This file was created by the TYPO3 extension publications --- Timezone: CEST Creation date: 2026-05-25 Creation time: 13:28:17 --- Number of references 54 article Xu20171 Continental scientific drilling can be regarded as "a telescope into the Earth's interior" because it provides process insight and uncompromised samples of rocks, fluids, and even sampled from the deep biosphere from the Earth's surface to great depths. As one of the three founding members of the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP), ICDP China has made great achievements in many scientific drilling-related research fields. Based on the ICDP participation it attracted global attention of scientists and set up not only the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Program in 2001 but also a growing number of ambitious drilling projects in the country. The 5158m deep borehole of the CCSD project at Donghai County in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrain demonstrates that large amounts of crustal rocks of the South China Block have been subducted to at least 120 km, followed by rapid uplift. After successful completion of drilling at Donghai, several continental scientific drilling projects were conducted with funding of the Chinese government and partially with support of ICDP, resulting in a total drilling depth of more than 35 000 m. These projects encompass the Continental Environmental Scientific Drilling Program of China, the Scientific Drilling Project of Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone, the Continental Scientific Drilling Project of Cretaceous Songliao Basin, and the Program of Selected Continental Scientific Drilling and Experiments. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the ICDP and the 15th anniversary of the CCSD Program, this paper reviews the history and major progress of the CCSD Program. © Author(s) 2017. 2017 English 18168957 10.5194/sd-22-1-2017 Scientific Drilling 22 Copernicus GmbH 1-18 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China; School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China Earthquakes; Metamorphic rocks, Chinese Government; Continental scientific drillings; Drilling projects; Earth's interior; Scientific drilling; South China block; Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic; Wenchuan Earthquake, Drilling fluids https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020083040&doi=10.5194%2fsd-22-1-2017&partnerID=40&md5=d36b862aef8b48651b4d04158f792ecf cited By 2 Z. Xu J. Yang C. Wang Z. An H. Li Q. Wang D. Su article Hopp2016 We present the first comprehensive noble gas study on eclogites. The four eclogite samples were recovered during the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and are from two distinct profile depth sections differing in their degree of interaction with meteoric water, based on their δ18O-values (surface related and of mantle-type). Hence, noble gas analyses offer the potential to further discriminate between shallow (meteoric) and deep (mantle) fluid sources. Noble gas compositions reveal typical crustal fluid compositions, characterized by a variable mixture of atmospheric gases with significant contributions of nucleogenic neon, radiogenic 4He*, radiogenic 40Ar*, fissiogenic 131–136Xe, and presumably bariogenic 131Xe, but no significant addition of mantle gases. This signature can be also considered to represent one endmember component of eclogitic diamonds. Concentrations of non-radiogenic noble gases are rather low, with depletion of light relative to the heavier noble gases. Eclogites from lower depth which experienced a higher degree of interaction with meteoric water also showed higher contributions of atmospheric gas compared with eclogites recovered from greater depth. This is interpreted to result from interaction with high-salinity fluids during ultrahigh pressure (UHP). It demonstrates that the atmospheric noble gas abundance is a proxy for interaction with surface related fluids. 40Ar/39Ar (inverse) isochron ages of two phengite separates (241.2 ± 0.4 Ma and 275.0 ± 1.8 Ma, 1σ-errors) predate the main phase of UHP metamorphism (ca. 220 Ma). Biotite yields an integrated age of about 1100 Ma. These age values are interpreted to reflect the likely addition of excess 40Ar without any chronological meaning. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Article 2016 English 00107999 10.1007/s00410-016-1290-4 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 171 Springer Verlag 10 argon-argon dating; chemical composition; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; concentration (composition); eclogite; fluid composition; meteoric water; noble gas; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984911020&doi=10.1007%2fs00410-016-1290-4&partnerID=40&md5=cc5c5861951e31295f1496cb2fdcb078 Cited by: 1 Jens Hopp Winfried H. Schwarz Mario Trieloff Hans-Peter Meyer Michael Hanel Rainer Altherr article Chan20151549 The availability of a deep borehole in northeastern Alberta provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the in situ metamorphic craton rocks. This borehole reaches a depth of 2.4 km, with 1.8 km in the crystalline rocks, and is the only known borehole allowing access into the deeper rocks of the metamorphic Canadian Shield. In 2011, a zero-offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) was acquired to assist in the interpretation of seismic reflection data and geophysical logs. Three sets of upgoing tube waves interpreted from the raw profile correspond to the small-scale fluctuations in the borehole diameters and fracture zone in the crystalline rocks. A comparison between sonic log velocities and VSP velocities reveals a zone with increased velocity that could be due to the change in rock composition and texture in the basement rocks. The final processed profile is used to generate corridor stacks for differentiating between primary reflections and multiples in the seismic reflection profile. Analysis of the zero-offset VSP verifies existing log interpretation on the presence of fractures and the possible lithological changes in the metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield. © 2014, The Author(s). Article 2015 English 14373254 10.1007/s00531-014-1110-x International Journal of Earth Sciences 104 Springer Verlag 1549 – 1562 6 Alberta; Canada; Canadian Shield; borehole; craton; metamorphic rock; seismic reflection; seismic velocity; vertical seismic profile https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940959788&doi=10.1007%2fs00531-014-1110-x&partnerID=40&md5=1f312df547f362767159541c1a79e9ec Cited by: 7; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Judith Chan Douglas R. Schmitt article Wang2015 2015 English 21979545 Springer Geology Springer Engineering Center of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project, Beijing, China https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067971013&partnerID=40&md5=61103f2056f2fd9cc5f6e93f55c29498 cited By 0 Da Wang Wei Zhang Xiaoxi Zhang Guolong Zhao Ruqiang Zuo Jialu Ni Gansheng Yang Jun Jia Kaihua Yang Yongyi Zhu others article Sun20145 Continental scientific drilling is an important scientific and engineering project that has been attracting world-wide attentions. Since International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) was founded in 1996, great advances have been brought about in many fields of earth sciences by continental scientific drilling. As one of the three founding members of ICDP, China has also achieved a lot of developments in continental scientific drilling. This paper summarizes the continental scientific drilling projects in China, such as the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD), the Lake Qinghai Scientific Drilling Project(CESD), and the preliminary progresses of the third approved ICDP project of China--the Chinese Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project(SK-I,SK-II project). The implementing Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling Program (WFSD) is also included in the paper. Their scientific objectives, drilling and coring situations and drilling equipment used in the project are all introduced. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. 2014 English 09745904 International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering 7 CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 5-15 College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 1 Engineering; Industrial engineering, Continental scientific drillings; Coring situation; Engineering project; Lake Qinghai; Scientific drilling; Scientific objectives, Drilling equipment; Drilling equipment, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; deep drilling; Earth science; regional geology; Earth structure; equipment; international organization, China https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905008009&partnerID=40&md5=a24aff634cb29c1752ae17c42c319ff9 cited By 1 Y.H. Sun J.S. Mao B.C. Liu X.P. Fan article Liu2012169 A unique dissolution-reprecipitation zircon has been identified for the first time in a Qtz- and Phe-bearing eclogite from the drill hole CCSD-MH, southwestern Sulu UHP terrane by using laser Raman and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging combined with trace-element analyses and U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotope data. Relic inherited domains of partially dissolved zircon show magmatic features and preserve mineral inclusions of Cpx+Pl+Qtz+Ap. Whereas newly formed zircons crystallized around or along cracks of the inherited (magmatic) domains and contain mineral inclusions of Coe+Grt+Omp+Phe+Ap typical for UHP metamorphism. In addition, primary fluid inclusions were identified in the coesite-bearing zircon domains, characterized by a single H 2O-phase or CO 2-H 2O-phase, indicating the presence of fluids during UHP conditions. Strongly dissolved inherited (magmatic) zircons yielded SHRIMP 206Pb/ 238U ages of 782-588Ma with an upper intercept age of 780±14Ma. New recrystallized or metamorphic zircons yielded consistent Triassic UHP ages around 238-225Ma with a weighted mean of 229.2±2.3Ma. Zircon trace element and Hf isotope compositions and mineral inclusions classify the protolith of the Sulu eclogite as an intermediate to mafic Neoproterozoic igneous rock, which was subducted to mantle depth and experienced UHP metamorphism in Middle Triassic times. The juvenile εHf (780Ma) value of+7.4±2.9 in inherited (magmatic) zircon points to a significant input from the depleted mantle to the Dabie-Sulu UHP terrane during Middle Neoproterozoic. New UHP zircon domains have low Lu/Hf, Th/U and significantly higher 176Hf/ 177Hf ratios than the inherited (magmatic) zircons, consistent with formation during recrystallization and fractionation of the Lu-Hf system during UHP metamorphism. © 2011 International Association for Gondwana Research. Article 2012 English 1342937X 10.1016/j.gr.2011.11.007 Gondwana Research 22 169 – 183 1 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860884166&doi=10.1016%2fj.gr.2011.11.007&partnerID=40&md5=b06b61b5dd25ead3c9a9e88d050e777d Cited by: 34 Fulai Liu Axel Gerdes Pinghua Liu article Müller2011645 Seven eclogite samples from 223 to 584 m depths in the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling main borehole (CCSDMH) in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane, Eastern China, were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in order to characterise their microstructures. We observed, among others, omphacite, jadeitic diopside, garnet, amphibole, rutile, Na-rich plagioclase, quartz, K-feldspar, analcime, and diamond (contamination). Omphacite shows a well-known diffusioncontrolled disorder-order phase transition which gives rise to antiphase domains (APDs). In our samples we observed a variation of the APDs' size between ∼5 nm and 2 mm which is correlated with the content in jadeite (Jd) component. The broad maximum of ∼1-2 mm APDs' size is centred on Jd50. This size drops to ∼5-10 nm for Jd37 and Jd66. The size variation can be explained with the T-path of the respective omphacites. While the large APDs of the omphacites formed and coarsened during subduction and exhumation, the smallest APDs formed and grew during exhumation. In contrast to other eclogite occurrences, deformational defects in omphacites from the CCSD-eclogites are mostly very rare. Occasionally, stacking faults parallel to (010), free dislocations with the Burgers vector [001] and those with 1/2[110] connected with antiphase domain boundaries (APBs), deformation twins on (100) and small-angle grain boundaries were observed. The explanation is that most CCSD-omphacites were strongly affected by recrystallisation, which took place above 600 °C during subduction up to its maximum temperature of ∼750 °C and continued during exhumation above 600 °C into the regime of amphibolite facies for several tens of Ma. Garnet shows very rarely crystal defects, while amphiboles usually displayed dislocations and chain multiplicity faults. Rutile of one sample, which contained a few percent Fe, showed fully coherent, nano-sized platelets (Guinier-Preston zones) parallel to (100) and (010). The existence of fluids during retrogression is documented by K-feldspar and analcime in quartz. © 2011 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Article 2011 English 09351221 10.1127/0935-1221/2011/0023-2133 European Journal of Mineralogy 23 Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung 645 – 659 4 China; Boreholes; Burgers vector; Crystal defects; Deformation; Feldspar; Garnets; Grain boundaries; High resolution transmission electron microscopy; Metamorphic rocks; Quartz; Titanium dioxide; Transmission electron microscopy; Twinning; Zeolites; Amphibole; Analcime; CCSD; Eclogites; Omphacite; Rutile; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; crystal structure; deformation mechanism; eclogite; jadeite; microstructure; omphacite; P-T conditions; P-T-t path; phase transition; recrystallization; temperature gradient; transmission electron microscopy; twinning; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; Transmissions https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054022142&doi=10.1127%2f0935-1221%2f2011%2f0023-2133&partnerID=40&md5=f07421d98754d80320e4a1abed03d511 Cited by: 5 Wolfgang Friedrich Müller Zhiqin Xu Frank E. Brenker article Su2010873 It has long been a dream for mankind to enter the deep Earth to sample and investigate the structures and inner geological progresses. Until now, scientific drilling has been the unique method in our understanding of the processes and structures of the Earth. This paper try to give a brief introduction of the history, the development, the mission, the structure and management, the membership, the project development scheme of International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP). Great advances have been brought about in many fields of earth sciences by continental scientific drilling in recent years. Based on the recent publications and website materials of ICDP, this paper summarize the main developments in Climate Dynamics and Global Environments, in the Study of Impact Craters, in the GeoBiospherc, in Active Volcanic Systems, in Active Faults, in Hotspot Volcanoes, in Convergent Plate Boundaries and Collision Zones, and in Natural Resources. Special introduction on the scientific results of ICDP drilling at Mt. Unzen, Japan and the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP) is introduced in this paper. Fascinating discoveries such as the gouge layer of San Andreas Fault and the finding of talc in cuttings of SAFOD project are also introduced in this paper. As one of the three founding members of ICDP, China has also gained a lot of developments in continental scientific drilling; typical examples are the achievements of Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) and the progress of Lake Qinghai Scientific Drilling Project. The preliminary progresses . of the third approved ICDP project of China -the Chinese Cretaceous Continental Scientific Drilling Project and the development of ICDP-China are also summarized in this paper. 2010 Chinese 10009515 Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 84 873-886 Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of MLR, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China 6 active fault; climate change; collision zone; crater; deep drilling; hot spot; mantle plume; natural resource; San Andreas Fault; talc, China; Hawaii [United States]; Japan; Kyushu; Nagasaki [Kyushu]; Qinghai; Qinghai Lake; United States; Unzen Volcano https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649844329&partnerID=40&md5=732f4e363917ab0357a84117ef5aab8b cited By 9 D. Su J. Yang article Zhang201069 Study of the Maobei garnet peridotite and pyroxenite are significant, because these rocks were subjected to subduction-zone UHP metamorphism that is indicative of deep continental subduction. In order to better understand the origin of the Maobei peridotite and pyroxenite and the processes of continental subduction, we performed geochemical analyses on whole-rock and mineral samples. The studied samples were recovered in the main-hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling in the Sulu UHP terrane, east-central China. The garnet peridotites occur as lenses or layers in pyroxenite; they comprise garnet wehrlite and garnet dunite with minor interlayers of garnet websterite and garnet. Mini-bands, nodules or veins of eclogite and garnet clinopyroxenite ("internal") also irregularly occur in garnet wehrlite. The peridotites are composed of olivine (Fo83-84), garnet (Prp51-56), ± diopside±enstatite (En86-87)±titanoclinochumite, and have lower Mg/(Mg+Fetotal) values of 0.79-0.83 and higher Al2O3 and CaO contents in comparison with the gneiss-hosted Sulu mantle peridotites. Garnet wehrlite displays variable REE patterns, from LREE-enriched to slightly LREE depleted relative to MREE and HREE; whereas, other ultramafic rocks show roughly flat REE patterns. In general, Rb, Ba and LREE increase, and compatible element (e.g. Cr, Co and Ni) abundances decrease from peridotite, pyroxenite to "internal eclogite" and "internal Grt-clinopyroxenite". The calculated REE partition coefficients (DREE) between Cpx and Grt of the Maobei peridotite and pyroxenite decrease regularly from LREE (DCe=32-708) to HREE (DYb=0.01-0.10), which is comparable with natural mantle peridotite and eclogite crystallized at 800-1100°C. The geochemical data and occurrence of these rocks suggest that the protoliths of the Maobei peridotites are cumulates derived by differentiation of basaltic magma at the lower continental crust. Thus, the "Internal eclogite and Grt-clinopyroxenite" result from post-cumulus crystallization of the trapped melt. Ti-clinohumite orthopyroxenite may have formed by reaction between peridotitic olivine and indigenous melt or country rock-derived ("exotic") TiO2-bearing fluids at high-P condition during continental subduction to mantle depths. The peak P-T estimates of 795-840°C and 5.3-6.8GPa of the Maobei peridotites and the available petrological data of country rocks indicate that the continental crust was subducted to a depth of ~200km. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. Article 2010 English 00092541 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.05.021 Chemical Geology 276 69 – 87 1-2 China; Jiangsu; Maobei; Analytical geochemistry; Barium; Cerium; Chromium; Garnets; Geochronology; Levees; Metamorphic rocks; Minerals; Olivine; Petrology; Rocks; Rubidium; Ytterbium; Continental subduction; Differentiation of basic magma; Scientific drilling; Sulu garnet peridotite; UHP metamorphism; chemical analysis; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; continental crust; country rock; eclogite; garnet; P-T conditions; peridotite; petrology; pyroxenite; rare earth element; tectonic evolution; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; ultramafic rock; wehrlite; Silicate minerals https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955314145&doi=10.1016%2fj.chemgeo.2010.05.021&partnerID=40&md5=745c35948b46b49bdfbfd789d5b3c442 Cited by: 21; All Open Access, Green Open Access R.Y. Zhang B.-M. Jahn J.G. Liou J.S. Yang H.-Y. Chiu S.-L. Chung T.-F. Li C.-H. Lo article Liu2010247 Granitic leucosome and pegmatite are widely distributed within biotite-bearing orthogneiss in the northern part of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China. A combined study of mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence (CL) images, U-Pb SHRIMP dates, and in situ trace element and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of zircons provided insight into the nature and timing of partial melting in these rocks. Zircon grains separated from biotite-bearing orthogneiss typically have three distinct domains: (1) pre-metamorphic (magmatic) cores with Qtz. +. Kfs. +. Pl. +. Ap inclusions, which record a Neoproterozoic protolith age of ~ 790. Ma, (2) mantles with Coe. +. Phe. +. Ap inclusions that record Triassic UHP age at 227 ± 3. Ma, and (3) narrow rims with quartz inclusions that record HP granulite-facies retrograde metamorphism at ~ 210 ± 3. Ma. In contrast, zircons separated from granitic leucosome have only two distinct domains: (1) the central UHP areas with Coe. +. Phe. +. Ap inclusions record Triassic UHP age of 227 ± 3. Ma, and (2) outer magmatic areas with Qtz. +. Kfs. +. Ab. +. Ap inclusions that record partial melting time of 212 ± 2. Ma. Zircons separated from pegmatite contain mineral inclusions of Qtz. +. Kfs. +. Ap and show regular magmatic zoning from centre to edge. The centres record partial melting time of 212 ± 2. Ma in line with the outer domains of granitic leucosome, whereas the edges give a younger age of 201 ± 2. Ma related to Pb loss and partial recrystallization during late Triassic regional amphibolite-facies retrogression. These data indicate that partial melting in the north Sulu UHP gneissic rocks took place during post-UHP, retrograde HP granulite-facies metamorphism. Pre-metamorphic (magmatic) zircon cores from biotite-bearing orthogneiss give uniform 176Hf/177Hf of 0.28187±0.00003 (2SD; standard deviation) corresponding to εHf(790) and Hf model ages (TDM2) of about -16.3 and 2.41Ga, respectively. This is consistent with the generation of its protolith by reworking of Paleoproterozoic to late Archean crust. In contrast, UHP zircon domains from biotite-bearing orthogneiss and granitic leucosome are characterized by distinct trace element composition with low Lu/Hf (<0.006), low Th/U (<0.1) and considerably higher, 176Hf/177Hf (0.28233±0.00002; 2SD) than the pre-metamorphic cores. The uniform but significantly different Hf isotope composition between the UHP (εHf(227)=-14.6±0.8; 2SD) and pre-metamorphic (-Hf(227)=-27.7) domains indicates equilibration of the Lu-Hf isotope system only within the UHP metamorphic mineral assemblage. The disequilibrium between whole rock and UHP zircon suggests that about two thirds of the whole rock Hf retained in the pre-metamorphic zircon domains. Zircon domains crystallized during partial melting at 212Ma in granitic leucosome and pegmatites have a Hf isotope composition indistinguishable from that of the UHP zircon domains. This suggests that only Hf (and Zr) equilibrated during UHP metamorphism was remobilized during partial melting while pre-metamorphic zircon remained stable or was not accessible. In contrast, the magmatic zircon edges from pegmatite have somewhat lower 176Hf/177Hf (~0.28216) and εHf(t) (-17.6±1.2; 2SD) indicating some release of less radiogenic Hf for instance by dissolution of pre-metamorphic zircon during late regional amphibolite-facies retrogression. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. Article 2010 English 00244937 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.03.002 Lithos 117 247 – 268 1-4 China; Sulu Belt; biotite; granite; granulite facies; hafnium; inclusion; isotopic analysis; isotopic composition; partial melting; pegmatite; rare earth element; retrograde metamorphism; terrane; trace element; Triassic; uranium-lead dating; zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952591837&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2010.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=f5d61d6f595842b415c197cf7f703933 Cited by: 134 Fulai Liu Paul T. Robinson Axel Gerdes Huaimin Xue Pinghua Liu Juhn G. Liou article Riemann20091251 Thermobarometry and in situ U-Pb dating of zircon in texturally and petrologically defined positions are used to assess exhumation accompanied by fluid-enhanced retrogression of ultra high pressure (UHP) eclogite core samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project. Eclogites from the CCSD project show discrete retrograde zones that can be attributed to exhumation processes. The retrogression from UHP eclogite to HP eclogite, amphibolite and finally greenschist facies conditions is fluid-induced. The occurrence of significant barium concentrations in two mica generations points to an external fluid source during retrogression. This Ba and F-bearing fluid mobilized zirconium from the eclogitic host, which was preferentially precipitated as overgrowths on pre-existing grains in the retrograde zone. Thermodynamic modelling with progressive addition of H2O to the bulk composition simulates the petrological development of the fluid-influenced retrograde zone. Growth of zircon precipitated from the fluid occurred between 730°-740 °C at 3.46 GPa and 700 °C at 1.4 GPa. LA-SF-ICPMS analyses point to a local onset of metasomatic zircon growth at 233.1 ± 5.3 Ma ongoing to 207.4 ± 1.6 Ma that is spatially limited to the retrograde zone. © 2009 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung. Article 2009 English 09351221 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-2005 European Journal of Mineralogy 21 Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung 1251 – 1264 6 Binary alloys; Gasoline; Geochronology; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Infill drilling; Metamorphic rocks; Mica; Barium concentrations; Continental scientific drillings; Eclogites; Retrogression; Thermodynamic modelling; U-Pb dating; Ultra high pressure (UHP); Ultra-high pressure metamorphisms; amphibolite; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; eclogite; exhumation; inductively coupled plasma method; mass spectrometry; petrology; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; uranium-lead dating; zircon; Zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77149148196&doi=10.1127%2f0935-1221%2f2009%2f0021-2005&partnerID=40&md5=6ba000b40d9741a5354eda148ce00121 Cited by: 9 Astrid Riemann Roland Oberhänsli Andreas Möller Axel Gerdes Zhigin Xu article Liu20091225 Zircon from allanite-bearing para- and ortho-gneisses provides a unique insight into the geologic evolution of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane in eastern China. Laser Raman, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging combined with trace-element, U-Pb, and Lu-Hf isotope data indicate that zircon grains consist of three distinct zones. Inherited magmatic core records a Neoproterozoic protolith age, the coesite-bearing mantle reveals a UHP metamorphic age of 230 ± 7 Ma, and the low-P mineralbearing rim retains an age of 210 ± 3 Ma for the amphibolite-facies retrogression. Positive εHf(t) values for the inherited cores reflect involvement of juvenile materials in the protolith. Low 176Lu/177Hf ratios of coesite-bearing mantles indicate their formation during / after gamet crystallization. Their 176Hf/177Hf ratios are homogenous and more radiogenic than those of the inherited cores, implying fractionation of the Lu-Hf system during isotope equilibration within the metamorphic mineral assemblage. Moreover, coesitebearing mantles show geochemical characteristics that are distinctly different from those of previous studies: (1) The chondritenormalized pattern shows a steep slope from HREE (heavy rare earth elements) to LREE (light rare earth elements) with a moderately negative Eu anomaly (mean Eu/Eu* = 0.53). Such a pattern requires that phases enriched in LREE (e.g., allanite) and europium (e.g., K-feldspar) were stable during UHP conditions. (2) The positive Ce anomaly is very pronounced (Ce/Ce* of 612-657), e.g., about seven to eight times higher than that of the inherited core; (3) The uranium content is very low (6-25 ppm) and the Th/U ratio elevated (0.52-2.83). These data for the coesite-bearing mantle are distinctly different from those of previous studies. We interpret the data to suggest high O fugacity during the UHP and retrograde metamorphic evolution, which also played a critical role in restraining diamond growth in Sulu-Dabie UHP rocks. © 2009 E. Schweizerbart'sehe Verlagsbuchhandlung. Article 2009 English 09351221 10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1965 European Journal of Mineralogy 21 Gebruder Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung 1225 – 1250 6 China; Dabie-Sulu Belt; Sulu Belt; Binary alloys; Exploratory geochemistry; Feldspar; Geochronology; Isotopes; Lead alloys; Levees; Metamorphic rocks; Rare earth elements; Rare earths; Silica; Trace elements; Zircon; Allanite; Coesite; Gneiss; Hf isotope; Sulu UHP terrane; U-Pb dating; allanite; cathodoluminescence; coesite; diamond; gneiss; hafnium; isotopic fractionation; lutetium; rare earth element; retrograde metamorphism; trace element; uranium-lead dating; zircon; Lutetium alloys https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77149170566&doi=10.1127%2f0935-1221%2f2009%2f0021-1965&partnerID=40&md5=71aa7a7953c7875bca409171e7cdced3 Cited by: 27 Fulai Liu Axel Gerdes Jahnguang Liou Plnghua Liu article Xuexiang2009267 In order to contribute to a better understanding of exhumation related retrogression processes ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) in the Maobei eclogite body of the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt in eastern China were studied for their magnetofabrics. Variably retrogressed eclogites and serpentinized ultramafic rocks were retrieved from the depth interval of 100 to 1000 m of the borehole. A vein network of irregular shaped veins with a retrograde metamorphic assemblage cuts across the eclogite foliation at both low and high angles. SEM imaging of the eclogites documents that magnetite associated with retrograde pargasitic amphiboles developed around shape-preferred garnet. SEM imaging of the serpentinized ultramafic rocks documents that magnetite rims grew around shape-preferred garnet and that magnetite formed within a mesh texture related to serpentinization. Syn-serpentinization magnetite growth increased bulk susceptibilities, but reduced anisotropy. Maximum susceptibility axes from both eclogites and serpentinized garnet-peridotites trend N-S, i.e. parallel with the stretching lineation as defined by olivine and omphacite grains. This implies that the magnetic fabric mimics the UHP fabric and survived retrogression and that the fabric is inherited from the UHP stage. As a consequence, retrogression was not associated with substantial ductile deformation and the mafic-ultramafic Maobei body behaved as a rigid body within a ductile deforming quartzo-feldspathic matrix during exhumation. Internal strain is restricted to brittle fracturing, associated fluid circulation and vein formation facilitating retrograde reactions in the mafic-ultramafic rocks. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2009 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2008.09.015 Tectonophysics 475 267 – 278 2 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; Deformation; Drilling; Fabrics; Garnets; Magnetite; Olivine; Oxide minerals; Rocks; Silicate minerals; Textures; CCSD; Exhumation; Magnetofabrics; Sulu; Ultrahigh-pressure; amphibole; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; eclogite; exhumation; magnetic fabric; magnetite; retrograde metamorphism; texture; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; ultramafic rock; Metamorphic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349093161&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2008.09.015&partnerID=40&md5=2f40631aba456adfa109c26bcd09538e Cited by: 7 Qi Xuexiang Jens C. Grimmer Xu Zhiqin article He2009525 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project is located at the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt. It offers a unique opportunity for studying the radiogenic heat production of both shallower and deeper rocks. Based on the concentrations of radiogenic elements U, Th and K on 349 samples from main hole of CCSD (CCSD MH), pilot holes and exposures, we determined radiogenic heat productions of all major rock types in the Sulu UHPM belt. Results show the mean values of orthogneiss and paragneiss are respectively 1.65 ± 0.81 and 1.24 ± 0.61 μW m- 3. Due to different composition and grade of retrogressive metamorphism, the eclogites display significant scatter in radiogenic heat production, ranging from 0.01 to 2.85 μW m- 3, with a mean of 0.44 ± 0.55 μW m- 3. The radiogenic heat production in ultramafic rocks also varies within a large range of 0.02 to 1.76 μW m- 3, and the average turns out to be 0.18 ± 0.31 μW m- 3. Based on the measurements and crustal petrologic model, the vertical distribution model of heat production in Sulu crust is established. The resulting mean heat production (0.76 μW m- 3) contributes 24 mW m- 2 to the surface heat flow. 1-D thermal model indicates that the temperature at the Moho reaches above 750 °C, and the thermal thickness of the lithosphere is ~ 75 km, in good agreement with the geophysical results. The high teat flow (~ 75 mW m- 2) together with thin lithosphere presents strong support for the extension events during the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2009 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.11.022 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 277 525 – 538 3-4 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; Calluna vulgaris; Structural geology; Uranium alloys; CCSD; CCSD-MH; Cenozoic; Chinese Continental Scientific drillings; Eclogites; Heat productions; Large ranges; Mean values; Metamorphic belts; Pilot holes; radiogenic heat production; Rock types; Sulu UHPM belt; Surface heat flows; Thermal models; thermal structure; Ultramafic rocks; Vertical distributions; Cenozoic; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; Cretaceous; eclogite; heat flow; heat production; lithosphere; metamorphism; Moho; petrology; retrogression; thermal structure; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; ultramafic rock; vertical distribution; Production https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149277130&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2008.11.022&partnerID=40&md5=515a205daf763c1e136fb5a8563bb863 Cited by: 34 Lijuan He Shengbiao Hu Wencai Yang Jiyang Wang article Xu2009235 The 5158-m-deep main borehole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) penetrated granitic gneisses, paragneisses, eclogites, retrograde eclogites, amphibolites and ultramafic rocks in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, eastern China. The CCSD-MH consists of four petro-structural units separated by three SE-dipping ductile shear zones DFa (835-1280 m), DFb (2010-2280 m) and DFc (2920-3225 m), which are correspondent with the regional shear zones in the northern Sulu UHP supracrustal zone. Using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, we investigated the lattice-preferred orientations (LPOs) of omphacite, diopside and quartz in core samples from the CCSD-MH. Omphacite from eclogites and diopside from garnet pyroxenites display very strong LPOs, which are characterized by the maximum concentration of [001]-axes parallel to the lineation and (010)-poles normal to the foliation. Quartz in para- and granitic mylonites/gneisses from the shear zones DFa, DFb and DFc developed multiple slip systems. 40Ar/39Ar dating of biotite in para- and granitic gneisses from the CCSD-MH yields 223-202 Ma, which constrains the formation ages of the quartz high-temperature prism slip systems {m}<a> and {m}[c]. The asymmetric LPOs of omphacite, diopside, olivine and quartz with respect to the structural frame reveal three deformation phases in the Sulu terrane. In the Middle Triassic, the northward subduction of the Yangtze plate to depths > 100 km produced a top-to-the-south shear sense in LPOs of omphacite, diopside and olivine, and a nearly N-S-striking foliation and a subhorizontal N-S-trending lineation in eclogites and ultramafic rocks. In the Late Triassic, the UHP rocks were exhumed to the lower crust and quartz developed high-temperature slip systems with a top-to-the-NW shear sense, which is consistent with the regional SE-dipping foliation and SE-plunging lineation in the ductile shear zones. In the Cretaceous the UHP rocks were exhumed to the middle crust when the migmatization and granitic intrusion formed a NE-striking antiform structure. As a result, the activation of quartz low-temperature basal slip (0001)<a> is characterized by a top-to-the-SE shear sense in the south, but a top-to-the-NW shear sense in the north. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2009 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.041 Tectonophysics 475 235 – 250 2 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; Yangtze Platform; Drilling; Electron diffraction; Garnets; Housing; Kinematics; Metal vapor lamps; Mica; Olivine; Oxide minerals; Quartz; Rocks; Shear deformation; Silicate minerals; Spontaneous emission; Structural design; Structural geology; Tectonics; X ray powder diffraction; Ar dating; Continental subduction; Exhumation; Lattice-preferred orientation; Sulu terrane; amphibolite; asymmetry; borehole geophysics; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; deformation; dip-slip fault; eclogite; exhumation; gneiss; kinematics; lineation; petrofabric; preferred orientation; regional metamorphism; retrograde metamorphism; shear zone; subduction; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; ultramafic rock; Metamorphic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349112744&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2009.02.041&partnerID=40&md5=4e22507c8414552e4335544254003ee0 Cited by: 32 Zhiqin Xu Qin Wang Zhemin Tang Fangyuan Chen article Liu2009318 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) project, part of the International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP), has completed drilling a 5158 m hole in the eastern part of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt. This study reports on an apatite fission track analysis of core samples from 0 to 4000 m depth in the CCSD main hole (CCSD-MH). We determined the fission track ages of 38 apatite samples from different depths. The ages range between 98.6 ± 17.0 and 3.2 ± 1.3 Ma, showing a general decreasing trend with depth, from 87.1 ± 11.2 Ma at the surface to 3.2 ± 1.3 Ma at 3899 m depth. As a first approximation, an average uplift rate of ~ 35 m/Ma is calculated for the period 90-30 Ma. The trend in ages within the borehole shows some fluctuations, and indicates movements along major faults. It is inferred that the highest-level major normal fault occurs at a depth of ~ 350 m, recording a vertical displacement of ~ 400 m. Movement along another prominent normal fault at a depth of ~ 2150 m occurred subsequent to ~ 25 Ma. Three major reverse faults occur at about 2450, 3050 and 3250 m depth. Testing geological constrains against the fission track data set indicated an agreement with a reheating of the area during the late Cretaceous and Eocene, followed by cooling to ~ 80 °C during the Eocene and a low cooling until the samples reached their present-day position in the Donghai area. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 2009 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.03.015 Tectonophysics 475 318-326 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, Research Group: Thermochronology and Archaeometry, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Max-Planck-Institute of Nuclear Physics, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, China 2 CCSD; Donghai; Fission track dating; Thermochronology; Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt, Apatite; Cooling; Drilling; Fission reactions; Metamorphic rocks; Phosphate minerals; Statistical tests, Boreholes, age determination; apatite; borehole geophysics; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; displacement; fission track dating; geochronology; normal fault; thermochronology; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; uplift, Asia; China; Dabie-Sulu Belt; Donghai [Jiangsu]; Eurasia; Far East; Jiangsu https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349100094&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2009.03.015&partnerID=40&md5=f9bf10919520c5502271f4634875b2c0 cited By 13 S.S. Liu U. Weber U.A. Glasmacher Z.Q. Xu G.A. Wagner article JI2009201 2009 0040-1951 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.007 Tectonophysics 475 201-203 2 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195109002169 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Shaocheng Ji Zhiqin Xu article Liu2009805 Based on new evidence the Sulu orogen is divided from south-east to north-west into high-pressure (HP) crustal slice I and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) crustal slices II and III. A combined set of mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence images, U-Pb SHRIMP dating and in situ trace element and Lu-Hf isotope analyses was obtained on zircon from orthogneisses of the different slices. Zircon grains typically have three distinct domains that formed during crystallization of the magmatic protolith, HP or UHP metamorphism and late-amphibolite facies retrogression, respectively: (i) oscillatory zoned cores, with low-pressure (LP) mineral inclusions and Th/U > 0.38; (ii) high-luminescent mantles (Th/U < 0.10), with HP mineral inclusions of Qtz + Grt + Arg + Phe + Ap for slice I zircon and Coe + Grt + Phe + Kfs + Ap for both slices II and III zircon; (iii) low-luminescent rims, with LP mineral inclusions and Th/U < 0.08. Zircon U-Pb SHRIMP analyses of inherited cores point to protolith ages of 785-770 Ma in all seven orthogneisses. The ages recorded for UHP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression in slice II zircon (c. 228 and c. 215 Ma, respectively) are significantly older than those of slice III zircon (c. 218 and c. 202 Ma, respectively), while slice I zircon recorded even older ages for HP metamorphism and subsequent retrogression (c. 245 and c. 231 Ma, respectively). Moreover, Ar-Ar biotite ages from six paragneisses, interpreted as dating amphibolite facies retrogression, gradually decrease from HP slice I (c. 232 Ma) to UHP slice II (c. 215 Ma) and UHP slice III (c. 203 Ma). The combined data set suggests decreasing ages for HP or UHP metamorphism and late retrogression in the Sulu orogen from south-east to north-west. Thus, the HP-UHP units are interpreted to represent three crustal slices, which underwent different subduction and exhumation histories. Slice I was detached from the continental lithosphere at ∼55-65 km depth and subsequently exhumed while subduction of the underlying slice II continued to ∼100-120 km depth (UHP) before detachment and exhumation. Slice III experienced a similar geodynamic evolution as slice II, however, both UHP metamorphism and subsequent exhumation took place c. 10 Myr later. Magmatic zircon cores from two types of orthogneiss in UHP slices II and III show similar mid-Neoproterozoic crystallization ages, but have contrasting Hf isotope compositions (εHf(∼785) = -2.7 to +2.2 and -17.3 to -11.1, respectively), suggesting their formation from distinct crustal units (Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic to Archean, respectively) during the breakup of Rodinia. The UHP and the retrograde zircon domains are characterized by lower Th/U and 176Lu/177Hf but higher 176Hf/177Hf(t) than the Neoproterozoic igneous cores. The similarity between UHP and retrograde domains indicates that late retrogression did not significantly modify chemical and isotopic composition of the UHP metamorphic system. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Article 2009 English 15251314 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00833.x Journal of Metamorphic Geology 27 805 – 825 9 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; amphibolite facies; cathodoluminescence; continental lithosphere; crystallization; exhumation; hafnium; isotopic analysis; isotopic composition; lead isotope; lutetium; orthogneiss; Proterozoic; rare earth element; SHRIMP dating; subduction; trace element; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; uranium-lead dating; zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450179896&doi=10.1111%2fj.1525-1314.2009.00833.x&partnerID=40&md5=64863f0e0d86e10cb1186cd8878b46a1 Cited by: 63 F.L. Liu A. Gerdes H.M. Xue article Xu2009204 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) deep borehole, which reached a depth of 5158 m in the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane, provides a new window into the deep root of a continent-continent collision belt, and the tectonic processes by which supracrustal material is recycled into the mantle by subduction and then uplifted to the surface. Major research themes of the CCSD project were to: (1) determine the three-dimensional composition, structure and geophysical character of the deep root of this orogenic belt; (2) investigate the nature and timing of the UHP metamorphism; (3) investigate the processes of crust-mantle interaction involved in the formation and exhumation of the UHP rocks; (4) study the process of fluid circulation and mineralization during subduction and exhumation; (5) study the rheological properties of the various rocks during subduction and exhumation; (6) develop and refine dynamic models for deep subduction and exhumation of crustal rocks, and (7) establish a long-term, natural laboratory for the study of present-day crustal dynamics (e.g., stress, strain, fluid activity). The CCSD has developed precise oriented profiles of the main borehole in terms of lithology, geochemistry, oxygen isotopes, zircon SHRIMP U-Pb ages, 40Ar-39Ar ages, deformation, rheology, mineralization, physical properties of the rocks, petrophysical logs, seismic reflections and underground fluids. The present paper summarizes the integrated research results of this project, especially the new findings concerning the deep root of a continent-continent collision. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2009 English 00401951 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.02.029 Tectonophysics 475 204 – 219 2 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; Isotopes; Lead; Lithology; Mineralogy; Oxygen; Rheology; Rocks; Silicate minerals; Tectonics; Zircon; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD); Continent collisions; Crustal rocks; Deep boreholes; Deep root of a continent-continent collision belt; Deep roots; Fluid circulation; Integrated research; Natural laboratories; Orogenic belts; Oxygen isotopes; Petrophysical; Rheological property; Scientific drilling; Seismic reflections; Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane; Tectonic process; U-Pb ages; UHP metamorphism; Ultrahigh pressure; Ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terranes; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; continental collision; exhumation; mineralization; orogenic belt; subduction; tectonic setting; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; uplift; Drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349126266&doi=10.1016%2fj.tecto.2009.02.029&partnerID=40&md5=c8617fdd523a75666d2e72a4fd642622 Cited by: 79 Zhiqin Xu Wencai Yang Shaocheng Ji Zeming Zhang Jingsui Yang Qin Wang Zhemin Tang article Schmidt2008203 The Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in eastern China is one of the largest ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terranes worldwide. Mineral Sm-Nd- and zircon U-Pb dating has been widely used to reveal the metamorphic history of this collisional orogen. However, the exact timing of the UHP metamorphic event(s) remains controversial and ages ranging from 245 Ma to 220 Ma have been suggested. We present high precision garnet-cpx Lu-Hf ages for six eclogites from the Dabie and Sulu areas. All ages fall in a narrow range between 219.6 and 224.4 Ma. Five samples define a mean age of 223.0 ± 0.9 Ma and one sample yields a slightly younger age of 219.6 ± 1.4 Ma. This very tight age range is particularly remarkable considering the large regional distribution of sample localities (on the order of 100 km at the time of UHP metamorphism) and the wide variety of garnet and eclogite chemical compositions represented. Two samples yield Sm-Nd ages that are indistinguishable from their Lu-Hf ages, albeit with larger uncertainties. The identical ages of eclogites from both the Dabie and the Sulu region emphasize their close genetic relationship and similar metamorphic histories. The Lu-Hf results appear to date a punctuated event of garnet growth. Alternatively, the Lu-Hf garnet ages may represent the onset of rapid, contemporaneous uplift and subsequent cooling. However, trace element zoning of Lu and Hf is still preserved in garnet porphyroblasts, even in those with a homogeneous major element distribution. Thus, complete re-equilibration of the Lu-Hf system during peak-temperature conditions probably did not occur. The garnet forming event can be placed toward the final stage of the UHP metamorphism, in agreement with some published U-Pb zircon ages. A possible trigger for this short-lived and widespread mineral growth episode may have been a fluid that became available at that stage of the metamorphic history. Although HREE-depleted patterns of older zircon grains may indicate the presence of an older generation of garnet, complete eclogitisation may have been inhibited during the major part of the prograde P-T path due to dry conditions during most of the UHP metamorphism. The uniform Lu-Hf (and Sm-Nd) ages of all investigated Dabie and Sulu eclogites suggest that garnet growth and thus possibly fluid availability were limited to a short time interval over a remarkably large regional scale. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2008 English 0012821X 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.06.036 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273 203 – 213 1-2 Asia; China; Dabie-Sulu Belt; Eurasia; Far East; Chemical elements; Garnets; Geochronology; Hafnium; History; Land use; Lead alloys; Lutetium; Metamorphic rocks; Mineralogy; Minerals; Mining; Neodymium; Silica; Trace elements; Zircon; Chemical compositions; Dry conditions; Eastern China; eclogite; Eclogites; eclogitisation; Genetic relationships; HF systems; High-precision; Lu-Hf geochronology; Major elements; Mineral growth; Orogenic belts; Porphyroblasts; Re-equilibration; Regional distribution; Regional scales; Short time; Sm-Nd geochronology; Subsequent cooling; Temperature conditions; U-Pb dating; U-Pb zircon; UHP metamorphism; ultrahigh-pressure; chemical composition; eclogite; garnet; geochronology; hafnium; lutetium; orogenic belt; P-T-t path; terrane; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; Silicate minerals https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-49249128039&doi=10.1016%2fj.epsl.2008.06.036&partnerID=40&md5=7c3f5a19461637da2694cb9cc704e6aa Cited by: 73; All Open Access, Green Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Alexander Schmidt Stefan Weyer Klaus Mezger Erik E. Scherer Yilin Xiao Jochen Hoefs Gerhard P. Brey article LIU20082973 In this study, we link mineral inclusion data, trace element analyses, U–Pb age and Hf isotope composition obtained from distinct zircon domains of complex zircon to unravel the origin and multi-stage metamorphic evolution of amphibolites from the Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane, eastern China. Zircon grains separated from amphibolites from the CCSD-MH drill hole (G12) and Niushan outcrop (G13) were subdivided into two main types based on cathodoluminescence (CL) and Laser Raman spectroscopy: big dusty zircons with inherited cores and UHP metamorphic rims and small clear zircons. Weakly zoned, grey-white luminescent inherited cores preserve mineral inclusions of Cpx+Pl+Ap±Qtz indicative of a mafic igneous protolith. Dark grey luminescent overgrowth rims contain the coesite eclogite-facies mineral inclusion assemblage Coe+Grt+Omp+Phe+Ap, and formed at T=732–839°C and P=3.0–4.0GPa. In contrast, white luminescent small clear zircons preserve mineral inclusions formed during retrograde HP quartz eclogite to LP amphibolite-facies metamorphism (T=612–698°C and P=0.70–1.05GPa). Inherited zircons from both samples yield SHRIMP 206Pb/238U ages of 695–520Ma with an upper intercept age of 800±31Ma. The UHP rims yield consistent Triassic ages around 236–225 and 239–225Ma for G12 and G13 with weighted means of 229±3 and 231±3Ma, respectively. Small clear zircons from both samples give 206Pb/238U ages around 219–210Ma with a weighted mean of 214±3Ma, interpreted as the age of retrograde quartz eclogite-facies metamorphism. Matrix amphibole from both samples indicate Ar–Ar ages of 209±0.7 and 207±0.7Ma, respectively, probably dating late amphibolite-facies retrogression. The data suggest subduction of Neoproterozoic mafic igneous rocks to UHP conditions in Middle Triassic (∼230Ma) times and subsequent exhumation to an early HP (∼214Ma) and a late LP stage (∼208Ma) over a period of ∼16 and 6Myr, respectively. Thus, early exhumation from a mantle depth of 120–100km to about 60km occurred at an average rate of 0.3cm/y, while subsequent exhumation to a middle crustal level took place at approximately 0.54cm/y. These exhumation rates are considerably slower than those obtained for UHP rocks in the Dora Maira and Kokchetav massifs (2–3cm/y). Based on similar P–T estimates and trace element and Hf isotope compositions, Sulu amphibolites can be identified as retrograde UHP eclogites. The εHf(800) of +8 implies a significant input from the depleted mantle to the Sulu–Dabie terrane during the middle Neoproterozoic. Overgrown rims are characterized by a distinct trace element composition with low Lu/Hf and Th/U and significantly higher 176Hf/177Hf ratios than inherited cores, consistent with formation during/after garnet (re-)crystallization and fractionation of the Lu–Hf system during UHP metamorphism. The combined dataset suggests homogenization of the 176Hf/177Hf ratio within the metamorphic mineral assemblage and during protolith formation. Observed variations are explained by mixing of material from both domains during laser ablation, e.g., due to partial recrystallization of inherited cores. 2008 0016-7037 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.007 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72 2973-3000 12 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703708001804 Fulai Liu Axel Gerdes Lingsen Zeng Huaimin Xue article Liu2007454 The 5158 m deep main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) at Maobei, southwestern Sulu Belt, penetrated five major lithologic units: eclogite, amphibolite ± retrograde eclogite, ultramafic rock, paragneiss, and orthogneiss. All analyzed samples are overprinted to various extents by amphibolite-facies retrograde metamorphism. Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) index minerals are preserved as inclusions in zircons separated from 137 core samples. These index assemblages include: Coe + Phe + Grt from Grt-Ep-Bt paragneiss; Coe + Jd + Grt + Ap, Coe + Jd + Phe + Ap and Coe + Grt + Jd + Phe from Grt-Ep-Hbl paragneiss; Coe + Phe, Coe + Ky + Ap, and Coe + Ky + Ttn from orthogneiss; and Coe + Grt + Omp, Coe + Grt + Phe, Coe + Omp + Rt, and Coe + Grt + Omp + Phe from Bt-Ep amphibolite and other retrograde eclogites. The common occurrences of these UHP assemblages throughout the section indicate that the drill hole did not penetrate through the UHP tectonic slice. All of the UHP mineral assemblages, whether from retrograde ecologites or from the surrounding gneisses, record similar metamorphic conditions of 773-843°C and 3.2-4.0 GPa. Zircons separated from surface samples and cores from other shallow holes in the area also contain similar coesite-bearing UHP mineral inclusions. This widespread occurrence of UHP assemblages in the southwestern Sulu area suggests that voluminous continental materials were subducted and metamorphosed at mantle depths > 100 km, and then were rapidly exhumed to crustal levels. Copyright © 2007 by V. H. Winston & Son, Inc. All rights reserved. Article 2007 English 00206814 10.2747/0020-6814.49.5.454 International Geology Review 49 454 – 478 5 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; amphibolite facies; crustal structure; eclogite; exhumation; fluid inclusion; Ocean Drilling Program; orthogneiss; retrograde metamorphism; subduction; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; ultramafic rock; zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34249790856&doi=10.2747%2f0020-6814.49.5.454&partnerID=40&md5=446624ba9dab354ade272f8fcacfb68d Cited by: 51 Fulai Liu Zhiqin Xu J.G. Liou Hailiang Dong Huaimin Xue article https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00945.x Abstract: Eclogite lenses in marbles from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane are deeply subducted meta-sedimentary rocks. Zircons in these rocks have been used to constrain the ages of prograde and UHP metamorphism during subduction, and later retrograde metamorphism during exhumation. Inherited (detrital) and metamorphic zircons were distinguished on the basis of transmitted light microscopy, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, trace element contents and mineral inclusions. The distribution of mineral inclusions combined with CL imaging of the metamorphic zircon make it possible to relate zircon zones (domains) to different metamorphic stages. Domain 1 consists of rounded, oblong and spindly cores with dark-luminescent images, and contains quartz eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under high-pressure (HP) metamorphic conditions of T = 571–668°C and P = 1.7-2.02 GPa. Domain 2 always surrounds domain 1 or occurs as rounded and spindly cores with white-luminescent images. It contains coesite eclogite facies mineral inclusion assemblages, indicating formation under UHP metamorphic conditions of T = 782–849°C and P > 5.5 GPa. Domain 3, with gray-luminescent images, always surrounds domain 2 and occurs as the outermost zircon rim. It is characterized by low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblages, which are related to regional amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism of T = 600–710°C and P = 0.7-1.2 GPa. The three metamorphic zircon domains have distinct ages; sample H1 from the Dabie terrane yielded SHRIMP ages of 245 ± 4 Ma for domain 1, 235 ± 3 Ma for domain 2 and 215 ± 6 Ma for domain 3, whereas sample H2 from the Sulu terrane yielded similar ages of 244 ± 4 Ma, 233 ± 4 Ma and 214 ± 5 Ma for Domains 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The mean ages of these zones suggest that subduction to UHP depths took place over 10–11 Ma and exhumation of the rocks occurred over a period of 19–20 Ma. Thus, subduction from ∼ 55 km to > 160 km deep mantle depth took place at rates of approximately 9.5–10.5 km/Ma and exhumation from depths >160 km to the base of the crust at −30 km occurred at approximately 6.5 km/Ma. We propose a model for these rocks involving deep subduction of continental margin Iithosphere followed by ultrafast exhumation driven by buoyancy forces after break-off of the UHP slab deep within the mantle. 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00945.x Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 81 204-225 2 zoned zircon, SHRIMP U-Pb dating, ultra-deep subduction, fast exhumation, eclogite, lenses in marble, Dabie-Sulu UHP belt https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00945.x LIU Fulai A. Gerdes P. T. ROBINSON XUE Huaimin YE Jianguo article Xiao2006443 In order to reconstruct the formation and exhumation mechanisms of UHP metamorphic terrains, the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) has been carried out in Donghai of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, East China. Eclogite, gneiss, amphibolite (retrograded from eclogite), ultramafic rocks, and minor schist and quartzite have been drilled. Aiming to reveal the fluid behaviour in a vertical sequence of an UHP slab, we investigated fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope characteristics of selected drillcores from the main hole and the pilot-holes PP2 and ZK 703 of the CCSD. More than 540 laser-ablation oxygen isotope analyses on garnet, omphacite, quartz, kyanite, amphibole, phengite, rutile, epidote, amphibole, plagioclase, and biotite from various rocks in the depth range of 0-3,000 m (mainly eclogite and gneiss) show that the investigated rocks can be divided into two groups: 18O-depleted rocks (as low as δ18O = -7.4‰ for garnet) indicate interaction with cold climate meteoric waters, whereas 18O-normal rocks (with bulk δ18O > +5.6‰) have preserved the O-isotopic compositions of their protoliths. Meteoric water/rock interaction has reached depths of at least 2,700 m. Oxygen isotope equilibrium has generally been achieved. Isotopic compositions of mineral phases are homogeneous on a mm to cm scale regardless of lithology, but heterogeneous on the scale of a few metres. Oxygen isotope distributions in the vertical sections favour an "in situ" origin of the UHP metamorphic rocks. The very negative δ18O eclogites usually have higher hydroxyl-mineral contents than the normal δ18O rocks, indicating higher water content during UHP metamorphism. Fluid inclusion data suggest that rocks with depleted 18O compositions have had different fluid histories compared to those with normal δ18O values. Rocks with depleted 18O mainly have primary medium-to-high salinity inclusions in omphacite, kyanite and quartz, and abundant secondary low-salinity or pure water inclusions in quartz, indicating a high-salinity-brine-dominated fluid system during peak UHP metamorphism; no carbonic inclusions have been identified in these rocks. By contrast, primary very high-density CO2 inclusions are commonly found in the rocks with normal δ18O values. These observations suggest that fluid and oxygen isotope composition of minerals are related and reflect variable degrees of alterations of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks. © Springer-Verlag 2006. Article 2006 English 00107999 10.1007/s00410-006-0084-5 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152 443 – 458 4 Asia; China; Dabie-Sulu Belt; Donghai; Eurasia; Far East; Jiangsu; fluid inclusion; isotopic composition; metamorphic rock; mineralogy; oxygen isotope; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748658215&doi=10.1007%2fs00410-006-0084-5&partnerID=40&md5=9fe2bb64a21d471eb627de6dee7b927b Cited by: 58 Yilin Xiao Zeming Zhang Jochen Hoefs Alfons Kerkhof article Zhang2006421 The main hole (MH) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD) in southern Sulu has penetrated into an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rock slice which consists of orthogneiss, paragneiss, eclogite, ultramafic rock and minor schist. Recovered eclogites have a UHP metamorphic mineral assemblage of garnet + omphacite + rutile ± phengite ± kyanite ± coesite ± epidote. Ultramafic rocks contain garnet + olivine + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene ± Ti-clinohumite ± phlogopite. Gneisses and schists contain an amphibolite-facies paragenesis, but their zircons have coesite, garnet, omphacite (or jadeite) and phengite inclusions, indicating that eclogites and gneisses have been subjected to in situ UHP metamorphism. Using available geothermobarometers, P-T estimates of 3.1-4.4 GPa and 678-816°C for eclogites were obtained. If surface outcrops and neighboring shallow drill holes are considered together, we suggest that a huge supracrustal rock slab (> 50 km long × > 100 km wide × 5 km deep) was subducted to a depth > 100 km and then exhumed to the surface. The depth interval (0-2,050 m) of the CCSD-MH can be divided into six lithological units. Unit 1 consists of alternating layers of quartz-rich and rutile-rich eclogites, with thin interlayers of gneiss and schist. Eclogites of unit 1 are characterized by Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti depletions, low Mg number and general LREE enrichment. Unit 2 comprises rutile- and ilmenite-rich eclogite and minor "normal" eclogite and is characterized by high TiO2, total Fe, V, Co and Sr, and very low SiO2, alkali, Zr, Ba, Nb, Ta and total REE contents, and LREE-depleted REE patterns with slightly positive Eu anomalies. Unit 3 contains ultramafic rock and minor MgO-rich eclogite. Protoliths of UHP rocks from units 1, 2 and 3 represent a layered mafic to ultramafic intrusion at crustal depth. Units 4 and 6 consist of interlayered eclogite and paragneiss; the eclogites are characterized by Th, U, Nb, Ta and Ti depletion and K enrichment and LREE-enriched REE patterns. Paragneisses show Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti depletions and LREE-enriched REE patterns occasionally with slightly negative Eu anomalies, indicating that their protoliths represent metamorphic supracrustal series. Unit 5 consists mainly of orthogneisses, showing distinct Nb, Ta, Sr and Ti depletions, and LREE-enriched REE patterns with pronounced negative Eu anomalies, suggesting granitic protoliths. In conclusion it is proposed that the southern Sulu UHP belt consists of a series of meta-supracrustal rocks, a layered mafic-ultramafic complex and granites. © Springer-Verlag 2006. Article 2006 English 00107999 10.1007/s00410-006-0120-5 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 152 421 – 441 4 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sulu Belt; amphibolite facies; chemical composition; geochemistry; metamorphic rock; P-T conditions; paragenesis; petrology; supracrustal rock; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748653345&doi=10.1007%2fs00410-006-0120-5&partnerID=40&md5=4f524149810f84d88b93f16a32c8a8eb Cited by: 95 Zeming Zhang Yilin Xiao Jochen Hoefs J.G. Liou Klaus Simon article Ratschbacher200645 There are three sutures in the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogen in the Tongbai-Xinxian (northern Hong'an)-northern Dabie area: the Silurian Sino-Korean craton-Erlangping intra-oceanic arc suture, the Silurian Erlangping arc-Qinling unit (microcontinent) suture, and the Early Triassic Qinling unit-Yangtze craton suture. We resolve the controversy regarding the age of the Sino-Korean craton-Yangtze craton collisionby recognizing that there was Paleozoic collision between the Qinling unit and the Sino-Korean craton and Mesozoic collision between the Qinling unit and the Yangtze craton. The Qinling unit constitutes a long and narrow microcontinent that extends through the Qinling-Dabie area and probably into the Sulu area. Its common characteristics are the Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.0 Ga) Jinningian orogeny, ca. 0.8-0.7 Ga arc formation and rifting, and Late Silurian-Early Devonian (ca. 400 Ma) arc magmatism with concomitant regional contact metamorphism up to granulite-facies conditions (peak: 680-740 °C at 0.9-1.1 GPa). A common Proterozoic history links the Qinling microcontinent to the Yangtze craton. Its 400 Ma arc, forearc basin, and its separation from the Yangtze craton by the partly oceanic Huwan mélange make the Qinling microcontinent distinct. The forearc basin sits on the southern part of the 400 Ma arc and underlying Proterozoic continental basement, and detrital geochronology ties it to the Qinling microcontinent basement and its arc. The Huwan mélange is a subduction-accretion complex containing elements of the Qinling microcontinent and its arc, the Paleotethyan ocean floor, and possibly the Yangtze craton. Quartz eclogites (540-590 °C, 2.1 GPa) signify ca. 315 Ma subduction. Devonian to Permian eclogite zircon ages, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar and Rb/Sr mineral ages in the forearc and its basement, and static, Permian blueschist metamorphism in the upper-plate basement testify to subduction throughout the late Paleozoic. The ̃10-km-wide Huwan detachment bounds the high- and ultrahigh-pressure rocks of the Xinxian-Hong'an block (pressure peak at older than 240 Ma) along their northern margin. It is partly responsible for exhumation of the high- and ultrahighpressure rocks, but the entire basement core of Hong'an-Dabie orogen is also strongly deformed. The Huwan shear-zone high-strain deformation indicates passage of rocks through the lithosphere by subhorizontal N-S extension and vertical contraction, showcased by condensed Triassic isograds (420 °C and ̃0.4 GPa in the hanging wall and ̃530 °C and 2.2 GPa in the footwall). The Huwan detachment produced Triassic crustal exhumation rates of 1.9-1.4 mm/yr; synkinematic phengite grew as early as ca. 235 Ma, and the main retrograde deformation occurred at 224-195 Ma. The Tongbai-Xinxian area shows a massive 130-115 Ma cluster of cooling ages, reflecting regional cooling after granitoid injection and regional Cretaceous heating. Apatite fission-track ages cluster at 80-55 Ma and signify cooling related to transtension that coincided with rifting marked by Late Cretaceous-Eocene red bed deposition throughout eastern China. Exhumation rates of for the last 70 m.y. have been slow: ̃0.06 mm/yr. The India-Asia collision reactivated the orogen in the Eocene, particularly along the Tanlu fault zone and locally along fault zones in Tongbai-Xinxian. © 2006 Geological Society of America. Article 2006 English 00721077 10.1130/2006.2403(03) Special Paper of the Geological Society of America 403 Geological Society of America 45 – 75 China; Dabie Mountains; Henan; Tongbai; Xinxiang; Cooling; Deformation; Fission reactions; Geochronology; Metamorphic rocks; Phosphate minerals; Silicate minerals; Structural geology; Zircon; Holocenes; Huwan detachment; Qinling-dabie-sulu orogen; Sino-korean-yangtze suture; Ultrahigh pressure; exhumation; orogeny; Paleozoic; suture zone; Tertiary; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; Buildings https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34248517036&doi=10.1130%2f2006.2403%2803%29&partnerID=40&md5=da0b4d9312955600d743bad36706d64f Cited by: 222 Lothar Ratschbacher Leander Franz Eva Enkelmann Raymond Jonckheere Axel Pörschke Bradley R. Hacker Shuwen Dong Yueqiao Zhang article Liu2006569 Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircon from Sulu-Dabie dolomitic marbles is characterized by distinctive domains of inherited (detrital), prograde, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and retrograde metamorphic growths. The inherited zircon domains are dark-luminescent in CL images and contain mineral inclusions of Qtz + Cal + Ap. The prograde metamorphic domains are white-luminescent in CL images and preserve a quartz eclogite facies assemblage of Qtz + Dol + Grt + Omp + Phe + Ap, formed at 542-693 °C and 1.8-2.1GPa. In contrast, the UHP metamorphic domains are grey-luminescent in CL images, retain the UHP assemblage of Coe + Grt + Omp + Arg + Mgs + Ap, and record UHP conditions of 739-866 °C and > 5.5 GPa. The outermost retrograde rims have dark-luminescent CL images, and contain low- P minerals such as calcite, related to the regional amphibolite facies retrogression. Laser ablation ICP-MS trace-element data show striking difference between the inherited cores of mostly magmatic origin and zircon domains grown in response to prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphism. SHRIMP U-Pb dating on these zoned zircon identified four discrete 206Pb/238U age groups: 1823-503 Ma is recorded in the inherited (detrital) zircon derived from various Proterozoic protoliths, the prograde domains record the quartz eclogite facies metamorphism at 254-239 Ma, the UHP growth domains occurred at 238-230 Ma, and the late amphibolite facies retrogressive overprint in the outermost rims was restricted to 218-206 Ma. Thus, Proterozoic continental materials of the Yangtze craton were subducted to 55-60km depth during the Early Triassic and recrystallized at quartz eclogite facies conditions. Then these metamorphic rocks were further subducted to depths of 165-175 km in the Middle Triassic and experienced UHP metamorphism, and finally these UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid-crustal levels (about 30km) in the Late Triassic and overprinted by regional amphibolite facies metamorphism. The subduction and exhumation rates deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P-T conditions are 9-10 km Myr-1 and 6.4km Myr-1, respectively, and these rapid subduction-exhumation rates may explain the obtained P-T-t path. Such a fast exhumation suggests that Sulu-Dabie UHP rocks that returned towards crustal depths were driven by buoyant forces, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff at mantle depth. © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Article 2006 English 15251314 10.1111/j.1525-1314.2006.00655.x Journal of Metamorphic Geology 24 569 – 589 7 Asia; China; Dabie-Sulu Belt; Eurasia; Far East; cathodoluminescence; dolomite; Raman spectroscopy; retrograde metamorphism; SHRIMP dating; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33747813846&doi=10.1111%2fj.1525-1314.2006.00655.x&partnerID=40&md5=8cb6cdf6b1f8ca3de4c8301159fd08f4 Cited by: 221 Fu Lai Liu A. Gerdes J.G. Liou H.M. Xue F.H. Liang article Su2006575 The only main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project, the deepest scientific drilling project of all the ICDP projects, reached its depth of over 5000 m, from which more than 4400 m cores were collected. Hence the scanned core image database of CCSD project is also the largest of all the databases of ICDP projects. After various samplings, some cores have been completely damaged or disappeared. To make full use of the scanned core images, an MS ACCESS database was developed, on the basis of the original DIS system. More than 8000 images (about 100 gigabyte) have been efficiently and systematically managed and shared on the Internet with some user-friendly query program and interfaces using the ASP and VB techniques. This new information technology, proved by one year trial test, can not only store permanently and efficiently the original image data, but also help geologists to study efficiently the cores for their scientific purpose. 2006 Chinese 10002383 Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences 31 575-577 Key Laboratory for Continental Dynamics of MLR, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China; Beijing Huaxing Corporation for Exploration and New Techniques, Beijing 100035, China 4 Database systems; Image processing; Information technology; Interfaces (computer); Internet; Sampling; Scanning, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling; Data share; Scanned core image; User friendly interface, Drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748944498&partnerID=40&md5=0c83747b0a5794e76aad118c8481e83b cited By 0 D.-C. Su W. Wang A.-P. Sun L.-M. Guo Y.-H. Zhou article Liu20061761 Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircons separated from eclogite lens in impure marble from Shuanghe area, Dabie UHP metamorphic belt, are characterized by inherited (detrital), prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphic overgrowth domains. The inherited (detrital) zircons contain Pl + Ap and Qtz + Pl in the white-luminescent core and the dark-luminescent rim, respectively. Whereas the prograde metamorphic domains (with grey-luminescent CL images) preserve quartz eclogite-facies mineral assemblage of Qtz + Grt + Omp + Phe + Dol + Ap, formed at 588 ∼ 668°C and 1.7 ∼ 1.8CPa. In contrast, the UHP metamorphic domains (with white-luminescent CL images) retain index UHP mineral assemblage of Coe + Grt + Omp + Arg + Mgs + Ap, and record UHP condition of T = 784 ∼ 849°C and P > 5.5GPa. The outmost retrograde rims (with dark-luminescent CL images) however, contain no-UHP minerals such as quartz and calcite, related to the regional amphibolite-facies retrogression with T = 550 ∼ 720°C and P = 0.8 ∼ 1.4GPa. SHRIMP U-Pb dating on these zoned zircons identify four discrete and meaningful age groups: 2701 ∼ 1753Ma (207Pb/206Pb age) is recorded in the inherited (detrital) zircons derived from Archean-Proterozoic protolith, the prograde metamorphism of quartz eclogite-facies in the prograde domains occurred at 249 ∼ 241 Ma (206Pb/238U age), the UHP metamorphic event in the UHP mineral-bearing domains was at 239 ∼ 231Ma (206Pb/238U age), and the late amphibolite-facies retrograde overprint in the outmost rims was restricted at 219 ∼ 211 Ma (206Pb/238U age). Thus, Archean-Proterozoic continental materials of the Dabie UHP terrane were subducted to 55 ∼ 60km depth at Early Triassic and occurred quartz eclogite facies metamorphism simultaneously. Then these quartz eclogite-facies metamorphic rocks continued subduction to 165 ∼ 175km deep mande depth at Middle Triassic and experienced UHP metamorphism; The peak pressures are based on the equilibrium calculation of the reaction dolomite = magnesite + aragonite. This UHP metamorphism recorded a lower geotherm step of 4.7°C km-1 which is within what was previously considered a 'forbidden' condition within earth. Finally these UHP metamorphic rocks were exhumed to mid-crustal levels (about 30km) in the Late Triassic and overprinted regional amphibolite facies metamorphism. The subduction and exhumation rate deduced from the SHRIMP data and metamorphic P-T conditions is 11 ∼ 12km Myr-1 and 7.5 ∼ 8.1km Myr-1, respectively. Fast subduction and rapid exhumation has been considered to be one of the most important factors for the preservation of prograde, UHP and retrograde metamorphic minerals in zircons. Such a fast exhumation suggests that the Dabie UHP metamorphic rocks returned towards the crustal depths as dominant part of a buoyant sliver, caused as a consequence of slab breakoff. Article 2006 Chinese 10000569 Acta Petrologica Sinica 22 Science Press 1761 – 1778 7 Geochronology; Lead; Levees; Luminescence; Marble; Minerals; Quartz; Shellfish; Silicate minerals; Zircon; Dabie UHP terrane; Eclogites; Laser Raman; Mineral inclusions; Shrimp u-pb dating; cathodoluminescence; eclogite; marble; P-T conditions; Raman spectroscopy; retrograde metamorphism; SHRIMP dating; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; zircon; Metamorphic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978010012&partnerID=40&md5=1fe64cac7afbe408c6eef9af306c009e Cited by: 33 Fulai Liu Huaimin Xue Zhiqin Xu FengHua Liang Axel Gerdes article Xiao20064770 The formation of the continental crust (CC) is one of the most important processes in the evolution of the silicate Earth. Exactly how the CC formed is the subject of ongoing debate that focuses on its subchondritic Nb/Ta ratio. Nb and Ta are "geochemical identical twins," so they usually do not fractionate from each other. Here, we show that rutile grains from hydrous rutile-bearing eclogitic layers recovered from drillcores in the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure terrain have highly variable Nb/Ta values (ranging from 5.4 to 29.1, with an average of 9.8 ± 0.6), indicating major fractionation of Nb and Ta most likely occurred during blueschist to amphibole-eclogite transformation in the absence of rutile. It is suggested that the released fluids with subchondritic Nb/Ta were transported to, and retained by, hydrous rutile-bearing eclogite in colder regions, resulting in suprachondritic Nb/Ta ratios for drier eclogite in hotter regions. Further dehydration of hydrous rutile-bearing eclogites cannot transfer the fractionated Nb/Ta values to the CC due to the low solubility of Nb and Ta in fluids in the presence of rutile, while dehydration-melting results in a major component of the CC, the tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) component, which is responsible for the low Nb/Ta of the CC. Consequently, residual eclogites have variable but overall suprachondritic Nb/Ta. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Article 2006 English 00167037 10.1016/j.gca.2006.07.010 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70 4770 – 4782 18 continental crust; dehydration melting; eclogite; fractionation; geochemistry; metamorphism; niobium; rutile; slab; tantalum https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749144917&doi=10.1016%2fj.gca.2006.07.010&partnerID=40&md5=147394ef4ec3120790a726b90f78de41 Cited by: 119 Yilin Xiao Weidong Sun Jochen Hoefs Klaus Simon Zeming Zhang Shuguang Li Albrecht W. Hofmann article WAWRZENITZ2006174 The correlation of deformation fabrics and metamorphic reactions with geochronologic data of UHP metamorphic rocks demonstrate that the multistage subduction and exhumation history of the Central Dabie Complex requires rapid subduction and rapid initial exhumation. Moreover, these data show that volume diffusion is not the major resetting mechanism of radiogenic isotope systems. Thus, our age data do not simply reflect a thermal/cooling history. In the investigated section, the maximum age for UHP is given by the 244±3 Ma (2σ) U–Pb age of a pre-UHP titanite phenocryst that survived UHP metamorphism and subsequent tectonometamorphic events. A minimum age for UHP is set by the 238±1 Ma (2σ) 238U–206Pb mineral isochron age of titanite and cogenetic epidote. These minerals formed from local partial melts during ascent and their age suggests fast exhumation and emplacement in the middle crust. In the period of ca. 238–218 Ma, the UHP terrain records HT metamorphism, local partial melting, and extensive pervasive strain below the eclogite (jd+grt) stability field. Exhumation was polyphase with a first phase of fast exhumation, succeeded by episodes of HT metamorphism and concomitant deformation at deep/mid crustal level between 238 and 218 Ma. Slow exhumation related to the final emplacement of tectonic units along greenschist facies shear zones did not cease before ca. 209–204 Ma. The resetting and homogenization of radiogenic isotope systems were aided by dissolution precipitation creep, which was the dominant deformation mechanism in quartz–feldspar rocks, in combination with fluid influx. 2006 0024-4937 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2005.12.001 Lithos 89 174-201 1 UHP metamorphism, Exhumation, Deformation, U–Pb Rb–Sr Sm–Nd isotope dating, Titanite, Dabie Shan https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024493705002306 Nicole Wawrzenitz Rolf L. Romer Roland Oberhänsli Shuwen Dong article Enkelmann2006651 Apatite fission-track thermochronology data elucidate the cooling/ exhumation history of the Qinling (Qin Mountains), which contain a Paleozoic-Mesozoic orogenic collage north of the Sichuan Basin and northeast of the Tibetan Plateau. In particular, we examine the extent to which the Qinling were affected by the rising plateau. The northern and eastern Qinling show continuous cooling and slow exhumation since the Cretaceous. In contrast, in the southwestern Qinling, rapid cooling initiated at 9-4 Ma, a few million years later than in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. A compilation of major Cenozoic faults in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Qinling, and their kinematic and dynamic characterization, shows that deformation in the Qinling has predominantly been strike slip. Active sinistral and dextral strike-slip faults delineate an area of eastward rock flow and bound the area of rapid late Cenozoic cooling outlined by apatite fission-track thermochronology. These data can be interpreted to indicate that lower crustal flow has been diverted around the Longmen Shan and beneath the southwestern Qinling, causing active plateau uplift in this area. Alternatively, northeastern Tibet may be growing eastward faster in the western Qinling than the entire South China Block is extruding to the east. © 2006 Geological Society of America. Article 2006 English 00167606 10.1130/B25805.1 Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 118 651 – 671 5-6 Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Qinling Mountains; Sichuan Basin; Xizang; Deformation; Dynamics; Geochronology; Kinematics; Seismic prospecting; Structural geology; Cenozoic exhumation; Fission track; Plateau growth; Qinling; Tibet; Cenozoic; deformation; exhumation; fission track dating; lower crust; plateau; structural geology; thermochronology; Geological surveys https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646779177&doi=10.1130%2fB25805.1&partnerID=40&md5=b1b9fe85fd3a5fb7c6c405b4de0fc60c Cited by: 259 Eva Enkelmann Lothar Ratschbacher Raymond Jonckheere Ralf Nestler Manja Fleischer Richard Gloaguen Bradley R. Hacker Yue Qiao Zhang Yin-Sheng Ma article Zhang2006378 The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main drill hole (0-3000 m) in Donghai, southern Sulu orogen, consists of eclogite, paragneiss, orthogneiss, schist and garnet peridotite. Detailed investigations of Raman, cathodoluminescence, and microprobe analyses show that zircons from most eclogites, gneisses and schists have oscillatory zoned magmatic cores with low-pressure mineral inclusions of Qtz, Pl, Kf and Ap, and a metamorphic rim with relatively uniform luminescence and eclogite-facies mineral inclusions of Grt, Omp, Phn, Coe and Rt. The chemical compositions of the UHP metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon are similar to those from the matrix of the host rocks. Similar UHP metamorphic P-T conditions of about 770 °C and 32 kbar were estimated from coexisting minerals in zircon and in the matrix. These observations suggest that all investigated lithologies experienced a joint in situ UHP metamorphism during continental deep subduction. In rare cases, magmatic cores of zircon contain coesite and omphacite inclusions and show patchy and irregular luminescence, implying that the cores have been largely altered possibly by fluid-mineral interaction during UHP metamorphism. Abundant H2O-CO2, H2O- or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions with low to medium salinities occur isolated or clustered in the magmatic cores of some zircons, coexisting with low-P mineral inclusions. These fluid inclusions should have been trapped during magmatic crystallization and thus as primary. Only few H2O- and/or CO2-dominated fluid inclusions were found to occur together with UHP mineral inclusions in zircons of metamorphic origin, indicating that UHP metamorphism occurred under relatively dry conditions. The diversity in fluid inclusion populations in UHP rocks from different depths suggests a closed fluid system, without large-scale fluid migration during subduction and exhumation. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2006 English 00244937 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.04.003 Lithos 92 378 – 398 3-4 Asia; China; Donghai; Eurasia; Far East; Jiangsu; cathodoluminescence; chemical composition; electron probe analysis; exhumation; fluid inclusion; lithology; magmatic differentiation; mineralization; P-T conditions; Raman spectroscopy; subduction; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748638939&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2006.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=fab03f887a0a7dff9545518d9f3d9507 Cited by: 78 Zeming Zhang Kun Shen Yilin Xiao Jochen Hoefs J.G. Liou article Zhang20053213 Microbial communities in ultra-high-pressure (UHP) rocks and drilling fluids from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project were characterized. The rocks had a porosity of 1 to 3.5% and a permeability of ∼0.5 mDarcy. Abundant fluid and gas inclusions were present in the minerals. The rocks contained significant amounts of Fe2O3, FeO, P2O5, and nitrate (3 to 16 ppm). Acridine orange direct counting and phospholipid fatty acid analysis indicated that the total counts in the rocks and the fluids were 5.2 × 103 to 2.4 × 10 4 cells/g and 3.5 x 108 to 4.2 × 109 cells/g, respectively. Enrichment assays resulted in successful growth of thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria from the fluids, and some of these bacteria reduced Fe(III) to magnetite. 16S rRNA gene analyses indicated that the rocks were dominated by sequences similar to sequences of Proteobacteria and that most organisms were related to nitrate reducers from a saline, alkaline, cold habitat; however, some phylotypes were either members of a novel lineage or closely related to uncultured clones. The bacterial communities in the fluids were more diverse and included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, gram-positive bacteria, Planctomycetes, and Candidatus taxa. The archaeal diversity was lower, and most sequences were not related to any known cultivated species. Some archaeal sequences were 90 to 95% similar to sequences recovered from ocean sediments or other subsurface environments. Some archaeal sequences from the drilling fluids were >93% similar to sequences of Sulfolobus solfataricus, and the thermophilic nature was consistent with the in situ temperature. We inferred that the microbes in the UHP rocks reside in fluid and gas inclusions, whereas those in the drilling fluids may be derived from subsurface fluids. Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Article 2005 English 00992240 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3213-3227.2005 Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 3213 – 3227 6 Atmospheric Pressure; Bacteria; China; Crenarchaeota; Culture Media; DNA, Archaeal; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Ecosystem; Geologic Sediments; Geology; Minerals; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Asia; China; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; World; Archaea; Bacteroidetes; Candidatus; Planctomycetes; Posibacteria; Proteobacteria; Sulfolobus solfataricus; Bacteria; Bioassay; Drilling; Fatty acids; High pressure effects; Iron; Magnetite; Phosphorus compounds; Porosity; RNA; Rocks; ferric ion; magnetite; nitrate; RNA 16S; sodium chloride; microbial community; alkalinity; article; bacterial flora; bacterial gene; Bacteriodetes; bacterium; Candidatus; China; controlled study; drill; gene sequence; geographic distribution; Gram positive bacterium; microbial diversity; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; Planctomycetes; Proteobacteria; rock; Sulfolobus solfataricus; thermophilic bacterium; unindexed sequence; Gas inclusion; Microbial diversity; Prototypes; Ultra-high-pressure (UHP) rocks; Biodiversity https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444426140&doi=10.1128%2fAEM.71.6.3213-3227.2005&partnerID=40&md5=70292c0307b8b1db3bfb045c00786194 Cited by: 65; All Open Access, Green Open Access Gengxin Zhang Hailiang Dong Zhiqin Xu Donggao Zhao Chuanlun Zhang article Zhang2005857 The Qinglongshan O- and H-isotope anomaly occurs within a coesite-bearing, eclogite-facies regional metamorphic belt in Eastern China near Donghai in Jiangsu province. The anomaly is defined by low values of δ18O and δD. Garnets from eclogite have δ18O as low as -11‰ and rutiles are -15‰ (VSMOW). Phengites have δD of -120‰ (VSMOW). The anomaly is Neoproterozoic in age. Surface outcrops of coesite-eclogite-facies rocks with unusually low δ18O and δD values extend over an area of at least 1600 km2. The Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling project has made it possible to investigate the depth of the Qinglongshan anomaly and to measure an O-isotope profile across a garnet peridotite body sandwiched between crustal rocks. New O-isotope analyses of minerals separated from drill core gneisses, eclogites, amphibolite, and quartzite verify that the Qinglongshan O-isotope anomaly extends to a depth of at least 432 m. Crustal rocks with unusually low δ18O form both the hanging- and foot-walls of a 100 m thick, fault-bounded, garnet peridotite body intersected by the drill. Minerals of the garnet peridotite body have δ18O values indistinguishable from mantle nodules and megacrysts. The garnet peridotites may have originated from enriched mantle sources in sub-cratonic lithosphere, isolated from mantle convection. This origin is consistent with the collision of the Archean Sino-Korean craton with the Yangtze plate, consequent subduction, and UHP metamorphism. The garnet peridotite was transported from the mantle and emplaced into UHP crustal rocks during Triassic subduction and cratonic collision. Article 2005 English 0003004X 10.2138/am.2005.1650 American Mineralogist 90 Mineralogical Society of America 857 – 863 5-6 Asia; China; Donghai; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; Jiangsu; World; Drills; Exploratory geochemistry; Garnets; Infill drilling; Isotopes; Metamorphic rocks; Oxide minerals; Oxygen; Silica; Structural geology; Coesite-eclogite; Continental scientific drillings; Garnet peridotite; Isotope anomalies; Jiangsu province; Mantle convection; Metamorphic belts; Sino-Korean craton; Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project; collision zone; metamorphic rock; oxygen isotope; Core drilling https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444449621&doi=10.2138%2fam.2005.1650&partnerID=40&md5=906b7b27de85037a145686e5c722c411 Cited by: 40 Ze M. Zhang D. Rumble J.G. Liou Yi L. Xiao Yong J. Gao article Zhang2005189 Five kinds of UHP metamorphic rocks, including eclogite, orthogneiss, paragneiss, schist and quartzite are exposed in the Qinglongshan roadcut, southern Sulu orogenic belt of eastern central China. They comprise metamorphic supracrustal rocks with bimodal volcanic characteristics and continental affinity, and granitic intrusive associations. The preservation of coesite inclusions and/or its pseudomorphs in eclogite and other rocks indicate that they have been subjected to in-situ UHP metamorphism. Four stages of metamorphism were recognized by combining petrographic observations and compositions of minerals from various UHP rocks. Prograde epidote-amphibolite facies, UHP coesite-eclogite facies, post UHP quartz-eclogite facies, and retrograde amphibolite facies assemblages delineate an inferred P-T path with a clockwise trajectory and a retrograde event characterized by the coupling of decompression with a temperature decrease. Garnet porphyroblasts in UHP eclogites display a complex growth zoning and mineral distribution, and record a crucial segment of the prograde and retrograde metamorphic evolution. The preservation of growth zoning in eclogitic and gneissic garnets suggests that the UHP rocks had a short residence time before retrograde metamorphism and a very high uplift rate in order to preserve the prograde growth zoning. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2005 English 00244937 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.10.002 Lithos 81 189 – 207 1-4 Asia; China; Donghai; Eastern Hemisphere; Eurasia; Far East; Jiangsu; Sulu Belt; World; metamorphism; petrogenesis; petrology; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15844365132&doi=10.1016%2fj.lithos.2004.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=098f6bb4c481c7bc42e1996dba91561e Cited by: 82 Zeming Zhang Yilin Xiao Fulai Liu J.G. Liou Jochen Hoefs article LIU2004411 Orthogneisses are the major country rocks hosting eclogites in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. All of the analyzed orthogneiss cores from the main drilling hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD-MH) have similar major and trace element compositions and a granite protolith. These rocks have relatively high LREE/HREE ratios, strong negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.20–0.39), and negative Ba anomalies (Ba/Ba*=0.25–0.64). Coesite and coesite-bearing UHP mineral assemblages are common inclusions in zircons separated from orthogneiss, paragneiss, amphibolite, and (retrograded) eclogite of the CCSD-MH. This suggests that the eclogite, together with its country rocks, experienced in situ ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism. Laser Raman spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that zircons from the orthogneisses are zoned and that they have distinct mineral inclusions in the different zones. Most zircons retain early magmatic cores with abundant low-pressure mineral inclusions, which are mantled with metamorphic zircon-containing inclusions of coesite and other UHP minerals. The outermost rims on these grains contain low-pressure mineral inclusions, such as quartz and albite. SHRIMP U–Pb dating of the zoned zircons gives three discrete and meaningful groups of ages: Proterozoic ages for the protolith, 227±2 Ma for the coesite-bearing mantles, and 209±3 Ma for the amphibolite facies retrograde rims. The widespread occurrence of UHP mineral inclusions in zircons from the Sulu metamorphic belt dated at about 227 Ma suggests that voluminous continental crust experienced late Triassic subduction to depths of at least 120 km and perhaps more than 200 km. Eighteen million years later, the terrane was rapidly exhumed to midcrustal levels, and the UHP rocks were overprinted by amphibolite facies metamorphism. The exhumation rate deduced from the zircon age data and previously obtained metamorphic P–T data is estimated to be 5.6–11.0 km/Ma. Such rapid exhumation of the Sulu UHP terrane may be due to the buoyancy forces produced by subduction of low-density continental material into the deep mantle. 2004 0024-4937 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2004.08.001 Lithos 78 411-429 4 Orthogneiss, Mineral inclusion in zircon, UHP metamorphism, SHRIMP U–Pb dating, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024493704002452 Fulai Liu Zhiqin Xu Huaimin Xue article Ji200349 Ultra high-pressure (UHP) eclogites from Sulu region (China) represent mafic components of the continental crust, which were first subducted to mantle depths greater than 100 km and then exhumed to the earth's surface. Detailed investigation of microstructures, chemical compositions, petrofabrics and seismic properties of the UHP eclogites can provide important information on the operating deformation mechanisms and rheology of subducted continental crust and on the origin of seismic reflections within the upper mantle. We present here results from field, optical and TEM observations, electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements and numerical computations of the seismic properties of UHP eclogites collected from fresh surface outcrops at the drill site (Maobei, Donghai County, Jiangsu Province) of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD). Two types of eclogites have been distinguished: Type-1 (coarse-grained) eclogites deformed by recovery-accommodated dislocation creep at the peak metamorphic conditions, and Type-2 (fine-grained) eclogites which are composed of reworked Type-1 materials during recrystallization-accommodated dislocation creep in shear zones which were active during the exhumation of the UHP metamorphic rocks. Both garnet and omphacite in these eclogites deformed plastically and the flow strength contrast between these two constituent minerals is apparently much less than an order of magnitude under the UHP metamorphic conditions. Plasticity of eclogites under UHP conditions can effectively facilitate channeled flow along the interplate shear zone. The preservation of the relict crustal materials within the continental lithosphere may produce regionally extensive, strong, seismic reflections in the upper mantle. This may explain the origin of mantle reflections observed in many areas of the world. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2003 English 00401951 10.1016/S0040-1951(03)00177-X Tectonophysics 370 Elsevier B.V. 49 – 76 1-4 China; Sulu Belt; eclogite; mantle; microstructure; petrofabric; rheology; seismic reflection; subduction https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042973865&doi=10.1016%2fS0040-1951%2803%2900177-X&partnerID=40&md5=d007e919fe2ba64e1edc8bd7744ef534 Cited by: 94 Shaocheng Ji Kazuko Saruwatari David Mainprice Richard Wirth Zhiqin Xu Bin Xia article Shuwen200284 A recent study reveals that metamorphic volcanic and sedimentary rocks have survived deep subduction of continental crust in the Dabie Mountains, central China. These low-grade (LG) rocks are intercalated within the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic terrane and well preserve primary volcanic breccia structure and sedimentary bedding. The presence of coherent field relations between LG and UHP rocks suggests that LG rocks are not of exotic origin and therefore suffered from UHP metamorphism. They, however, did not record the UHP event likely due to slow reaction kinetics, and only experienced epidote-amphibolite to greenschist facies metamorphism and deformation at the retrograde stage of UHP rocks. The protolith age of c. 790 Ma and metamorphic age of 232.2 Ma obtained from LG rocks, which agree well with those from UHP rocks, also suggest that both LG and UHP rocks shared the same evolutionary history since Late-Proterozoic. Except for the lack of deformation and fluid during UHP metamorphism, the rapid subduction, short stay at mantle depths and rapid exhumation are necessary for the preservation of primary assemblage and fabric in LG rocks within deeply subducted continental crust. Article 2002 English 07053797 10.18814/epiiugs/2002/v25i2/003 Episodes 25 International Union of Geological Sciences 84 – 89 2 China; Dabie Shan; continental crust; metamorphic facies; metamorphic rock; subduction https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036628409&doi=10.18814%2fepiiugs%2f2002%2fv25i2%2f003&partnerID=40&md5=d520fca10b3d262b680de272903de229 Cited by: 20; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Dong Shuwen R. Oberhänsli R. Schmid Liu Xiaochun Tang Jiafu XUE Huaimin article Oberhänsli2002699 Delicate primary volcanic features such as ash layers, volcaniclastic breccias, and pillow lavas with amygdaloidal rims have been identified in a terrigenous volcanosedimentary sequence forming part of the ultrahigh-pressure unit of the Dabie Shan, China. The presence of coesite relies in crosscutting dikes confirms an ultrahigh-pressure evolution for the entire sequence. Evaluation of the probable reaction history for zeolite compositions as supposed for the amygdaloidal rims reveals a scarcity of reactions at very high pressures. Such special conditions of low reactivity and fluid- conserving reactions, combined with a lack of directed stress, have allowed the remarkable preservation of these primary volcanic features despite deep subduction. Article 2002 English 00917613 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0699:POPVTI>2.0.CO;2 Geology 30 699 – 702 8 China; High pressure effects; Levees; Zeolites; Pillow lava; pillow lava; preservation; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; volcanic feature; volcaniclastic deposit; Volcanoes https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036694242&doi=10.1130%2f0091-7613%282002%29030%3c0699%3aPOPVTI%3e2.0.CO%3b2&partnerID=40&md5=c12c262f3027699163e3d7af15672fe9 Cited by: 41 R. Oberhänsli G. Martinotti R. Schmid X. Liu article Webb2001231 The Hong'an region offers an unique opportunity to investigate the tectonics of the continental collision event preserved in high-pressure (P) and ultrahigh-P metamorphic rocks in the Qinling-Dabie orogen of eastern China. Here, the extensive Cretaceous tectonic and thermal overprint observed in the Dabie Shan is weak. Normal-sense shear along the north-dipping Huwan detachment zone at the northern edge of the Hong'an block occurred ca. 235 Ma. This detachment facilitated the bulk of the exhumation of the high- and ultrahigh-P rocks as a penetratively deformed slab. The high- and ultrahigh-P rocks are exposed in a warped extensional footwall within which kinematic indicators in the high- and ultrahigh-P units show approximately top-to-north shear. Deformation was accompanied by retrograde metamorphism at amphibolite to greenschist facies conditions. Locally, younger northeast-southwest subhorizontal extension is recorded in ductile to brittle fabrics and the timing of deformation is defined by white mica recrystallization ca. 195 Ma. An Early Cretaceous dextral shear zone along the southwest boundary of the Tongbai Shan was synchronous with plutonism and normal to sinistral-oblique slip along the Xiaotian-Mozitang fault, which forms the northern boundary of the Dabie Shan. Coeval dextral and sinistral shear zones along the southwestern and northern margins of these blocks would have caused eastward lateral extrusion of the Tongbai, Hong'an, and Dabie Shan, perhaps driven by collision of the Lhasa block with Eurasia. Article 2001 English 00721069 10.1130/0-8137-1194-0.231 Memoir of the Geological Society of America 194 Geological Society of America 231 – 245 China; Eurasia; Tongbai Mountains; Deformation; Kinematics; Mica; Tectonics; Continental collisions; Early Cretaceous; High pressure; Kinematic indicators; Lateral extrusion; Qinling-Dabie orogen; Sinistral shear; Ultrahigh pressure rocks; collision; Cretaceous; detachment fold; fault zone; metamorphic rock; phosphate rock; recrystallization; tectonics; Metamorphic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871183587&doi=10.1130%2f0-8137-1194-0.231&partnerID=40&md5=3a05a95d25d5e43c73893ec85788d258 Cited by: 36 Laura E. Webb Lothar Ratschbacher Bradley R. Hacker Shuwen Dong article Liu2001199 The pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PPI, Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (CCSD), with depth of 432 m, is located in the Donghai area in the southwestern Sulu terrane. The core samples are mainly comprised of paragneiss, orthogneiss and ultramafic rock with minor intercalated layers of eclogite and phengite-bearing kyanite quartzite. All analyzed paragneiss and orthogneiss samples were overprinted on amphibolite facies retrograde metamorphism. Coesite and coesite-bearing ultrahighpressure (UHP) mineral assemblages were identified by Raman spectroscopy and electron microprobe analysis as inclusions in zircons separated from paragneiss, eclogite and phengite-bearing kyanite quatzite samples. In the paragneiss samples, UHP mineral inclusion assemblages mainly consist of Coe + Omp+ Grt+ Phe, Coe + Jd + Phe + Ap preserved in the mantles (M) and rims (R) of zircons. These UHP mineral inclusion assemblages yield temperatures of 814-852 °C and pressures of ≥28 kbar, presenting the P-T condition of UHP peak metamorphism of these country rocks. According to the mineral inclusions and cathodoluminescence images of zircons, the orthogneisses can be divided into two types: UHP (OGI) and non-UHP (OG2). In OGI orthogneisses, low-pressure mineral inclusion assemblage, mainly consisting of Qtz + Phe +Ab +Ksp + Ap, were identified in zircon cores (C), while coesite or coesite-bearing UHP mineral inclusions were identified in the mantles (M) and rims (R) of the same zircons. These features suggest that the OG1 orthogneisses, together with the paragneisses, phengitebearing kyanite quartzite and eclogite experienced widespread UHP metamorphism in the Sulu terrane. However, in the zircons of OG2 orthogneiss samples, no UHP mineral inclusions were found. Inclusions mainly comprised Qtz + Phe + Ap and were identified in cores (C), mantles (M) and rims (R) of OG2 zircons; the cathdoluminescence images of all analyzed zircons showed clear zonings from cores to rims. These features indicate that the OG2 orthogneisses in pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP1 did not experience UHP metamorphism. Therefore, we should not rule out the possibility that some orthogneisses in Sulu terrane might represent relatively low-pressure granitic intrusives emplaced after the UHP event. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2001 English 00244937 10.1016/S0024-4937(01)00064-0 Lithos 59 199 – 215 4 China; drilling; mineralogy; orthogneiss; paragenesis; zircon https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035664263&doi=10.1016%2fS0024-4937%2801%2900064-0&partnerID=40&md5=ad7691f3b4ed0edf48ed53189e930869 Cited by: 191 Fulai Liu Zhiqin Xu Ikuo Katayama Jingsui Yang Shigenori Maruyama J.G. Liou article Franz2001322 Metabasites in the high-pressure unit of the southern Dabie Shan (eastern China) contain quartz veins with high-pressure mineral assemblages. Two veins with the parageneses quartz-paragonite-ankerite-rutile and quartz-kyanite-talc-zoisite-rutile-calcite (pseudomorph after aragonite) as well as quartz-kyanite-paragonite- garnet-omphacite were investigated in detail. Host rocks of these veins are garnet amphibolites with eclogitic relics and quartz eclogites, respectively. The oldest phase of deformation (DI) is recorded in the eclogite, which displays a schistosity with shape alignment of high-pressure minerals such as omphacite, phengite and garnet. An estimate of the metamorphic P-T conditions yields 19-21 kbar at 570-620 °C for the eclogites. Fluid inclusion studies reveal a primary, low-salinity aqueous fluid phase responsible for the formation of the quartz veins. This is in correspondence with calculations of phase equilibrium curves on minerals of the vein paragenesis, which yield P-T conditions of 19.4 kbar and 591 °C in the presence of an aqueous fluid phase. Geochronology using the U-Pb system of rutile gives evidence for a Triassic minimum age of 207-221 Ma for the vein formation, which fits in the geotectonic framework of the orogen. This rather wide age range arises from the heterogeneous nature of the initial lead isotopic composition, reflecting the heterogeneous sources of the lead and the fluid phase. Part of the fluid was probably generated by prograde dehydration reactions in the country rocks of the veins, whereas strong evidence is also given for the derivation from an older basement, which also underwent subduction. The veins may have formed by extensive hydraulic fracturing or by volume reduction during eclogitisation of the crust. Subsequent to the formation of the veins, great parts of the high-pressure rocks experienced an intensive, syn-tectonic (D2) amphibolite facies metamorphism at 8.5-10.5 kbar and 590-645 °C, indicating isothermal decompression during exhumation. In the course of this exhumation, pseudosecondary CO2 inclusions were trapped in quartz of the veins. The last recorded stage of the retrograde overprint took place under static, greenschist facies conditions (450-480 °C) in the stability field of kyanite. The shape of the metamorphic P-T path for this stage is reflected by the fluid phase, which either re-equilibrated during this event or penetrated the rock on fractures. These findings show that fluid flow during subduction-related high-pressure metamorphism and subsequent uplift is rather complex; the fluid phase may originate from different sources and may interact with country rocks in the form of a chromatographic column transforming mineral assemblages, and also changing its own character. Article 2001 English 00107999 10.1007/s004100000233 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 141 322 – 346 3 China; deformation; eclogite; exhumation; fluid flow; metamorphism; P-T conditions; P-T-t path https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034959385&doi=10.1007%2fs004100000233&partnerID=40&md5=e48d3e46464ccf8b475e5f954f56ecb1 Cited by: 163 Leander Franz Rolf L. Romer Reiner Klemd Robert Schmid Roland Oberhänsli Thomas Wagner Dong Shuwen article Xiao20013 A combined study of major and trace elements, fluid inclusions and oxygen isotopes has been carried out on garnet pyroxenite from the Raobazhai complex in the North Dabie Terrane (NDT). Well-preserved compositional zoning with Na decreasing and Ca and Mg increasing from the core to rim of pyroxene in the garnet pyroxenite indicates eclogite facies metamorphism at the peak metamorphic stage and subsequent granulite facies metamorphism during uplift. A P-T path with substantial heating (from c. 750 to 900 °C) after the maximum pressure reveals a different uplift history compared with most other eclogites in the South Dabie Terrane (SDT). Fluid inclusion data can be correlated with the metamorphic grade: The fluid regime during the peak metamorphism (eclogite facies) was dominated by N2-bearing NaCl-rich solutions, whereas it changed into CO2-dominated fluids during the granulite facies retrograde metamorphism. At a late retrograde metamorphic stage, probably after amphibolite facies metamorphism, some external low-salinity fluids were involved. In situ UV-laser oxygen isotope analysis was undertaken on a 7 mm garnet, and impure pyroxene, amphibole and plagioclase. The nearly homogenous oxygen isotopic composition (δ18OVSMOW=c. 6.7‰) in the garnet porphyroblast indicates closed fluid system conditions during garnet growth. However, isotopic fractionations between retrograde phases (amphibole and plagioclase) and garnet show an oxygen isotopic disequilibrium, indicating retrograde fluid-rock interactions. Unusual MORB-like rare earth element (REE) patterns for whole rock of the garnet pyroxenite contrast with most ultra-high-pressure (UHP) eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu area. However, the age-corrected initial εNd(t) is - 2.9, which indicates that the protolith of the garnet pyroxenite was derived from an enriched mantle rather than from a MORB source. Combined with the present data of oxygen isotopic compositions and the characteristics N2 content in the fluid inclusions, we suggest that the protolith of the garnet pyroxenite from Raobazhai formed in an enriched mantle fragment, which has been exposed to the surface prior to the Triassic metamorphism. Article 2001 English 02634929 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2001.00290.x Journal of Metamorphic Geology 19 3 – 19 1 China; eclogite; geochemistry; granulite; metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035070204&doi=10.1046%2fj.1525-1314.2001.00290.x&partnerID=40&md5=12c2e305335003411b2d4fd3f11352ee Cited by: 83 Y.L. Xiao J. Hoefs A.M. Van Den Kerkhof S.G. Li article Schmid2001347 A 20-km-long seismic line characterises the crustal reflection pattern of the easternmost Dabie Shan, the archetypal ultra-high-pressure (UHP) orogen of eastern China. The weak- to non-reflective upper crust (5 s two-way travel time (TWT); ∼ 15 km depth) is interpreted to comprise UHP rocks thrust over lithologically similar but non-UHP crust. The tectonic contact, although not imaged as a distinct reflector, is probably outlined by the rather abrupt change to diffuse but strong reflectivity within the mid to lower crust. Thus, the seismic pattern of the upper crust implies that mafic, oceanic crust does not constitute a significant proportion. The middle to lower crust (5-10 s TWT; ∼15-33 km depth) probably represents cratonal Yangtze basement, unaffected by the UHP metamorphism. The prominent lowermost reflectors (10-12 s TWT; ∼33-40 km depth) are interpreted to trace the Moho, excluding the presence of a crustal root inherited from the UHP orogeny. A tomographic P-wave velocity model for the uppermost crust (<700 m) traces shallowly W-dipping sedimentary rocks east and UHP gneisses west of the Cenozoic Tan Lu fault which is imaged to dip steeply eastward. The UHP rocks exhibit little lateral and vertical velocity variations (<10%), reflecting grossly homogeneous, gneissic lithology. Hundred-metre-scale velocity variations, however, may trace distinct large-scale structures, e.g. folds, known from outcrops and maps. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Article 2001 English 00401951 10.1016/S0040-1951(01)00023-3 Tectonophysics 333 347 – 359 3-4 China; crustal structure; deep seismic sounding; seismic tomography; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035014991&doi=10.1016%2fS0040-1951%2801%2900023-3&partnerID=40&md5=6eb6b8fa8ec91f4ffa00f81d210167e2 Cited by: 44 R. Schmid T. Ryberg L. Ratschbacher A. Schulze L. Franz R. Oberhänsli S. Dong article Xiao20001 The coesite-bearing eclogites and associated ultramafic rocks of Bixiling form the largest metamorphic complex in the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt. They mainly consist of 'fresh' eclogite, kyanite-rich eclogite, retrograded eclogite and garnet peridotite. Fluid inclusion and oxygen isotope studies have been carried out on the different types of eclogite and peridotite in order to identify the role of fluids during the metamorphic evolution culminating in UHP metamorphism. Five types of fluid inclusions were distinguished based on textural criteria and fluid compositions: (1) primary Ca-rich brines in quartz blebs in kyanite; (2) primary NaCl-dominated high-salinity inclusions in omphacite and kyanite; (3) primary NaCl-dominated medium- to high-salinity inclusions in matrix quartz; (4) carbonic inclusions in omphacite and matrix quartz; (5) secondary low-salinity aqueous (or pure water) inclusions in matrix quartz. The Ca-rich fluid inclusions in quartz blebs in kyanite represent the earliest recognizable fluids (prograde metamorphism) as they largely escaped late re-equilibration. Fluid inclusions in omphacite and kyanite may have been trapped during peak metamorphic conditions, whereas low-salinity aqueous inclusions in matrix quartz were trapped during the latest stage of uplift. UV-laser oxygen isotope measurements show that garnet and clinopyroxene from the 'fresh' eclogite, kyanite-rich eclogite and garnet peridotite have narrow δ18O values ranging from 3.0 to 3.9‰. In contrast, garnet and omphacite in retrograded eclogite have δ18O values of -1.8 to -1.2 and of -1.1 to -0.6‰, respectively. The difference in oxygen isotope composition is interpreted to result from partial oxygen isotope exchange between the UHP complex and retrograde fluids during late exhumation. Fluids derived from the surrounding gneiss were probably responsible for the low-salinity solutions found in secondary fluid inclusions and the lowering of the δ18O values of the retrograded eclogite. Article 2000 English 00107999 10.1007/s004100050570 Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139 Springer Verlag 1 – 16 1 Bixiling; China; Dabie Shan; coesite; eclogite; fluid composition; fluid inclusion; isotopic composition; oxygen; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033846390&doi=10.1007%2fs004100050570&partnerID=40&md5=61367e886f699c5d1b2214f1339bdffa Cited by: 164 Yilin Xiao Jochen Hoefs Alfons M. Van Den Kerkhof Jens Fiebig Yongfei Zheng article Schmid2000185 A suite of coesite-eclogites and associated calc-silicate rocks from the ultra-high-pressure (UHP) belt in the Dabie Shan (eastern China) was investigated petrologically. Field relations and the presence of UHP minerals such as coesite, omphacite and high-Si phengite in the eclogites and the enclosing calc-silicates testify to a common metamorphic evolution for these two lithologies. Except for one sample, all bear phengite with unusually high silica contents (Si up to 3.7 per formula unit). Phengite occupies various textural positions indicating that different metamorphic stages are reflected by these white micas, which correlate with distinct mineral zonation patterns. Using the latest thermobarometric calibrations for eclogite-facies rocks, maximum pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of 40-48 kbar at < 750°C were estimated for the peak-metamorphic mineral assemblages. These P-T conditions were calculated for both eclogitic garnet porphyroblasts with diffusion-controlled zoning as well as garnet porphyroblasts with prograde growth zonation patterns. Most samples were affected by a strong retrograde overprint mainly under eclogite- and amphibolite-facies conditions. Thermobarometry using mineral sets from different textural positions reveals cooling and decompression of the UHP rocks down to < 20 kbar at < 600°C for the bulk of the samples. Decompression and heating indicated by a few samples is interpreted to result from mineral chemical disequilibrium or late thermal influence. These new data show that subduction of continental crust in the Dabie Shan was deeper than previously thought, and also that some cooling and decompression took place at upper-mantle depths. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Article 2000 English 00721050 10.1002/gj.863 Geological Journal 35 John Wiley and Sons Ltd 185 – 207 3-4 China; Dabie Shan; eclogite; metamorphism; P-T conditions; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034450350&doi=10.1002%2fgj.863&partnerID=40&md5=c0799a09bb4fbd53ef24c8013461bd32 Cited by: 50 Robert Schmid Leander Franz Roland Oberhnsli Shuwen Dong article Schmid1999266 During the Triassic collision of the Yangtze and Sino-Korean cratons, the leading edge of the Yangtze crust subducted to mantle depths and was subsequently exhumed as a penetratively deformed, coherent slab capped by a normla shear zone. This geometry requires a reverse shear zone at the base of the slab, and we suggest that the Yangtze foreland fold-and-thrust belt constitutes this zone. Lower Triassic rocks of the eastern foreland record NW-SE compression as the oldest compressional stress field; onset of related deformation is indicated by Middle Triassic clastic sedimentation. Subsequent Jurassic stress fields show a clockwise change of compression directions. Based on nearly coeval onset and termination of deformation, and on a common clockwise change in the principal strain/stress directions, we propose that the foreland deformation was controlled by the extrusion of the ultra high-pressure slab. Widespread Cretaceous-Cenozoic reactivation occurred under regional extension to transtension, which characteristically shows a large-scale clockwise change of the principal extension directions during the Lower Cretaceous. Article 1999 English 09544879 10.1046/j.1365-3121.1999.00254.x Terra Nova 11 Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 266 – 272 6 China; Dabie Shan; collision zone; crustal deformation; exhumation; fold and thrust belt; foreland basin; subduction; Triassic https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033303257&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3121.1999.00254.x&partnerID=40&md5=2e95eb166599040245f8679a94db07a6 Cited by: 57 J.C. Schmid L. Ratschbacher B.R. Hacker I. Gaitzsch S. Dong article KERN1999191 The Dabie–Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt of Central China represents a zone in which upper and lower continental crust has been subducted and then rapidly exhumed from the mantle back into the crust. About 30 UHP rock samples representing major lithologies were collected from surface exposures and their physical properties were measured in the laboratory at pressures up to 600 MPa (room temperature) and temperatures up to 600°C (600 MPa confining pressure). The experimentally determined data include compressional (Vp) and shear wave velocities (Vs), velocity anisotropy (shear wave splitting), density, and intrinsic pressure and temperature derivatives of Vp and Vs. Using a regional geotherm, velocity–depth profiles were calculated for the different lithologies spanning compositions from felsic through intermediate to mafic, and metamorphic grades up to granulite and eclogite facies. The velocity data, in particular the Poisson ratio (Vp/Vs ratio), were used to interpret lithologically the seismic models evaluated from seismic refraction data. The seismic velocity profiles reveal a four-layer structure (upper, middle, upper-lower and lowermost crust) with an average thickness of 34 km. From our results, we infer that a mixture of about 90% felsic gneiss with variable amounts of high Vp amphibolite/gabbro constitute the middle crust. Intermediate granulite and mafic granulite fit both the Vp and Poisson ratio of the upper-lower and lowermost crust, respectively. From the combined Vp and Poisson ratio (Vp/Vs) data, we conclude that eclogite is not a major constituent of the present Dabie deep crust. Combining the laboratory-derived in-situ seismic data (Vp and Poisson ratio) with refraction seismic data, along with evidence from geological and geochemical investigations, suggests that lower crustal delamination played an important role in the modification of the East China crust. 1999 0040-1951 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00268-6 Tectonophysics 301 191-215 3 UHP rocks, seismic properties (V and V), densities, crustal lithology, delamination https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040195198002686 Hartmut Kern Shan Gao Zhengmin Jin Till Popp Shuyan Jin article Webb1999621 The Hong'an block is the best place to study the exhumation of high-pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Qinling-Dabie orogen of eastern China because it lacks the extensive Cretaceous tectonic and thermal overprint observed in the Dabie Shan. We measured timing of deformation and rate of cooling of the HP-UHP rocks by 40Ar/39Ar analyses of synkinematic minerals from tectonites of key structural zones in the Hong'an and Tongbai Shan. Normal-sense shear along the north dipping Huwan detachment at the northern edge of the Hong'an block occurred between 237 and 231 Ma; this detachment facilitated the bulk of the exhumation of the HP-UHP rocks. Our new 40Ar/39Ar ages, combined with U/Pb zircon and Sm/Nd ages of 245-240 Ma, suggest that exhumation of UHP rocks from mantle depths occurred at rates of 5-25 mm/yr from ~245 to 230 Ma. The mountain range is a warped extensional footwall, within which white mica cooled from 225 to 205 Ma. Locally, younger extension is recorded by white mica recrystallization at 198-194 Ma, after which the entire block had cooled to below 300 °C. Early Cretaceous 40Ar/39Ar ages from the Tongbai shear zone indicate that dextral shear along the southwest boundary of the orogen was contemporaneous with normal to sinistral-oblique slip along the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault along the northern boundary. Coeval dextral and sinistral shear zones along the northern and southwestern margins of the Hong'an and Dabie Shan would have caused eastward lateral extrusion of these two blocks, perhaps driven by collision of the Lhasa block with Eurasia. Article 1999 English 02787407 10.1029/1999TC900012 Tectonics 18 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 621 – 638 4 China; Qinling-Dabie Orogen; Deformation; Geochronology; Mica; Rocks; Silicate minerals; Early Cretaceous; Lateral extrusion; Mountain ranges; Qinling-Dabie orogen; Rate of cooling; Sinistral shear; Ultra-high-pressure metamorphic rocks; Ultrahigh pressure rocks; cooling; deformation; petrology; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism; Metamorphic rocks https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033434105&doi=10.1029%2f1999TC900012&partnerID=40&md5=1ddb3c21da23131fddcc7d5b92c5d96e Cited by: 202; All Open Access, Green Open Access Laura E. Webb Bradley R. Hacker Lothar Ratschbacher Michael O. McWilliams Shuwen Dong article Hacker1998215 New SHRIMP and TIMS zircon ages, 40Ar/39Ar ages, and eclogite locations contribute significantly to our understanding of the ultrahigh-pressure Dabie Shan. (1) The geographic extent of the Yangtze craton that was subducted to ultrahigh pressure extends to the northern edge of the Dabie Shan. (2) The northern half of the Dabie Shan is a magmatic complex, intruded over a 10-Myr interval between 137 and 126 Ma, that accomodated ~100% N-S- stretching of the pre-existing collisional architecture. (3) Granitic orthogneisses and enclosing ultrahigh-pressure paragneisses have indistinguishable zircon populations. The population of Triassic zircon ages ranges from ~219 to ~245 Ma, leading us to question the prevailing assumption that 219 Ma zircons formed at ultrahigh pressure, and to propose instead that they reflect late retrogression at crustal pressures following the bulk of exhumation. Article 1998 English 0012821X 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00152-6 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 161 Elsevier 215 – 230 1-4 China; geochronology; Triassic; ultrahigh pressure metamorphism https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032465787&doi=10.1016%2fS0012-821X%2898%2900152-6&partnerID=40&md5=dc6610bc0398d08246fce2878c0edbdd Cited by: 1087 Bradley R. Hacker Lothar Ratschbacher Laura Webb Trevor Ireland Doug Walker Dong Shuwen article Yang1997100 This article provides a brief view of development of the Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) terrane involved in a conceivable intracontinental collision between the Sion-Korean Plate and the Yangtze Plate during the Mesozoic Era. Integrated study of geological and geophysical data reveals crustal structures in the Sulu terrane, and provides evidence for an evolution model of the UHPM terrane called "the dual intracontinental subduction model". Article 1997 English 07053797 10.18814/epiiugs/1997/v20i2/006 Episodes 20 International Union of Geological Sciences 100 – 103 2 https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031286293&doi=10.18814%2fepiiugs%2f1997%2fv20i2%2f006&partnerID=40&md5=8d44aaec812e0ddf08dd39776afafb44 Cited by: 23; All Open Access, Hybrid Gold Open Access Wencai Yang inproceedings Wencai1997UnconformitylikeRP 1997 Yang Wencai article Hacker1995743 Metamorphic coesite and diamond in the Dabie Shan, eastern China, testify to subduction of continental crust to >100 km depth. Exhumation of these ultrahigh-pressure rocks through the crust encompassed two stages. 1) South-dipping foliation, southeast-plunging stretching lineation, lineation-parallel isoclinal folds, and boudins indicate extreme subhorizontal shortening and subvertical extension during top-to-northwest shearing at 200-180 Ma. 2) Northwest-southeast sub-horizontal extension from 133 to 122 Ma was concentrated within an asymmetric structural dome in a magmatic complex that forms the northern half of the Dabie Shan. The preferred exhumation model involves two stages: Triassic identation - vertical extrusion and erosion - followed by Cretaceous plate margin transtension. -from Authors Article 1995 English 00917613 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0743:WBTUEO>2.3.CO;2 Geology 23 743 – 746 8 China; Dabie Mountains; Geology; Continental crusts; Eastern China; Identation; Magmatic complexes; Stretching lineations; Transtension; Triassic; Ultrahigh pressure rocks; Cretaceous; exhumation; tectonics; transtension; Triassic; ultra high pressure metamorphism; Silica https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879879070&doi=10.1130%2f0091-7613%281995%29023%3c0743%3aWBTUEO%3e2.3.CO%3b2&partnerID=40&md5=f82cf725168e743afbb7c1c8726783ea Cited by: 225 B.R. Hacker L. Ratschbacher L. Webb Dong Shuwen