper half of PG1351, that is, during the past 150 ka. Therefore, the whole susceptibility record, together with biogenic silica (as a proxy for bioproductivity), TOC (as an indicator for redox conditions), and TiO2 (as a proxy for lithogenic input), was systematically tuned to the northern hemisphere insolation yielding an age of about 250 ka for the base of the composite core. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007 English 09212728 10.1007/s10933-006-9023-8 Journal of Paleolimnology 37 65-76 GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Section 3.3 - Climate Dynamics and Sediments, Telegrafenberg Haus C, D-14474 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University Leipzig, Talstrasse 35, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; North-East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute (NEISRI), Russian Academy of Sciences, 16 Portovaya St., 685000 Magadan, Russian Federation 1 anoxic conditions; climate variation; core analysis; lacustrine deposit; luminescence dating; magnetic susceptibility; Northern Hemisphere; opal; oxic conditions; total organic carbon, Chukchi; Eurasia; Lake El'gygytgyn; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33845929287&doi=10.1007%2fs10933-006-9023-8&partnerID=40&md5=0012abf9d7eaec777e019246999a9e52 cited By 69 N.R. Nowaczyk M. Melles P. Minyuk article Lozhkin2006 Detailed palynological analysis of glacial, tectonic, and crater lakes of northeastern Siberia reveals continuous records of the changing vegetation during one or several climatic cycles of the Pleistocene and in the Holocene. The most continuous records in the mountain areas of the region are those of Lake Elikchan-4 (northern Okhotsk Sea Region). Pollen records of Lake El-gygytgyn, which was formed by the impact of a meteorite in the northern Chukchi Peninsula, reflect the response of land vegetation to the global climatic impact during the last 300 ka. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc. 2006. 2006 English 00310301 10.1134/S0031030106110098 Paleontological Journal 40 S622-S628 Northeastern Integrated Research Institute, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Portovaya 16, Magadan 685000, Russian Federation; Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Box 351360, Seattle, WA 98195-1360, United States SUPPL.5 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749564495&doi=10.1134%2fS0031030106110098&partnerID=40&md5=49069aa40bdddb8dcbd81bebc5737f26 cited By 14 A.V. Lozhkin P.A. Anderson article Gebhardt2006145 Seismic refraction and reflection data were acquired in 2000 and 2003 to study the morphology and sedimentary fill of the remote El'gygytgyn crater (Chukotka, northeastern Siberia; diameter 18 km). These data allow a first insight into the deeper structure of this unique impact crater. Wide-angle data from sonobuoys reveal a five-layer model: a water layer, two lacustrine sedimentary units that fill a bowl-shaped apparent crater morphology consisting of an upper layer of fallback breccia with P-wave velocities of ∼3000 m/s, and a lower layer of brecciated bedrock (velocities >3600 m/s). The lowermost layer shows a distinct anticline structure that, by analogy with other terrestrial and lunar craters of similar size, can be interpreted as a central ring structure. The El'gygytgyn crater exhibits a well-expressed morphology that is typical of craters formed in crystalline target rocks. © 2006 Geological Society of America. 2006 English 00917613 10.1130/G22278.1 Geology 34 145-148 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Columbusstraße, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 3 Central ring structure; El'gygytgyn; Impact crater; Seismic reflection; Seismic refraction; Anticline structure; Crystalline target rocks; El'gygytgyn; Five layer models; Impact craters; Sedimentary units; Seismic reflections; Seismic refraction, Crystalline rocks; Geologic models; Geomorphology; Lakes; Sedimentology; Seismic waves; Seismology; Crystalline rocks; Lakes; Morphology; Refraction; Sedimentology; Seismic waves, Structural geology; Seismology, impact structure; seismic reflection; seismic refraction; bedrock; breccia; caldera; crater; crater lake; fill; lacustrine deposit; P-wave; preservation; seismic reflection; seismic refraction, Chukchi; Elgygytgyn Lake; Russian Federation https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33645227122&doi=10.1130%2fG22278.1&partnerID=40&md5=193525a3a3926841514193d79ce5ceda cited By 38 A.C. Gebhardt F. Niessen C. Kopsch article Schwamborn2006259 An accumulation terrace close to the El'gygytgyn Impact Crater in northeastern Siberia contains stratigraphic and periglacial evidence of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic history and permafrost dynamics during late Quaternary time. A succession of paleo active-layer deposits that mirror environmental changes records periods favorable for the establishment and growth of ice-wedge polygonal networks and sediment variations. These two elements of the periglacial landscape serve as complementary paleoenvironmental archives that can be traced back to ∼ 14,000 cal yr BP. The slope sediments and the ground ice contained therein have prominent relative maxima and minima in properties (grain size, total organic content, oxygen isotopes). They document a regional early Holocene thermal maximum at about 9000 cal yr BP, followed by a transition to slightly cooler conditions, and a subsequent transition to slightly warmer conditions after about 4000 cal yr BP. Results from sedimentary analysis resemble morphological and geochemical (oxygen and hydrogen isotopes) results from ice wedge studies, in which successive generations of ice-wedge polygonal networks record warmer winters in late Holocene time. Moreover, peaks of light soluble cation contents and quartz-grain surface textures reveal distinct traces of cryogenic weathering. We propose a conclusive sedimentation model illustrating terrace formation in a permafrost terrain. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2006 English 00335894 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.06.007 Quaternary Research 66 259-272 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Bering Street, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation 2 environmental change; frozen ground; Hypsithermal; paleoclimate; paleoenvironment; periglacial landform; permafrost, Eurasia; Siberia https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749633176&doi=10.1016%2fj.yqres.2006.06.007&partnerID=40&md5=751fc29fdaabd46153b7b809a430a896 cited By 52 G. Schwamborn H. Meyer G. Fedorov L. Schirrmeister H.-W. Hubberten article cremer2006pliocaenicus 2006 European Journal of Phycology 41 Taylor & Francis 169-178 2 Holger Cremer Bart Vijver article Sakhno20061351 2006 English 1028334X 10.1134/S1028334X06090042 Doklady Earth Sciences 411 Maik Nauka-Interperiodica Publishing 1351-1356 Far East Geological Institute, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 660022, Russian Federation; Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, bul'v. Piipa 9, Petropavlosk-Kamchatskii 683006, Russian Federation; Northeastern Complex Research Institute, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Portovaya, Magadan, Russian Federation; Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow 119017, Russian Federation; Institute of the Geology of Diamond and Noble Metals, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Lenina 39, Yakutsk 677980, Russian Federation; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany 2 Pleistocene-Holocene boundary; rare earth element; trace element; volcanic ash; volcanic eruption https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-36549007607&doi=10.1134%2fS1028334X06090042&partnerID=40&md5=a25e4840e0fb865b8c8c7001eebc8b82 cited By 4 V.G. Sakhno L.I. Bazanova O.Yu. Glushkova I.V. Melekestsev V.V. Ponomareva A.A. Surnin J. Olaf article melles2005expedition 2005 Berichte zur Polar-und Meeresforschung (Reports on Polar and Marine Research) 509 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Martin Melles P Minyuk J Brigham-Grette